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Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
The Sangiric languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken in North Sulawesi, Indonesia and several small islands to the north which belong
Sangiric_languages
Gorontalo–Mongondow languages Sangiric languages Minahasan languages Celebic languages South Sulawesi languages The remaining three languages are affiliated
Languages_of_Sulawesi
language, spoken in northeastern part, of North Kalimantan. Sangiric languages, spoken in northern islands part of North Sulawesi. Oceanic languages Sarmi-Jayapura
Languages_of_Indonesia
Proposed branch of the Austronesian language family
Ati language Manide–Alabat Kalamian languages (2 languages of northern Palawan) South Mindanao languages (5 languages) Sangiric languages (4 languages of
Philippine_languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
Minahasan languages, including inherited vocabulary as well as Minahasan innovations. Sangiric languages Gorontalo–Mongondow languages Languages of Sulawesi
Minahasan_languages
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
required) Himmelmann, Nikolaus P.; Wolff, John U. (1999). Toratán (Ratahan) (PDF). Languages of the World/Materials, 130. München: Lincom Europa. v t e
Ratahan_language
Austronesian language spoken on the Talaud Islands
Talaud is an Austronesian language spoken on the Talaud Islands north of Sulawesi, Indonesia. There are 2 dialects, namely the Lami dialect (which is spoken
Talaud_language
Major subgroup of the Austronesian language family
Batanic languages Northern Luzon Central Luzon Northern Mindoro Greater Central Philippine Kalamian South Mindanao (also called Bilic languages) Sangiric Minahasan
Malayo-Polynesian_languages
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
ISBN 978-971-550-511-6. OCLC 154714449. Sneddon, James N. (1984). Proto-Sangiric and the Sangiric languages. Pacific Linguistics. Vol. B-91. Canberra: Australian National
Sangir_language
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
> *o in the first syllable of reduplications Languages of Sulawesi Minahasan languages Sangiric languages Usup, Hunggu Tadjuddin (1986). Rekonstruksi Proto-Bahasa
Gorontalo–Mongondow_languages
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨𝼈⟩ in IPA
Proto-Sangiric & the Sangiric languages. Pacific Linguistics. pp. 20, 23. doi:10.15144/PL-B91. Masica, Colin (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge:
Voiced_retroflex_lateral_flap
Group of Austronesian indigenous people
Subanon language South Mindanao languages Mansakan languages Mamanwa language Sangiric languages Most of the Mindanao Lumad groups have a musical heritage
Lumad
Austronesian ethnic group
of the Sangiric microgroup. Another language (Ponosakan) is considered moribund and is part of the Gorontalo–Mongondow microgroup. The language of wider
Minahasan_people
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Utsumi, Atsuko (2000). "Field-work on Bantik language". In Kazuto Matsumura (ed.). Studies in Minority Languages. pp. 18–20. Utsumi, Atsuko (2000). "Bantik
Bantik_language
Sound change towards glottal articulation
1163/22134379-90003347. JSTOR 27863783. Sneddon, James N. (1984). "Proto-Sangiric and the Sangiric languages". Pacific Linguistics. Canberra. doi:10.15144/PL-B91. See
Debuccalization
Language spoken in Indonesia
native regional languages such as Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, Balinese, Banjarese, and Buginese, as well as by foreign languages such as Arabic,
Indonesian_language
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
as the Bikol languages, the Bisayan languages, Ilocano, Kapampangan, and Pangasinan, and more distantly to other Austronesian languages, such as the Formosan
Tagalog_language
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
the Aborlan Tagbanwa language and Central Tagbanwa language are members of the Palawanic languages. These are among the few languages of the Philippines
Kalamian_languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
The Kei–Tanimbar languages are a small group of Austronesian languages spoken on the Kei and Tanimbar islands in the southern Maluku Islands, and on the
Kei–Tanimbar_languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
The Buru–Sula languages are a group of Austronesian languages (geographically Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages) spoken on the Buru and Sula
Buru–Sula_languages
Austronesian language family of Borneo and the Philippines
The Sama–Bajaw languages are a well-established group of languages spoken by the Sama-Bajau peoples (Aꞌa sama) of the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia
Sama–Bajaw_languages
Austronesian language
possibility that Greater North Borneo languages are closely related to many other western Indonesian languages, including Javanese. Blust's suggestion
Javanese_language
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
Borneo languages Central Sarawak languages Kayan–Murik languages Land Dayak languages Malayo–Chamic Chamic languages Malayic languages Rejang language Sundanese
Malayic_languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages (also Barrier Islands–Batak languages or Sumatran languages) are a group of Malayo-Polynesian languages spoken by the Batak
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages
Northwest_Sumatra–Barrier_Islands_languages
National language of the Philippines
Philippines' many regional languages. The Philippines is a multilingual country with 175 living languages. These languages are spoken by different ethnic
Filipino_language
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
The Subanen languages (also Subanon and Subanun) are a group of closely related Austronesian languages belonging to the Greater Central Philippine subgroup
Subanen_languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
The Muna–Buton languages are a group of languages spoken on the islands of Muna and Buton off the coast of South East Sulawesi province, Indonesia. They
Muna–Buton_languages
Austronesian language
various other Malayic languages. According to Ethnologue 16, several of the Malayic varieties they currently list as separate languages, including the Orang
Malay_language
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
Sumba–Flores languages, which correspond to the traditional "Bima–Sumba" subgroup minus Bima, are a proposed group of Austronesian languages (geographically
Sumba–Flores_languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
to the Hawu-Dhao languages. A preliminary internal classification by Asplund (2010) recognizes three branches of the Sumba languages: Sumba Central–East
Sumba_languages
Language family
Philippine languages are an obsolete proposal for a subgroup of the Austronesian languages comprising the Danao languages, the Manobo languages and Subanon
Mindanao_languages
Language family
Southwest Tanimbar languages, also known as the South Tanimbar languages or Selaru languages, are a pair of Austronesian languages (geographically Central–Eastern
Southwest_Tanimbar_languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
Panay, the North Mangyan languages on Mindoro, the Kalamian languages in northern Palawan and the South Mindanao languages. The Greater Central Philippine
Greater Central Philippine languages
Greater_Central_Philippine_languages
Australian linguist
and wordlist. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Sneddon, James N. (1984). Proto-Sangiric and the Sangiric languages. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. v t e
James_Sneddon
Language family
The Piru Bay languages are a group of twenty Malayo-Polynesian languages, spoken on Ambon Island and around Piru Bay on the island of Seram, Indonesia
Piru_Bay_languages
Branch of the Austronesian language family
The Yapen languages are the branch of Malayo-Polynesian languages spoken on Yapen Island and the nearby small islands in Cenderawasih Bay, all in Papua
Yapen languages (Austronesian)
Yapen_languages_(Austronesian)
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
Northern Luzon languages (also known as the Cordilleran languages) are one of the few established large groups within Philippine languages. These are mostly
Northern_Luzon_languages
Branch of Malayo-Polynesian languages
The Raja Ampat–South Halmahera languages are a branch of Malayo-Polynesian languages of eastern Indonesia. They are spoken on islands in the Halmahera
Raja Ampat–South Halmahera languages
Raja_Ampat–South_Halmahera_languages
Extinct language in Papua
Indigenous Languages Declared Extinct: Education Ministry". Jakarta Globe. 8 March 2024. Retrieved 10 September 2024. Desk, News. "Four Papuan languages extinct
Tandia_language
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
The Land Dayak languages are a group of dozen or so languages spoken by the Bidayuh (Land Dayaks) of northwestern Borneo, and according to some sources
Land_Dayak_languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian languages
languages are a group of closely related Austronesian languages, spoken in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The most widely spoken Sumba–Hawu language is
Sumba–Hawu_languages
Native people to the Sangir Islands
It includes a large number of words borrowed or distorted from other languages. Manado Malay, the lingua franca of North Sulawesi, is also widely spoken
Sangir_people
Language spoken in Indonesia
Austronesian language of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is the prestige variety of the Toraja–Duri languages. In 2010, 123,000 people spoke this language. It is
Duri_language
Austronesian language spoken in Philippines
Tuwali language is a native language indigenous to Ifugao. It is mainly spoken in the whole province. Its different varieties distinguish the municipality
Tuwali_language
Austronesian language spoken in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Basap to have formed part of an ancient linkage of early forms of Barito languages in eastern Kalimantan. Basap at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription
Basap_language
Reconstructed ancestor of the Philippine languages
Proto-Philippine language is a reconstructed ancestral proto-language of the Philippine languages, a proposed subgroup of the Austronesian languages which includes
Proto-Philippine_language
Languages of the Negrito peoples of the Philippines
of the Philippines speak various Philippine languages. They have more in common with neighboring languages than with each other, and are listed here merely
Philippine_Negrito_languages
Austronesian language spoken in Maluku, Indonesia
The Austronesian languages of eastern Indonesia and Timor-Leste: Unravelling their prehistory and classification. Berlin: Language Science Press. v t
Teor-Kur_language
Sabahan language spoken on Borneo
or Sembakung, and also known as Tinggalan, is one of several Sabahan languages of Borneo spoken by the Tidong people. Sembakung Murut at Ethnologue (18th
Sembakung_language
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Bungku is an Austronesian language (one of the Celebic languages) spoken by the Bungku people of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is quite close to Wawonii
Bungku_language
Austronesian language spoken in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Hovongan (Hobongan), or Punan Bungan, is a Kayan language of West Kalimantan, Indonesia, one of several spoken by the Penan people. Hovongan at Ethnologue
Hovongan_language
Austronesian language spoken in Maluku, Indonesia
Taber, Mark (1993). "Toward a better understanding of the Indigenous Languages of Southwestern Maluku". Oceanic Linguistics. 32 (2): 389–441. doi:10
Romang_language
Oceanic language spoken in Indonesia
Austronesian language spoken on an island in Jayapura Bay, east of the Tor River in Papua province of Indonesia. It is one of the Sarmi languages. Anus at
Anus_language
Austronesian language spoken in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Bakumpai is an Austronesian language belonging to the West Barito languages. It is spoken by about 100,000 Bakumpai people (a subgroup of Dayak people)
Bakumpai_language
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
Ronald S. (June 1998). "The Southern Cordilleran Group of Philippine Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 37 (1). University of Hawai'i Press: 120–177. doi:10
Iwaak_language
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Sulawesi languages. In: J.N.Sneddon (ed.), Studies in Sulawesi linguistics part 1, 1–17. (NUSA: Linguistic Studies of Indonesian and Other Languages in Indonesia
Maiwa_language_(Sulawesi)
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
an Austronesian language of the northern tip of Sulawesi, Indonesia. It belongs to the Minahasan branch of the Philippine languages. Tonsea at Ethnologue
Tonsea_language
Endangered Austronesian language of Indonesia
Salas is a nearly extinct language of Seram, Indonesia. Salas at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) v t e
Salas_language
Central Malayo-Polynesian language
Adonara is a Central Malayo-Polynesian language of the island of Adonara and the eastern end of the neighbouring island of Solor, both situated east of
Adonara_language
Austronesian language spoken in Flores, Indonesia
Riung is a language of central Flores, in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. It has sometimes been considered a dialect of Manggarai to the west,
Riung_language
Austronesian language spoken in Flores, Indonesia
Austronesian language family. Sikka is notable for being one of the few languages which contain a non-allophonic labiodental flap. Like many other languages in
Sikka_language
Manobo language spoken in the Philippines
The Kamigin language, Kinamigin (Quinamiguin) is a Manobo language spoken on the island of Camiguin in the Philippines. It is declining as most inhabitants
Kamigin_language
Austronesian language spoken in Maluku, Indonesia
Yalahatan is an Austronesian language spoken on Seram Island (Indonesia) in Yalahatan and Haruru villages, and hamlet of Awaiya in Tananahu village. It
Yalahatan_language
Language
languages. Kalumpang at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Friberg, Timothy; Laskowske, Thomas V. (1989). "South Sulawesi languages"
Kalumpang_language
Timoric language spoken in East Timor
language is one of the Timor–Babar group of Austronesian languages. It is one of the national languages designated by the constitution of East Timor. Because
Galoli_language
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
Wejewa (Weyewa, Wewewa) is an Austronesian language spoken on Sumba, Indonesia. The phonemes /c ʄ/ are very rare, occurring in four words in total. Wejewa
Wejewa_language
Language in Indonesia
Bilba (Belubaa) is a Central Malayo-Polynesian language of Roti Island, off Timor, Indonesia. Bilba at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Bilba_language
Language spoken in Indonesia
Lamalera is a Central Malayo-Polynesian language of the island of Lembata, east of Flores in Indonesia. Lamalera at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription
Lamalera_language
Kwerbic language spoken in Indonesia
Kauwera is a Papuan language of Indonesia. Kauwera, Kabera at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) v t e
Kauwera_language
Austronesian language spoken in Sumatra, Indonesia
Kubu is a Malayic language spoken in the southern swamps of the island of Sumatra in Indonesia by the Kubu people (Orang Rimba), many of whom are nomadic
Kubu_language
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
the Southern Cordilleran languages of the Northern Luzon languages, which in turn is part of the Malayo-Polynesian languages. Kalanguya (also called Ikalahan
Kalanguya_language
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
The Meso-Cordilleran languages are a group of languages spoken in or near the Cordillera Central mountain range in Northern Luzon. Its speakers are culturally
Meso-Cordilleran_languages
Subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken in Indonesia
The Batak languages (/ˈbatək/ BAT-ək) are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken by the Batak people in the Indonesian province of North Sumatra
Batak_languages
Language in Indonesia
language". Antara News. Retrieved 2026-04-27. Foley, William A. (2018). "The languages of Northwest New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages
Nimboran_language
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
West Lembata, also known as Mingar, is a Central Malayo-Polynesian language of the island of Lembata, east of Flores in Indonesia. Mingar at Ethnologue
Mingar_language
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Bolango is a Philippine language spoken in North-eastern Sulawesi Indonesia. In 1981 it was spoken by some 20,000 people, 5,000 in Bolango and 15,000 in
Bolango_language
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Saluan, also known as Loinang after one of its dialects, is the main language spoken by the Saluan people on the eastern peninsula of the island of Sulawesi
Saluan_language
Language spoken in Indonesia
but distinct from Highland Konjo, which also belongs to the Makassaric languages. The following sound inventory is based on Friberg & Friberg (1991). The
Coastal_Konjo_language
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
reflected as "hên" after words ending in vowels in slow careful speech. Languages of the Philippines Storck & Storck (2005). Eberhard, David M.; Simons
Antsi_language
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
The Topoiyo language is an Austronesian language of West Sulawesi, Indonesia spoken by people in Tabolang Village, Topoyo District, Central Mamuju Regency
Topoiyo_language
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Batui is an Austronesian language spoken by a small group of people on the eastern peninsula of the island of Sulawesi. Batui at Ethnologue (16th ed.,
Batui_language
Language of West New Guinea
Pauwasi language in Keerom Regency, Papua Province. It has only 25% lexical similarity with Zorop, the most distinct Eastern Pauwasi language. North Emem
Emem_language
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
The Orang Laut language or Loncong, is one of the Malayic languages. It is one of several native languages of Orang Laut ('Sea People') of the Bangka
Loncong_language
Apo Duat language spoken in Borneo
one of the remoter languages of Borneo, on the Sarawak–Kalimantan border. The language is known as hmeu Saʼban in the Saʼban language. Saʼban is a member
Saʼban_language
Language
Semandang, or Onya Darat, is a Dayak language of Borneo. In 2020, the original ISO 639-3 code for Semandang was split into three separate codes for Beginci
Semandang_language
Dutch language has also had a significant influence and contributed a large number of vocabulary words to Indonesian, Javanese, and other languages in Indonesia
Dutch_language_in_Indonesia
Austronesian language spoken in Kalimantan, Indonesia
an Austronesian (Dayak) language spoken in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Apart from Taman, it is not close to other languages on Borneo, but rather belongs
Embaloh_language
North Halmahera language spoken in Indonesia
Klamer, Marian (2018). "The Papuan languages of East Nusantara and the Bird's Head". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea
Sahu_language
Austronesian language primarily spoken in the islands of Samar and Eastern Leyte
southern parts of Leyte island. It is the third most spoken language among the Bisayan languages, only behind Cebuano and Hiligaynon. The term Waray comes
Waray_language
Group of Malayic languages
The Musi languages consists of a collection of closely related Malayic varieties spoken in the eastern and northern regions of South Sumatra, as well
Musi_languages
Austronesian language spoken in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Soriente, Antonia (2015). "The Languages and Peoples of the Müller Mountains and the Origins of Borneo's Nomads and their Languages". Wacana. 16: 339–354. doi:10
Aoheng_language
Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia
Lauje is a Celebic language of Sulawesi in Indonesia. Ampibabo, spoken in Ampibabo District, may be a separate language. Lauje at Ethnologue (18th ed.
Lauje_language
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Andio (Andio’o), or Masama, is an Austronesian language spoken at the tip of the eastern peninsula of the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia in two villages
Andio_language
Endangered Papuan language of Indonesia
Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Indonesia languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International. Paradisec's
Woria_language
Austronesian language spoken in Maluku, Indonesia
Latu is an Austronesian language spoken on Seram Island in the Moluccas in eastern Indonesia. It is linguistically close to Saparua. Latu at Ethnologue
Latu_language
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
Yerisiam or Iresim is an Austronesian language in the Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) language group of Indonesian Papua. It is closely related to Yaur and
Yerisiam_language
Language
Kayan Mekam or Bahau (Kajan) is a Kayanic language of Borneo. Bahau at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) v t e
Bahau_language
Austronesian language spoken in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Krio Dayak is a Kayan language of the Krio Dayak people in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Krio Dayak at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Krio_Dayak_language
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
New Guinea, Indonesia. It is one of the South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages. Ansus at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Look up
Ansus_language
Sign language group of Indonesia
this, Isma (2012), found that the sign languages of Jakarta and Yogyakarta are related but distinct languages, that they remain 65% lexically cognate
Indonesian_Sign_Language
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