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Meteorological instrumentation
A scatterometer or diffusionmeter is a scientific instrument to measure the return of a beam of light or radar waves scattered by diffusion in a medium
Scatterometer
Earth observation satellite
The NASA QuikSCAT (Quick Scatterometer) was an Earth observation satellite carrying the SeaWinds scatterometer. Its primary mission was to measure the
QuikSCAT
Indian Earth observation satellite
ScatSat-1 (Scatterometer Satellite-1) was a satellite providing weather forecasting, cyclone prediction, and tracking services to India. It has been developed
ScatSat-1
Use of radar systems mounted on satellites
ocean topography a wind scatterometer to measure wind speed and direction After Seasat, SARs, altimeters and scatterometers have been flown on several
Space-based_radar
Largest ocean on Earth
Ocean Surface Current Analyses – Realtime (OSCAR) Near-realtime Pacific Ocean Surface Currents derived from satellite altimeter and scatterometer data
Pacific_Ocean
Rapidly rotating storm system
agencies that are issuing estimates on the same system. The ASCAT is a scatterometer used by the MetOp satellites to map the wind field vectors of tropical
Tropical_cyclone
Category 5 Pacific hurricane in 1973
the air was done in order to allow comparisons. Skylab also used a scatterometer on the hurricane, but the data was degraded. Pilot Joseph Kerwin described
Hurricane_Ava
Tropical Depression One-E after its cloud pattern had improved and scatterometer data identified a closed low-level circulation. The next day, the depression
2026_Pacific_hurricane_season
Wind speed instrument (2014–2016)
September 2014 and operated until August 2016. ISS-RapidScat was a scatterometer designed to support weather forecasting by bouncing microwaves off the
ISS-RapidScat
2021 Antarctica breakaway iceberg
derived from ASCAT and OSCAT-2**". NASA Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder. 10 November 2023. Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder Antarctic iceberg
Iceberg_A-76
Indian space scientist
Kiran Kumar (2014). "Cross Calibration of the OceanSAT -2 Scatterometer With QuikSCAT Scatterometer Using Natural Terrestrial Targets". Research Gate. Retrieved
A._S._Kiran_Kumar
American ocean observation satellite (1978)
altimeter to measure spacecraft height above the ocean surface Microwave scatterometer to measure wind speed and direction Scanning multichannel microwave
Seasat
Theoretical relationship in oceanography
top panel) from the European Remote-Sensing Satellite ERS-1 and 2 Scatterometers on a 1 degree grid, averaged over 1991-2000, distributed by EUMETSAT
Sverdrup_balance
Indian Earth observation satellite
ocean-related studies, namely, Ocean Colour Monitor-2 (OCM-2), an OceanSat Scatterometer by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and an instrument called
Oceansat-2
Violent mountain-gap wind traveling through Chivela Pass
Tehuantepec. These winds can be observed on satellite pictures such as scatterometer wind measurements, they influence waves which then propagate as swell
Tehuantepecer
European weather satellite
imaging-focused B-type of the MetOp-SG series. It carries five instruments: a scatterometer for observing ocean-surface wind and soil moisture (SCA), a radio occultation
MetOp-SG_B1
Prefecture of Japan
"Characteristics of the Yamase Winds Over Oceans Around Japan Observed by the Scatterometer-Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds". Journal of the Meteorological Society
Aomori_Prefecture
Phase of a spacecraft project
McKay (right) at Kennedy Space Center with ISS-RapidScat, the radar scatterometer which was built at JPL. Specifically, they were testing the rotating
ATLO
Concept for ocean circulation models
resting ocean wind stress. Data for relative wind stress is obtained from scatterometers. These accurately represent the relative wind stress as they measure
Relative_wind_stress
began organizing halfway between Africa and the Leeward Islands. Per scatterometer data, the wave attained gale-force winds on 16 September. On 17 September
2025 Atlantic hurricane season
2025_Atlantic_hurricane_season
tropical storm through the Dvorak technique. At 23:30 UTC that day, scatterometer data revealed that 96C attained peak winds of 45 miles per hour (72 km/h)
2018_Pacific_hurricane_season
moved rapidly westward under the influence of a subtropical ridge. Scatterometer passes indicating a closed circulation confirmed that Tropical Storm
2013 Atlantic hurricane season
2013_Atlantic_hurricane_season
European Space Agency Earth-observing satellite program
detect changes in surface heights with sub-millimeter precision. Wind Scatterometer used to calculate information on wind speed and direction. MWR is a
European Remote-Sensing Satellite
European_Remote-Sensing_Satellite
Maritime patrol and anti-submarine aircraft family
NASA's 2-DSTAR, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) polarimetric scatterometer (POLSCAT) instruments. United States Department of Homeland Security
Lockheed_P-3_Orion
Wind in areas near the Adriatic Sea
Stefano Zecchetto; Francesco De Biasio; Marco Bajo (2005). "Features of Scatterometer Wind Observations in the Adriatic Sea". In Fletcher, Caroline A.; Spencer
Bora_(wind)
Indian class of oceanography satellites
(Scanning scatterometer) on Oceansat-2 became dysfunctional after its life span of four-and-a-half years. SCATSAT carries a Ku-band scatterometer similar
Oceansat
at 11:00 UTC the system developed a well-defined circulation as a scatterometer pass showed that it was producing near tropical storm-force winds. Thus
2021_Pacific_hurricane_season
Material that scatters light in optics
it receives. A reflective diffuser can be easily characterised by a scatterometer. A diffractive diffuser is a kind of diffractive optical element (DOE)
Diffuser_(optics)
Derelict Japanese Earth observation satellite
radiometer with CCD detectors, was also produced by NASDA. The NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT), developed with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), used fan-beam
ADEOS_I
Suspension of objects using sound waves
Salmi A., Penttilä A., Kassamakov I., Hæggström E., Muinonen K. 4π Scatterometer: A new technique for understanding the general and complete scattering
Acoustic_levitation
Earth observation satellite of India
Geocentric orbit Regime Sun-synchronous orbit Instruments Oceansat Scatterometer (OSCAT-3), The Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM-3), a Sea Surface Temperature
EOS-10
American oceanographer (1954–2020)
Scatterometry and led NASA's NSCAT and SeaWinds/ADEOS II space-borne scatterometer instrument development activities, as project scientist (NSCAT) and
Michael Freilich (oceanographer)
Michael_Freilich_(oceanographer)
European intergovernmental organisation
(Advanced Data Collection System) AMSU-A1 and AMSU-A2 ASCAT Advanced Scatterometer AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) GOME-2 (Global Ozone
EUMETSAT
1985 Soviet space program with the first balloon flight on Venus
spectrometer IFP aerosol analyzer VM-4 hygrometer ISAV-A nephelometer/scatterometer Malakhit-V mass spectrometer ISAV-S UV spectrometer GZU VB-02 drill
Vega_program
Cyclone season in Australia
10-minute sustained winds of 40 kn (75 km/h; 45 mph), according to scatterometer passes. Sea surface temperatures around 28 °C (82 °F), low wind shear
2021–22 Australian region cyclone season
2021–22_Australian_region_cyclone_season
Pacific typhoon in 2026
eyewall, leaving a moat. As Sinlaku neared the island of Saipan, a scatterometer passing directly over the storm's center revealed winds of gale-force
Typhoon_Sinlaku_(2026)
North Indian Ocean cyclone in 2013
dislocated from the deepest convection, the system further intensified and a scatterometer pass from the Oceansat-2 satellite indicated winds up to 65 km/h (40 mph)
Cyclone_Viyaru
Cyclone season in Australia
strong easterly vertical wind shear disrupting its structure, with scatterometer passes showing an elongated system. By 02:00 UTC on 23 February, the
2024–25 Australian region cyclone season
2024–25_Australian_region_cyclone_season
(370 km) east-southeast of the easternmost Cabo Verde Islands. Although scatterometer data suggested the possibility of gale-force winds within the thunderstorms
2020 Atlantic hurricane season
2020_Atlantic_hurricane_season
Iranian American scientist (1946–2023)
Upon his return to JPL, he became the project manager for the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) project aimed at space-based radar measurement of winds over
Firouz_Naderi
Measure of aircraft visual distance
instrumented runway visual range (IRVR), which is measured by devices called scatterometers which provide simplified installation as they are integrated units and
Runway_visual_range
pressure. The low-pressure area further organized, with satellite and scatterometer data later showing the system had developed a well-defined closed circulation
2023_Pacific_hurricane_season
Prefecture capital and Core city in Tōhoku, Japan
"Characteristics of the Yamase Winds over Oceans around Japan Observed by the Scatterometer-Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds". Journal of the Meteorological Society
Aomori
the next day, based on an increase in deep convection and an advanced scatterometer (ASCAT) pass which indicated that it was producing minimal tropical-storm-force
2017 Atlantic hurricane season
2017_Atlantic_hurricane_season
1902 mountaineering disaster in Japan
"Characteristics of the Yamase Winds over Oceans around Japan Observed by the Scatterometer-Derived Ocean Surface Vector Winds". Journal of the Meteorological Society
Hakkōda_Mountains_disaster
Atlantic tropical storm
center due to strong upper-level wind shear. Nevertheless, an advanced scatterometer pass discovered peak winds of 40 mph (64 km/h) – tropical storm-force
Tropical_Storm_Danny_(2021)
Description of radar types, purposes and specifications
details Automatic Radar Plotting Aid Low probability of intercept Radar scatterometer Radar tracker List of military electronics of the United States "AN/PPS-5B
List_of_radar_types
South-West Indian cyclone in 2018
upgraded the system to a tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on 3 March, based on scatterometer data, upon which it received the name Dumazile. Modest strengthening
Cyclone_Dumazile
reaching the Gulf of Mexico, a low-pressure formed on October 24. After scatterometer data and satellite imagery indicated the presence of a closed circulation
2019 Atlantic hurricane season
2019_Atlantic_hurricane_season
organized, area of convection the following day. A post-season analysis of scatterometer data revealed that the depression became a tropical storm by early morning
2024_Pacific_hurricane_season
South-West Indian Ocean cyclone in 2017
low-level center was becoming more well defined. Further observations from scatterometer data suggested the system's center was no longer elongated, and the
Cyclone_Ava
Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 2012
began to regain deep convection. Geostationary satellite imagery and scatterometer data indicated that the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm
Hurricane_Nadine
storm began to strengthen significantly by October 1, with an Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) pass on the following day confirming that Philippe was a strong
2011 Atlantic hurricane season
2011_Atlantic_hurricane_season
track westward and eventually west-northwestward. By May 22, however, scatterometer data began to indicate that the system was becoming better defined,
2014_Pacific_hurricane_season
roughly 80 mi (130 km) east of the Nicaragua–Honduras border. ASCAT scatterometer data shortly thereafter resulted in the depression being upgraded to
2014 Atlantic hurricane season
2014_Atlantic_hurricane_season
Earth observation satellite launched by India
(462.1 mi) Inclination 98.4° Period 99.5 minutes Instruments Oceansat Scatterometer (OSCAT-3), The Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM-3), a Sea Surface Temperature
Oceansat-3
Category 4 severe tropical cyclone in 2017
center with banding features forming around its periphery. Satellite scatterometer data showed an area of gale-force winds along the north-eastern side
Cyclone_Hola
Pacific typhoon in 2023
The same day, the depression upgraded to a tropical storm after a scatterometer pass revealed winds of 65 km/h (40 mph) in the southwest quadrant, as
Typhoon_Mawar
NASA official
radar. From 1983 to 1988, he was the project engineer for the NASA Scatterometer. He was principal investigator for an airborne rain mapping radar, an
Fuk_Li
Category 2 Pacific hurricane in 2021
Shower activity gradually became better organized, although an advanced scatterometer pass early on October 22 revealed that the system had not developed
Hurricane_Rick_(2021)
of SSM/I derived winds, and rain-flagging algorithm for the QuikScat scatterometer. He is best known for his work with Frank Wentz in developing a satellite
Carl_Mears
Type of satellite designed to record the state of the Earth's atmosphere
active instruments ranging in design from imagers and sounders to a scatterometer and a radio-occultation instrument. The satellite service module is
Weather_satellite
air, and an otherwise disheveled satellite appearance, an advanced scatterometer (ASCAT) pass indicated a maximum sustained wind speed of 50 mph (80 km/h)
2016 Atlantic hurricane season
2016_Atlantic_hurricane_season
Dvorak intensity observations and surface wind data from satellite scatterometer confirmed that the depression further intensified to the eighth tropical
2021_Pacific_typhoon_season
became a depression and drifted around for another day. On 4 January, scatterometer data at 1330 UTC indicated the presence of 30-35 mph winds over the
1997–98 Australian region cyclone season
1997–98_Australian_region_cyclone_season
Category 4 Pacific hurricane in 2020
development were gradually raised. This organization was followed by a scatterometer pass which indicated the system had a well-defined, closed low level
Hurricane_Douglas_(2020)
Large-scale southwesterly flow prompted the system to move slowly northeast. Scatterometer data indicated the depression soon strengthened into a tropical storm
2010_Pacific_hurricane_season
depression to a tropical storm after European Space Agency's Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) suggested that the cyclone was a tropical storm. Was upgraded
List of unnamed tropical cyclones
List_of_unnamed_tropical_cyclones
Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 2025
began organizing halfway between Africa and the Leeward Islands. Per scatterometer data, the wave attained gale-force winds on 16 September. On 17 September
Hurricane_Gabrielle_(2025)
Function of four real variables that defines how light is reflected at an opaque surface
the BRDF models. A fast way to measure BRDF or BTDF is a conoscopic scatterometer The advantage of this measurement instrument is that a near-hemispheric
Bidirectional reflectance distribution function
Bidirectional_reflectance_distribution_function
Assembly method for minute structures
much time and is also labor-intensive. On the other hand, the optical scatterometer-based metrology is a non-invasive technique and has very high throughput
Directed assembly of micro- and nano-structures
Directed_assembly_of_micro-_and_nano-structures
Pacific typhoon in 2017
upgraded the system to a tropical depression early on July 26, after scatterometer data and the Dvorak technique revealed sufficient organization. Soon
Typhoon_Nesat_(2017)
(29.4 inHg) 18 hours later. Just after 12:00 UTC on October 5, ASCAT scatterometer and satellite data indicated that Oscar degenerated into a trough while
2012 Atlantic hurricane season
2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season
Category 1 Pacific hurricane in 2021
a developing closed circulation on the system. With the additional scatterometer data retrieved from the disturbance and Dvorak ratings of T2.0, along
Hurricane_Pamela
system by absorbing the previous two circulations. On November 21, two scatterometer passes revealed a single, well-defined low with gale-force winds underneath
2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
2020_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season
(i) quantum sufficit (Latin, "as much as suffices") QSCAT – (p) Quick Scatterometer satellite QSL – (i) Québec Sign Language QSO – (i) Quasi-Stellar Object
List_of_acronyms:_Q
Agency's decision to rename the cyclone was the best choice. Also, a scatterometer pass near 0500 UTC on July 23 indicated an open wave with no closed
2000_Pacific_typhoon_season
Iowa State University of Science and Technology. "QuikSCAT/SeaWinds Scatterometer on 6 November 2006". Center for Satellite Applications and Research
2006_Pacific_typhoon_season
and mobile detectors obtain the direction and severity of lightning. Scatterometers and transmissometers, where the extinction of a visual signal through
Present_weather_sensor
North Atlantic Ocean research project
vertical structure are estimated via Ekman transports by satellite scatterometer measurements and the geostrophic and direct current observations. RAPID-MOCHA
Rapid Climate Change-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array
Rapid_Climate_Change-Meridional_Overturning_Circulation_and_Heatflux_Array
Device used to identify the presence and the amount of specific molecules in a medium
radiation Spectrometer, to analyze spectrum of electromagnetic radiation Scatterometer, to measure scattered radiation Microfluorimetry, to measure fluorescence
Fluorometer
acquisition, microwave remote sensing laboratory (anechoic chamber, mobile scatterometer), remote sensing digital photographic laboratory and remote sensing
Malaysian Remote Sensing Agency
Malaysian_Remote_Sensing_Agency
Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 2020
was confined to a rainband well to the northwest of the storm's core. Scatterometer data indicate the system continued producing tropical storm-force winds
Hurricane_Iota
winds of 65 km/h (40 mph). This was based on an image from the advanced scatterometer, which showed winds of 65–75 km/h (40–45 mph) along the system's western
2015_Pacific_typhoon_season
Category 2 Atlantic hurricane
after. The next day, convective activity became better defined, but scatterometer data did not yet confirm a closed circulation. However, intense storms
Hurricane_Ernesto_(2024)
Pacific typhoon in 2021
trough, while convective bursts occurred around the system. An advanced scatterometer pass featured below gale-force winds on its northwest quadrant. The
Typhoon_Rai
Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 2020
intrusion. At 18:00 UTC on October 4, analysis of satellite imagery and scatterometer data found a well-defined circulation center sustaining sufficiently-organized
Hurricane_Delta
Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 2011
September 19. Following satellite trends and data from the Advanced Scatterometer, the disturbance was upgraded to a tropical depression at 1800 UTC the
Hurricane_Ophelia_(2011)
Satellite measurement technique
pollution in the upper troposphere. Remote sensing Radio occultation Scatterometer High-resolution dynamics limb sounder "The Earth Observing System Microwave
Microwave_limb_sounder
Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 2019
18:00 UTC on October 25. Despite the increase in organization, data from a scatterometer showed that Pablo had weakened slightly down to 45 mph (72 km/h). The
Hurricane_Pablo
Category 4 Pacific hurricane in 2014
organization and the detection of tropical storm-force winds by the MetOp-B scatterometer. At the time, Iselle was located roughly 1,075 mi (1,730 km) southwest
Hurricane_Iselle
European meteorological satellites
production, rather than EUMETSAT as this is not a weather instrument. Scatterometer: A real-aperture pulsed imaging radar that will provide measurements
MetOp-SG
Derelict Japanese Earth observation satellite
properties of the aerosols and their role in radiation budget. SeaWinds is a scatterometer that provides wind speed and direction by observing the microwave reflection
ADEOS_II
2014 American resupply spaceflight to the ISS
(630 kg) of crew supplies. The cargo included the ISS-RapidScat, a Scatterometer designed to support weather forecasting by bouncing microwaves off the
SpaceX_CRS-4
UTC that day, with cyclone already at tropical storm status, based on scatterometer data and satellite estimates. Strengthening was anticipated due to warm
Meteorological history of Hurricane Irma
Meteorological_history_of_Hurricane_Irma
Category 4 Australian region cyclone in 2017
the system was likely to acquire gale-force winds within 24 hours. A scatterometer pass at 11:56 UTC revealed surface winds of up to 75 km/h (47 mph) and
Cyclone_Debbie
Technology development overview
Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem – NASA Earth observation satellite Scatterometer – Meteorological instrumentation Sea surface temperature – Water temperature
Outline of artificial satellites
Outline_of_artificial_satellites
American engineer (1923-2012)
One of its early inventions was the radar radiometer and later the scatterometer. Such an instrument was flown on Skylab as the S-193 RADSCAT. He served
Richard_Moore_(engineer)
Hierarchical outline list of articles related to oceanography
Oceansat-1 QuikSCAT – An Earth observation satellite carrying the SeaWinds scatterometer to measure the surface wind speed and direction over the ice-free global
Outline_of_oceanography
American aerospace engineer (1939–2016)
that the instrument package containing a radar altimeter, windfield scatterometer, synthetic aperture radar, scanning multichannel microwave radiometer
George_Born
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