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Rocket engine providing negative thrust used to slow the motion of an aerospace vehicle
A retrorocket (short for retrograde rocket) is a rocket engine providing thrust opposing the motion of a vehicle, thereby causing it to decelerate. They
Retrorocket
First multi crew and EVA-capable spacecraft
spacecraft was, essentially, a Vostok spacecraft that had a backup solid fuel retrorocket added to the top of the descent module. The ejection seat was removed
Voskhod_(spacecraft)
Arrival of a spacecraft on the Moon's surface
Soviet, U.S., Chinese and Indian spacecraft have used braking rockets (retrorockets) to make soft landings and perform scientific operations on the lunar
Moon_landing
Space probe
the objective of achieving a soft landing on the Moon; however, its retrorocket firing occurred too late, and suffered a hard impact on the lunar surface
Luna_8
Nuclear weapons delivery system
the missile's retrorocket, the RD-854 engine, causing the warhead to take on a ballistic path towards its target. The warhead, retrorocket, and guidance
Fractional Orbital Bombardment System
Fractional_Orbital_Bombardment_System
First United States human spaceflight (1961)
blunt heat shield forward for atmospheric re-entry. He also tested the retrorockets which would return later missions from orbit, though the capsule did
Mercury-Redstone_3
Soviet spacecraft
Vostok's retrorocket could fail and leave the cosmonaut stuck in orbit. It was too late in the spacecraft's design phase to add a backup retrorocket, but
Korabl-Sputnik_3
First American orbital spaceflight
undecided on the course of action to take. Some controllers thought the retrorocket pack should be jettisoned after retrofire, while other controllers thought
Mercury-Atlas_6
1960s NASA program to soft-land robotic probes on the Moon
impact trajectory, from 2.6 km/s relative to the Moon before firing retrorockets to a soft landing about 3 minutes 10 seconds later. Each craft was planned
Surveyor_program
Soviet spaceflight program
spacecraft was basically a Vostok spacecraft that had a backup, solid-fueled retrorocket added to the top of the descent module. As it was much heavier, the launch
Voskhod_programme
First human spaceflight in history
backup retrorocket engine. The spacecraft carried 13 days of provisions to allow for survival and natural orbital decay in the event the retrorockets failed
Vostok_1
Rate of change of velocity
inertial force pushing them forward. Such deceleration is often achieved by retrorocket burning in spacecraft. Both acceleration and deceleration are treated
Acceleration
Initial American crewed spaceflight program (1958–1963)
communications stations; back-up controls were outfitted on board. Small retrorockets were used to bring the spacecraft out of its orbit, after which an ablative
Project_Mercury
First great ape launched into space (1957–1983)
p. 138. "Chop Chop Chang Commemorative Patch (HAM the Astrochimp)". Retrorocket Emblems. Retrieved May 20, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival
Ham_(chimpanzee)
1969 Soviet space probe
Aldrin had already set foot on the Moon when Luna 15 fired its main retrorocket engine to initiate descent to the surface at 15:47 UT on 21 July 1969
Luna_15
2015 studio album by Pat Travers
For spacecraft, see Retrorocket Retro Rocket is the follow-up studio album by Pat Travers to Can Do (2013). The album was released on Cleopatra Records
Retro_Rocket
Fifth crewed Moon landing
restoration of four retrorockets to the S-IC first stage, meaning there would be a total of eight, as on Apollo 14 and earlier. The retrorockets were used to
Apollo_16
Airborne infantry fighting vehicle
which hang beneath the pallet. As soon as the rods touch the ground a retrorocket fires, slowing the BMD to a descending speed between 6 m/s and 7 m/s
BMD-2
Part of a space capsule
Shenzhou (and planned US, Russian, and Indian) crewed capsules use small retrorockets to touch down on land. In the lighter gravity of Mars, airbags are sufficient
Reentry_capsule
Vehicle propelled by ejection of gases
to soften a hard parachute landing immediately before touchdown (see retrorocket). Rockets were used to propel a line to a stricken ship so that a Breeches
Rocket
American astronaut and politician (1921–2016)
deal with this problem, ground controllers decided that leaving the retrorocket pack in place might help keep the loose heat shield in place. They relayed
John_Glenn
1961–1966 US human spaceflight program
essentially an enlarged version of the Mercury capsule. Unlike Mercury, the retrorockets, electrical power, propulsion systems, oxygen, and water were located
Project_Gemini
First stage of the Saturn V rocket
retrorockets were located inside each of the four conical engine fairings. At separation of the S-IC from the flight vehicle, the eight retrorockets fired
S-IC
Lunar lander spacecraft
directly into a trajectory to the Moon without any parking orbit. Its retrorockets were turned off at a height of about 3.4 meters above the lunar surface
Surveyor_1
Missions and flights of NASA's Apollo Program
fueled Service Module, which would have required building a lightweight retrorocket module for deorbit. These plans were eventually scrapped in favor of
List_of_Apollo_missions
Soviet orbiter/lander mission to Mars (1971–1972)
atmosphere at roughly 5.7 km/s. Through aerodynamic braking, parachutes, and retrorockets, the lander achieved a soft landing at 45°S 202°E / 45°S 202°E / -45;
Mars_3
First multi-crew spaceflight
spacecraft were basically Vostok spacecraft with a backup solid-fuel retrorocket added onto the top of the descent module. The ejection seat was removed
Voskhod_1
Reconnaissance missile
board the rocket taking pictures of the target area, before a second retrorocket motor, located in the nose of the rocket, fired to return it to its point
Ping-Pong_(rocket)
First crewed spacecraft built by the Soviet Union
horizontal position. Even then, the cosmonaut experienced 8 to 9g. If the retrorocket failed, the spacecraft would naturally decay from orbit within ten days
Vostok_(spacecraft)
1966 uncrewed space mission of the Soviet Union's Luna programme
200 mi) from the Moon, the spacecraft was oriented for the firing of its retrorockets and its spin was stopped in preparation for landing. From this moment
Luna_9
1961 American crewed sub-orbital spaceflight
saw what appeared to be two of the spent retrorockets pass across the periscope view after the retrorocket package had been jettisoned. Pitching the
Mercury-Redstone_4
Cast of franchise inspired by Roald Dahl
There, the Knids bludgeon the capsule with their own bodies, until its retrorockets and communications are useless; whereupon Wonka, Charlie, and Grandpa
List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters
List_of_Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory_characters
British military experiment
Second World War for slowing the landing of air-dropped supplies with retrorockets. The project was initiated by a request from the Army for a method of
Hajile
Conceptual rocket design
landing in the ocean. It would use parachutes to slow descent, with retrorockets (on top) for a final soft touchdown. "Convair NEXUS". Aerospace Projects
General_Dynamics_Nexus
(1965) Venera 2 – Venus (1966) Mars 4 – Intended to orbit Mars, but retrorocket failed, mission partial success (1974) Mars 6 coast stage – Mars (1974)
List of artificial objects in heliocentric orbit
List_of_artificial_objects_in_heliocentric_orbit
First crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
director decided to abort the mission. After 18 orbits, Soyuz 1 fired its retrorockets and reentered the Earth's atmosphere. Despite the technical difficulties
Soyuz_1
1962 Soviet human spaceflights into low Earth orbit
scheduled eight-hour sleep period, feeling "refreshed". Nikolayev fired his retrorocket pack and returned to Earth on August 15, 1962, landing at 06:52 UTC at
Vostok_3_and_4
US–USSR spaceflight capability rivalry
re-entry. The reentry involved two more challenges: an improperly timed retrorocket firing caused the Voskhod 2 to land 386 kilometers (240 mi) off its designated
Space_Race
Retired American solid rocket stage
flown from 1962 to 1984. The BE-3 motor was originally made for use as a retrorocket on the Ranger moon missions, though would later fly multiple times as
BE-3_(solid_motor)
First space station launched and operated by NASA (1973–1979)
potential risks of a space station reentry, but decided not to incorporate a retrorocket system in Skylab due to cost and acceptable risk. The spent 49-ton Saturn
Skylab
American super heavy-lift expendable rocket
accessories, base heat shield, engine fairings and fins, propellant lines, retrorockets, and environmental control ducts. The lower thrust ring has four holddown
Saturn_V
Component of the Apollo spacecraft
place the spacecraft into and out of lunar orbit. It also served as a retrorocket to perform the deorbit burn for Earth orbital flights. The propellants
Apollo command and service module
Apollo_command_and_service_module
American astronaut (1927–2004)
recalled, "my eyeballs out the window for attitude. Then I fired my retrorockets at the right time and landed right by the carrier." Faith 7 splashed
Gordon_Cooper
Space probe
first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, however its retrorockets failed, and the spacecraft impacted the lunar surface. Luna 5 was launched
Luna_5
Landing that does not result in significant damage to the vehicle or its payload
achieved by Parachute—often this is into water. Vertical rocket power using retrorockets, often referred to as VTVL (vertical landing referred to as VTOL, is
Soft_landing
Soviet airborne infantry fighting vehicle
which hang beneath the pallet. As soon as the rods touch the ground retrorocket fires, slowing the BMD to a descending speed between 6 m/s and 7 m/s
BMD-1
American astronaut (1930–2021)
Young to pull him back in with the umbilical. The duo activated the retrorockets on their 43rd orbit, and they splashed down in the Atlantic at 16:06
Michael_Collins_(astronaut)
Third flight of the Saturn I
timed cut-offs of previous flights. SA-3 also featured the first use of retrorockets on Apollo hardware. These were the only functional part on SA-3 of what
Saturn_I_SA-3
Pair of NASA landers and orbiters sent to Mars in 1976
and was released from the parachute. The lander then immediately used retrorockets to slow and control its descent, with a soft landing on the surface of
Viking_program
American aerospace engineer (1924–2019)
overruled Kraft, telling him to instruct Glenn to leave the capsule's retrorocket package on during re-entry. The reasoning was that the package, which
Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr.
Gemini Spacecraft attitude control system
of the translational control engines were mounted on the side of the Retrorocket Module, near the spacecraft's center of mass. Four of these were rated
Orbit Attitude and Maneuvering System
Orbit_Attitude_and_Maneuvering_System
Soviet-era program that sent dogs to space
"other animals", plants and insects. Due to a reentry error when the retrorockets failed to shut off when planned, their spacecraft was intentionally destroyed
Soviet_space_dogs
Gas layer surrounding planet Mercury
approach, due to the Sun's gravitational pull. This requires the use of retrorockets, which use fuel that the probe must carry instead of better instruments
Atmosphere_of_Mercury
Month of 1974
flyby when it initially failed to separate from the probe. Because of a retrorocket failure, the probe skipped off of the atmosphere of Mars and flew past
March_1974
Series of fictional vehicles in the Thunderbirds franchise
for research purposes. However, the radiation from the Sun causes the retrorockets to fail, resulting in it going on a collision course with the Sun until
List_of_Thunderbirds_vehicles
1962 robotic lunar exploration mission by NASA; malfunctioned
635 mm in diameter (25 inches), a mono-propellant mid-course motor, a retrorocket with a thrust of 5080 pounds force (22.6 kN), and a gold- and chrome-plated
Ranger_3
Manned NASA spacecraft
orbital flights. The spacecraft had heating blankets removed from the retrorocket motors, to save weight, and a SOFAR bomb was added. This would be ejected
Mercury-Atlas_8
NASA mission to explore Mars via two rovers
Descent is halted by retrorockets and lander is dropped 10 m (33 ft) to the surface in this computer generated impression.
Mars_Exploration_Rover
Fourth crewed Moon landing
be launched. The propellant reserves were reduced and the number of retrorockets on the S-IC first stage (used to separate the spent first stage from
Apollo_15
Topics referred to by the same term
Australia Retrograde analysis, a type of problem in games, especially chess Retrorocket, a rocket engine Retrospective, a look back at events that took place
Retro_(disambiguation)
Soviet aerospace engineer (1907–1966)
possibility of a natural decay of the orbit and reentry in case of primary retrorocket failure. After one uncrewed test flight, this spacecraft carried a crew
Sergei_Korolev
Satellite early warning system
to attain orbit. Investigation into the two failures found that the retrorocket package heat shields on both Atlas had broken off during launch, exposing
Missile_Defense_Alarm_System
1961 American space flight
environmental control system, attitude stabilization control system, live retrorockets, voice communications system, "closed loop" abort sensing system, and
Mercury-Redstone_2
Passage of an object through the gases of an atmosphere from outer space
is the only way of expending this, as it is highly impractical to use retrorockets for the entire reentry procedure. Crewed space vehicles must be slowed
Atmospheric_entry
Crater on Mars
The HiRISE camera on the MRO took images of what may be the parachute, retrorockets, heat shield and lander. Much of the surface of Mars is covered by a
Ptolemaeus_(Martian_crater)
Soft landing system for Mars rovers
landed this way; instead, a landing system that combined parachutes and retrorockets was developed. The sky crane is a platform with eight engines that lowers
Sky_crane_(landing_system)
1965 American crewed space mission
lowered the perigee to 72 km (39 nmi). This was made so, in case the retrorockets had failed, the spacecraft would still have reentered the atmosphere
Gemini_3
NASA test rocket (1960)
the spacecraft. The capsule carried live separation rockets, but dummy retrorockets. Several other systems were not installed, including the cabin pressurization
Mercury-Atlas_1
American novelist (born 1953)
Candelaria) This Former President: Science Fiction as Retrospective Retrorocket Jettisons Trumpism (collection, 2023) When Trump Changed: The Feminist
Marleen_S._Barr
Uncrewed suborbital test-flight of the Mercury spacecraft
flight. The spacecraft tested its instrumentation, posigrade rockets, retrorockets and recovery system. The mission was completely successful. The Mercury
Mercury-Redstone_1A
1965 manned United States spaceflight in NASA's Gemini program
to attempt to observe a laser beam originating from the ground. The retrorockets were scheduled to be fired at 46 hours and 10 minutes into the mission
Gemini_6A
Study of past and present water on Mars
considerably lower the water freezing point. When Phoenix landed, the retrorockets splashed soil and melted ice onto the vehicle. Photographs showed the
Water_on_Mars
use the main retrorocket motor to reduce the descent velocity. At approximately 5,600 feet above the target area, the second retrorocket would fire once
Lunar_penetrometer
Test flight of the Redstone rocket and Mercury spacecraft
the pad. Various other dangers existed as well, such as the capsule's retrorocket package and the range safety destruct charges. Furthermore, the capsule's
Mercury-Redstone_1
Second American Gemini program spaceflight
an onboard automatic sequencer. At 6 minutes 54 seconds after launch, retrorockets were fired. The spacecraft landed 3,422.4 kilometres (2,126.6 mi; 1,847
Gemini_2
1966–1967 animated television series
ones). In the episode "Ebenezer the Freezer", Batfink has automatic retrorockets built into his wings, but not in any other episode. Sometimes, his wings
Batfink
Landing of a spacecraft on the surface of Mars
A stationary lander can drop from the parachute back shell and ride retrorockets all the way down, but a rover cannot be burdened with rockets that serve
Mars_landing
Soviet crewed spaceflight; world's first space walk
Voskhod 2 spacecraft was a Vostok spacecraft with a backup, solid fuel retrorocket, attached atop the descent module. The ejection seat was removed and
Voskhod_2
Nuclear bomb
examined parachutes, rotochutes and retrorockets. Rotochutes could not handle the weapon's weight, while retrorockets placed special operating restrictions
B28_nuclear_bomb
American astronaut and aquanaut (1925–2013)
delay caused by the automatic sequencer required Carpenter to fire the retrorockets manually. This effort took two pushes of the override button and accounted
Scott_Carpenter
Tanks towed behind, or carried under, an airplane, to glide into a battlefield
BMD-1s with crew members aboard, using a combination of a parachute and retrorocket.[citation needed] Military glider Messerschmitt Me 321 and Junkers Ju
Winged_tank
1962 American unmanned space flight intended to study the Moon
diameter, a mono-propellant mid-course motor, a 22.6 kN (5,080 lbf) thrust retrorocket, and a gold- and chrome-plated hexagonal base 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in diameter
Ranger_4
Planned series of uncrewed NASA probes to the planet Mars
probes modified with the use of aeroshells and a combination parachute/retrorocket landing systems. Funding for the program, like that of the entire AAP
Voyager_program_(Mars)
Class of partially reusable crew capsules
Starliner-1 flight. Aerojet Rocketdyne, reaction control system and retrorockets Airborne Systems, parachutes Bigelow Aerospace, elements of crew capsule
Boeing_Starliner
American expendable launch system
lengthened for longer burn time and unnecessary vernier engines and retrorockets were removed. Because the second stage engine had had issues with combustion
Titan_II_GLV
Family of launch vehicles used in U.S. Air Force and space programs (1959–2005)
Guidance package placed on the upper stages (if present) Removal of retrorockets and other unnecessary ICBM hardware Slightly larger propellant tanks
Titan_(rocket_family)
Robotic spacecraft sent to Mars
about 5 kilometers per second (3.1 miles per second). The aeroshell's retrorockets fired to begin the lander de-orbit maneuver. After a few hours at about
Viking_1
Chinese rover on Mars
the Utopia Planitia, using a combination of aeroshell, parachute, and retrorocket. With the landing, China became the second country to operate a fully
Zhurong_(rover)
Failed Soviet flyby/lander mission to Mars (1973–1974)
However, it was eventually released to begin its descent. Due to a retrorocket failure, the probe missed the atmosphere of Mars, and, instead of landing
Mars_7
Type of spacecraft
breathing gasses, batteries, fuel, attitude control thrusters, and the retrorocket. It could support flights as long as ten days. Six Vostok launches were
Space_capsule
Human space travel for recreation
The vehicle will use a parachute for descent but will probably use retrorockets for final touchdown, according to remarks made by Armadillo Aerospace
Space_tourism
Space probe
never reestablished, and the mission was unsuccessful. The solid-fuel retrorocket may have exploded near the end of its scheduled burn. Wikimedia Commons
Surveyor_4
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1930–2018)
lower its perigee to 72 km (45 mi). On the third orbit, Young fired the retrorockets to begin re-entry. The lift the capsule experienced during reentry was
John_Young_(astronaut)
Failed NASA lunar impactor (1962)
impact-limiter, 65 cm in diameter, a mono-propellant mid-course motor, a retrorocket with a thrust of 5,080 lbf (22.6 kN), and a gold and chrome plated hexagonal
Ranger_5
Soviet and Russian spacecraft navigation system
ground.[citation needed] However, the IMP would become crucial if manual retrorocket activation became compromised by failure of either the flight sequencer
Voskhod Spacecraft "Globus" IMP navigation instrument
Voskhod_Spacecraft_"Globus"_IMP_navigation_instrument
1962 crewed spaceflight within NASA's Project Mercury
vector. In addition to the attitude error, Carpenter also activated the retrorockets three seconds late, adding another 15 miles (24 km) or so to the trajectory
Mercury-Atlas_7
Mission including first robotic rover to operate on Mars (1997)
for no more than about 15 m/s (34 mph) vertical impacts, three solid retrorockets were mounted above the lander in the backshell. These were fired at 98 m
Mars_Pathfinder
Robotic mission that deployed the ''Curiosity'' rover to Mars in 2012
to create stability and impingement problems when decelerating with retrorockets. Although some previous missions have used airbags to cushion the shock
Mars_Science_Laboratory
NASA satellite of the Explorer program (1966–)
mounted on top of the spacecraft. A 35.8 kgf (351 N; 79 lbf) thrust retrorocket (Thiokol TE-M-458) is mounted on top of the bus. Power was stored in
Explorer_33
NASA human spaceflight program for the International Space Station
eventually be capable of touchdowns on terra firma, using parachutes and retrorocket firings [...] But that option is apparently no longer in the works."
Commercial_Crew_Program
RETROROCKET
RETROROCKET
RETROROCKET
RETROROCKET
Girl/Female
Indian
A daughter (Daughter of Aja)
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
King of Dance
Girl/Female
Muslim
Apple
Girl/Female
Tamil
Gift from God
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Joyous Person
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Province.
Biblical
consuming father; gathering,father of gathering, i.e. gatheredfather of gathering; the gatherer
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Punjabi, Sikh, Telugu
A Star; Hindu Month; Son of Lord Shiva; Leader of Deva Army
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Lion
Boy/Male
Tamil
RETROROCKET
RETROROCKET
RETROROCKET
RETROROCKET
RETROROCKET