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Orbital radius at which a satellite might break up due to gravitational force
In celestial mechanics, the Roche limit, also called Roche radius, is the distance from a celestial body within which a second celestial body, held together
Roche_limit
French astronomer and mathematician (1820–1883)
celestial mechanics. His name was given to the concepts of the Roche sphere, Roche limit, and Roche lobe. He also was the author of works in meteorology. He
Édouard_Roche
Gravitationally-binding region around a star in a binary system
the Roche limit, which is the distance at which an object held together only by gravity begins to break up due to tidal forces. The Roche lobe, Roche limit
Roche_lobe
Region in which an astronomical body dominates the attraction of satellites
influence, such as the Laplace sphere or the Roche sphere, the latter of which causes confusion with the Roche limit. It was defined by the American astronomer
Hill_sphere
been named the Roche Division in honor of the French physicist Édouard Roche. The Roche Division should not be confused with the Roche limit which is the
Rings_of_Saturn
Ringed dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt
thin rings orbiting outside its Roche limit, which defies theoretical expectations that rings outside the Roche limit should be unstable. Quaoar has one
Quaoar
Ring of cosmic dust orbiting an astronomical object
material originating from the protoplanetary disk that was within the Roche limit of the planet and thus could not coalesce to form moons, from the debris
Ring_system
Hypothesis of the formation of the Moon
lighter crustal and mantle fragments that went far enough beyond the Roche limit and thus were not pulled back by Earth's gravity to re-fuse with Earth
Giant-impact_hypothesis
Natural satellite orbiting Earth
the Moon into orbit far outside Earth's Roche limit. Even satellites that initially pass within the Roche limit can reliably and predictably survive, by
Moon
Hypothetical global catastrophe scenario
4 × 1026 J, 300 times smaller. Bringing the Moon's orbit within the Roche limit of Earth (within about 18,000 km (11,000 mi)) would also destroy it.
Destruction_of_the_Moon
Gravitational force holding a body or system of bodies together
bodies passing each other in space, within the sphere defined by their Roche limit. In this way, relatively small bodies can be torn apart, though typically
Self-gravitation
Large, round non-stellar astronomical object
(2023). "A dense ring of the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar outside its Roche limit". Nature. 614 (7947): 239–243. Bibcode:2023Natur.614..239M. doi:10
Planet
Disked object that eclipsed V1400 Centauri
"Saturn on steroids". The radius of the disk extends far beyond J1407b's Roche limit at 0.001 AU (150 thousand km; 93 thousand mi), which allows exomoons
J1407b
Objects intentionally placed into orbit
orbital decay due to drag in the presence of an atmosphere and above their Roche limit. Satellites are spacecraft launched from the surface into space by launch
Satellite
Comet that collided with Jupiter
At that time, the orbit of Shoemaker–Levy 9 passed within Jupiter's Roche limit, and Jupiter's tidal forces had acted to pull the comet apart. The comet
Comet_Shoemaker–Levy_9
Smallest stable circular orbit of a particle
the inner edge of the disk. The ISCO should not be confused with the Roche limit, the innermost point where a physical object can orbit before tidal forces
Innermost stable circular orbit
Innermost_stable_circular_orbit
Gravitational effect also known as the differential force and the perturbing force
breaking apart of celestial bodies and formation of ring systems within the Roche limit, and in extreme cases, spaghettification of objects. Tidal forces have
Tidal_force
Scientific projections regarding the far future
Before the final collision, the Moon possibly spirals below Earth's Roche limit, breaking into a ring of debris, most of which falls to the Earth's surface
Timeline_of_the_far_future
Planetary system consisting of the Sun and objects orbiting it
(2023). "A dense ring of the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar outside its Roche limit". Nature. 614 (7947): 239–243. Bibcode:2023Natur.614..239M. doi:10
Solar_System
Innermost Galilean moon of Jupiter
eccentric in order to better characterize Jupiter's polar regions and to limit its exposure to the planet's harsh inner radiation belts, limiting close
Io_(moon)
American comics author and novelist
acclaimed military horror comic series Burning Fields and space comic series Roche Limit, which was included in Paste's "Required Reading: 50 of the Best Sci-Fi
Michael_Moreci
Largest moon of Neptune
are that 3.6 billion years from now, Triton will pass within Neptune's Roche limit. This will result in either a collision with Neptune's atmosphere or
Triton_(moon)
Planets visible to the naked eye
model Oort cloud Oort limit Outer space Planet Disrupted Migration System Planetesimal Protoplanetary disk Definition IAU Roche limit Rubble pile Scattered
Classical_planet
Natural satellite orbiting inside the orbit of a larger moon
at only 70% of its fluid Roche limit, as well as Neptune's moon Naiad. Naiad's density is unknown, so its precise Roche limit is also unknown, but if its
Inner_moon
Moon of Jupiter
actually lie within the fluid Roche limit. However, since it is not breaking up, it must still lie outside its rigid Roche limit. Adrastea is the largest contributor
Adrastea_(moon)
Animation using Microsoft PowerPoint or similar program
recreation of the game Beat Saber by YouTuber and game developer Emeral. ROCHE LIMIT: The Death of CMK – A 1,500-slide "dark, surrealist pixel art game" by
PowerPoint_animation
Event of around 467 million years ago
event may have been caused by an asteroid that passed within Earth's Roche limit and broke up into a ring system, material from which then deorbited and
Ordovician_meteor_event
Moon of Jupiter
orbit lies within the fluid Roche limit; however, because it has not broken up, it must lie outside its rigid Roche limit. Metis's orbit lies ~1,000 km
Metis_(moon)
Hypotheses about Triton's origin
is at raising them. At this eccentricity, two satellites between the Roche limit for ice (~2.7 RN) and 5 RN would be able to collide with each other,
Capture_of_Triton
Hypothetical planetary rings around Earth
created by an L chondrite parent body which passed near Earth within the Roche limit, causing it to break up and form a debris ring. The rings would gradually
Rings_of_Earth
Topics referred to by the same term
siblings Roche limit (also known as the "Roche radius"), a concept in celestial mechanics Roche lobe, a concept in celestial mechanics Roche (spider)
Roche_(disambiguation)
Theories explaining the formation of Earth's Moon
the Moon into orbit far outside Earth's Roche limit. Even satellites that initially pass within the Roche limit can reliably and predictably survive, by
Origin_of_the_Moon
Red dwarf star in the constellation Aquarius
likely be either destroyed by their planet's gravity after entering its Roche limit or stripped from the planet by leaving its Hill radius Although the TRAPPIST-1
TRAPPIST-1
Hot Jupiter
the planet is expected to spiral into HIP 65A and be destroyed by its Roche limit within somewhere between 80 million years and a few billion years. HIP
HIP_65Ab
Satellite associated with a planetary ring
Adrastea, are within Jupiter's ring system and are also within Jupiter's Roche limit. It is possible that these rings are composed of material that is being
Shepherd_moon
Overview of and topical guide to the Solar System
model Oort cloud Oort limit Outer space Planet Disrupted Migration System Planetesimal Protoplanetary disk Definition IAU Roche limit Rubble pile Scattered
Outline_of_the_Solar_System
Situation in which an astronomical object's orbital period matches its rotational period
rotation – a near synchronization of revolution and rotation at periastron Roche limit – Orbital radius at which a satellite might break up due to gravitational
Tidal_locking
2019 Chinese science fiction film directed by Frant Gwo
insufficient to divert Earth's trajectory as it approaches Jupiter's Roche limit. MOSS broadcasts a final message to the world, but Peiqiang refuses to
The_Wandering_Earth
1994 compilation album by various artists
– "Painfully Obvious" The Pee Chees – "Patty Coahulla" Star Pimp – "Roche Limit" Pell Mell – "Don the Beachcomber" Smog – "37 Pushups" Kathleen Hanna
Rock_Stars_Kill
Moon of Neptune
Neptune's atmosphere, or break up into a planetary ring upon passing its Roche limit due to tidal stretching. Volume derived from the mean radius r: 4 3 π
Despina_(moon)
Set of gravitationally bound objects in orbit
circumplanetary disk that can be the result of satellites disintegrated near the Roche limit. Such disks could, over time, coalesce to form natural satellites. Collision
Satellite_system_(astronomy)
Long-term future of planet Earth
closes to a distance of 18,470 km (11,480 mi), it will cross Earth's Roche limit, meaning that tidal interaction with Earth would break apart the Moon
Future_of_Earth
Hypothesized entity in outer space
years, causing the synestia to contract. Mass remaining outside the Roche limit of the inner region accreted to form moonlets, and subsequently combined
Synestia
Moon of Neptune
Neptune's atmosphere, or break up into a planetary ring upon passing its Roche limit due to tidal stretching. Relatively soon after, the spreading debris
Thalassa_(moon)
Natural satellites of the planet Mars
orbital radius. At some point in the future, when it falls within the Roche limit, Phobos will be broken up by these tidal forces and either crash into
Moons_of_Mars
American science fiction and fantasy comics magazine
projects in other media that never come to fruition, such as Hoax Hunters, Roche Limit, and Interceptor in 2015. Regardless, all were announced in legitimate
Heavy_Metal_(magazine)
Type of terrestrial planet
Rogers, Leslie A.; Levine, Alan; Winn, Joshua N. (19 April 2018). "The Roche Limit for Close-orbiting Planets: Minimum Density, Composition Constraints
Iron_planet
Field of classical mechanics concerned with the motion of spacecraft
theory Kepler orbit Lagrange point Mechanical engineering N-body problem Roche limit Spacecraft propulsion Universal variable formulation Thomson, William
Orbital_mechanics
Region of planetary space resulting in a future collision if traversed by an asteroid
comet) passing close to the Roche limit, its size, which is inferred from its magnitude, affects not only the Roche limit but also the trajectory because
Gravitational_keyhole
Satellite that orbits a natural satellite
the subsatellite's orbit would then decay until it crossed Iapetus' Roche limit, forming a transient ring which then impacted Iapetus to form a ridge
Subsatellite
Moon of Neptune
planet or break up into a new planetary ring system upon passing its Roche limit due to tidal stretching. Galatea appears to be a shepherd moon for the
Galatea_(moon)
Moon of Jupiter
furthest from Jupiter, the surface is thought to be near the edge of the Roche limit, where Thebe's gravity is only slightly larger than the centrifugal force
Thebe_(moon)
Dwarf planet with a ring and two moons
within Haumea's Roche limit, which would be at a radius of about 4,400 km if it were spherical (being nonspherical pushes the limit out farther). The
Haumea
Potential for life-friendly planets orbiting brown dwarfs
duration for lower-mass objects, as they cool faster, and eventually the Roche limit becomes a problem. For a 0.04-solar mass object, the maximum HZ time
Habitability of brown dwarf systems
Habitability_of_brown_dwarf_systems
Great Comet of 2011
the Survival of the sungrazing comet C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy) within the Roche limit". Icarus. arXiv:1203.1808. "Observation list for C/2011 W3". COBS – Comet
C/2011_W3_(Lovejoy)
Potentially hazardous near-Earth asteroid
alter Apophis's rotation axis, but Apophis will not approach within the Roche limit where it would be broken up by tidal forces. A partial resurfacing of
99942_Apophis
Gravitational binding energy Speed of gravity Newtonian limit Hill sphere Roche lobe Roche limit Phase space Symplectic manifold Liouville's theorem (Hamiltonian)
List of mathematical topics in classical mechanics
List_of_mathematical_topics_in_classical_mechanics
Kreutz sungrazer comet
the Survival of the sungrazing comet C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy) within the Roche limit". arXiv:1203.1808 [astro-ph.EP]. Wikimedia Commons has media related
C/2026_A1_(MAPS)
Jupiter analogue exoplanet
the moon is real it would be just skimming or bextremly close to the roche limit. Kipping, D. M.; Torres, G.; Henze, C.; Teachey, A.; Isaacson, H.; Petigura
Kepler-167e
The Moon's circuit around Earth
A schematic (not to scale) of Hill spheres (as 2D radii) and Roche limits of each body of the Sun-Earth-Moon system. The actual Hill radius for the Moon
Orbit_of_the_Moon
Édouard Roche finds the limiting radius of tidal destruction and tidal creation for a body held together only by its own gravity, called the Roche limit, and
Timeline of Solar System astronomy
Timeline_of_Solar_System_astronomy
as the showrunner for an adaptation of Michael Moreci's comic series Roche Limit. In October 2019, the Bone comics were set up by Netflix for an animated
List of unproduced Image Comics projects
List_of_unproduced_Image_Comics_projects
Moon of Neptune
Neptune's atmosphere, or break up into a planetary ring upon passing its Roche limit due to tidal stretching, similarly to how Triton will eventually collide
Larissa_(moon)
American Midwest landscape depressions
seen in several chains of craters on the lunar surface. Impact event Roche limit List of possible impact structures on Earth Gillman, Joe (ed.), Association
38th_parallel_structures
Variable star in the constellation Sagitta
close to the white dwarf that the tidal bulge of the former overlaps the Roche limit, allowing matter to pass across and accumulate onto the disk. When the
WZ_Sagittae
Paradox concerning water on early Earth
heating. The underlying assumption of Moon's formation just outside of the Roche limit is not certain, however: a magnetized disk of debris could have transported
Faint_young_Sun_paradox
Tidal force experienced by objects subject to the gravitational field of a galaxy
from an Oort cloud may be the result of the galactic tide. Oort cloud Roche limit Satellite galaxy Dwarf galaxy Interacting galaxy Tidal force Toomre,
Galactic_tide
limits which are seen in the Moon, the Sun, and also the orbits of planets. Copernicus furthermore believed that the universe had a spherical limit.
Historical models of the Solar System
Historical_models_of_the_Solar_System
Solar system objects beyond Neptune
known moon, Weywot, and two known rings that are both outside Quaoar's Roche limit. (612533) 2002 XV93 A medium-sized plutino that was found to have an
Trans-Neptunian_object
Triton, taken by Voyager 2. Triton's orbit will eventually take it within Neptune's Roche limit, tearing it apart and possibly forming a new ring system.
Formation and evolution of the Solar System
Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System
Gas giant planet orbiting close to a star
enough to their stars for the outer layers of the planets to exceed their Roche limit and be pulled further outward. Usually they are tidally locked, with
Hot_Jupiter
Skyscraper in Basel, Switzerland
Roche Tower 2 (German: Roche Turm Bau 2) is an office skyscraper in Basel, Switzerland. At 205 metres (673 ft), it became the tallest building in Switzerland
Roche_Tower_2
Observatory
study called for a revision of the traditional notion of the Roche limit, which places a limit on the distance at which a ring can exist away from its parent
Reedy_Creek_Observatory
Region where a supermassive black hole gravitationally dominates its galaxy
parsec, while its radius of gravitational influence is about 3 parsecs. Roche limit Tidal disruption event § Tidal-disruption radius Peebles, J. (December
Sphere of influence (black hole)
Sphere_of_influence_(black_hole)
Binary white dwarf system with degrading orbits
common-envelope evolution. It occurs when the more massive star fills its Roche limit during its red giant phase. The second star then starts to accrete material
NLTT_12758
Exoplanet in the constellation Virgo
that the planet is situated at the Roche limit and has been slowly losing the silicate crust and mantle to Roche lobe overflow as its orbit slowly decays
K2-137b
(2023). "A dense ring of the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar outside its Roche limit". Nature. 614 (7947): 239–243. Bibcode:2023Natur.614..239M. doi:10
List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System
List_of_gravitationally_rounded_objects_of_the_Solar_System
1987 novel by Larry Niven
Goldblatt's World (abbreviated "Gold") orbits the star just outside its Roche limit. While Gold's gravity is enough to keep it from being pulled apart by
The_Smoke_Ring_(novel)
Planet with an orbital period less than one day
4256 b orbits so close to the host star that it has nearly passed the roche limit, causing the planet to be pulled into an egg-like shape. It is predicted
Ultra-short_period_planet
Lord Rosse studies M1 and names it the Crab Nebula. Édouard Roche calculates the Roche limit, the limiting radius of tidal destruction and tidal creation
1848_in_science
detected only by radial velocity, the listed value for mass is a lower limit. See Minimum mass for more information. Lists of exoplanets List of directly
List of exoplanets discovered in 2024
List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2024
Submarine of the United States
ripped apart due to gravitational tidal forces from the rogue planet's Roche limit. "SSBN-726 Ohio-Class FBM Submarines". Federation of American Scientists
USS_West_Virginia_(SSBN-736)
Natural phenomenon due to which tidal locking occurs
distant future these moons will strike the planet or cross within their Roche limit and be tidally disrupted into fragments. However, all such moons in the
Tidal_acceleration
Star in the constellation Orion
detached system in which the secondary is almost in contact with its Roche limit, while the primary has an accretion disk that is creating emission lines
DN_Orionis
British sports administrator
Collette Roche to become club's first female chief operating officer". BBC Sport. 19 April 2018. Retrieved 10 October 2018. "The sky's the limit for BBA
Collette_Roche
Moon of dwarf planet Quaoar
(2023). "A dense ring of the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar outside its Roche limit". Nature. 614 (7947): 239–243. Bibcode:2023Natur.614..239M. doi:10
Weywot
Earth-sized exoplanet falling into a star
planet orbits so close to the host star that it has nearly passed the roche limit. The expected tidal forces caused by the star would likely have deformed
GJ_4256_b
1984 science fiction novel by Larry Niven
Goldblatt's World (abbreviated "Gold") orbits this star just outside its Roche limit and therefore its gravity is insufficient to keep its atmosphere, which
The_Integral_Trees
American astronomer
model Oort cloud Oort limit Outer space Planet Disrupted Migration System Planetesimal Protoplanetary disk Definition IAU Roche limit Rubble pile Scattered
Craig_Chester_(astronomer)
Moon of asteroid Didymos
the ring would become Dimorphos and a set of objects outside of the Roche limit. After that, most of the ring's mass would come back to Didymos. On 24
Dimorphos
Super-Earth-type exoplanet
b- an egg-shaped Earth-sized world that nearly reached its host stars roche limit Burt, Jennifer A.; Hooton, Matthew J.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Barragán, Oscar;
TOI-1685_b
Oort cloud comet
890 °F) – sufficient to melt iron. Additionally, it passed within its Roche limit, meaning it might disintegrate due to the Sun's gravity. Comet ISON had
Comet_ISON
Rock formation created by the passing of a glacier
In glaciology, a roche moutonnée (or sheepback) is a rock formation created by the passing of a glacier. The passage of glacial ice over underlying bedrock
Roche_moutonnée
the contamination comes from asteroids that got too close (within the Roche limit) to these stars by gravitational interaction with larger planets and
Methods of detecting exoplanets
Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets
Star that has little or no hydrogen in its atmosphere
that they eventually inspiral due to gravitational wave losses. At the Roche limit, mass transfer takes place from the helium to the carbon-oxygen star
Hydrogen-deficient_star
Large trans-neptunian object
distance of 1,300–2,000 km (810–1,240 mi), just beyond the estimated Roche limit of Varuna (~1000 km). Due to the satellite's close proximity to Varuna
20000_Varuna
Star in the constellation Hercules
height greater than half the stellar radius. This is just outside the Roche limit and requires hot debris with a temperature of 950 K (677 °C; 1,250 °F)
GD_362
companion. The two types of planets were assumed to have resulted from the Roche limit. No explanation was offered for the Sun's slow rotation, which Kuiper
History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses
History_of_Solar_System_formation_and_evolution_hypotheses
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, above Roche limit – Édouard Roche Roche sphere (a.k.a. Hill sphere) – Édouard Roche (and George William Hill) Rollin film
Scientific phenomena named after people
Scientific_phenomena_named_after_people
Comet that is extremely close to the sun during part of its orbit
are objects that reach perihelion within 3.45 solar radii (the fluid Roche limit). Sundivers are defined as comets with orbits that intersect the solar
Sungrazing_comet
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