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Motivation in human action
Self-interest generally refers to a focus on the needs or desires (interests) of one's self. Most times, actions that display self-interest are often
Self-interest
Ethical philosophy
Enlightened self-interest is a philosophy in ethics which states that persons who act to further the interests of others (or the interests of the group
Enlightened_self-interest
Principle that an action is rational if it maximizes one's self-interest
principle that an action is rational if and only if it maximizes one's self-interest. As such, it is considered a normative form of egoism, though historically
Rational_egoism
Philosophy concerning self-regarding motivations or behaviour
they may be interested in either describing that people do act in self-interest or prescribing that they should. Other definitions of egoism may instead
Egoism
Topics referred to by the same term
interest could involve working against another Point of interest, a specific point location that someone may find useful or interesting Self-interest
Interest_(disambiguation)
View that people should only act in their own self-interest
act in their own self-interest. It differs from psychological egoism, which claims that people can only act in their self-interest. Ethical egoism also
Ethical_egoism
Descriptive ethical view that people are always motivated by self-interest
Psychological egoism is the view that humans are always motivated by self-interest and selfishness, even in what seem to be acts of altruism. It claims
Psychological_egoism
1984 book by Derek Parfit
Parfit's main purpose in Part 2 is to make an argument against self-interest theory. Self-interest theorists consider the differences between different persons
Reasons_and_Persons
British philosopher (1942–2017)
me. In many cases self-interest instructs us precisely not to follow self-interest, thus fitting the definition of an indirectly self-defeating theory
Derek_Parfit
Family of views prioritizing pleasure
October 2024. Itai, Hiroaki (2021). "Bentham on Self-interest: Institutional Control of Self-interest". In Egashira, Susumu; Taishido, Masanori; Hands
Hedonism
Social norm of reciprocating actions
predicted principles of self-interest. However, its prevalence in society allows it to play a key role in the decision-making process of self-interested and other-interested
Reciprocity (social psychology)
Reciprocity_(social_psychology)
Instructional book for solving personal problems
turn, such advice – 'Remember the reality of self-interest' – would be being seriously advocated in the self-help world: in bestsellers like Swim with the
Self-help_book
Generalization theory explaining social behaviour regarding society and economics
meaning of individual self-interest is a combination of economic and psychological needs.[page needed] Fulfilling self-interest is often common within
Social_exchange_theory
Concept in modern economics
incentives which free markets sometimes create for self-interested people to accidentally act in the public interest, even when this is not something they intended
Invisible_hand
1864 novella by Fyodor Dostoevsky
decide to act in a way that might not be considered to be in their own self-interest; some will do so simply to validate their existence and to protest and
Notes_from_Underground
Philosophical system developed by Ayn Rand
obligation is to achieve his own well-being—it is for his life and his self-interest that an individual ought to obey a moral code. Ethical egoism is a corollary
Objectivism
Situation when a party is involved in multiple interests
interest (COI) is a situation in which a person or organization is involved in multiple interests, financial or otherwise, and serving one interest could
Conflict_of_interest
Psychological term
protected. Generally, an act of self-sacrifice conforms to the rule that it does not serve the person's best self-interest, and will leave the person in
Self-sacrifice
Insincere or strategic display of modesty
motives such as manipulation, self-promotion, or social validation. False humility often disguises arrogance, self-interest, or a desire for praise. In
False_humility
Voluntary giving of help to those in need
those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated
Charity_(practice)
Logical fallacy
rob or murder others is in man’s self-interest—which he must selflessly renounce. The idea that man’s self-interest can be served only by a non-sacrificial
Package-deal_fallacy
Concern for self above that of others
invisible hand saw the economic system as usefully channelling selfish self-interest to wider ends. John Locke, along with Adam Smith, was a key figure in
Selfishness
Ethical belief that actions are morally good only if they benefit others
supported. He believed that individuals had a moral obligation to renounce self-interest and live for others. Comte says, in his Catéchisme Positiviste, that:
Altruism_(ethics)
Personality construct
indifference to morality, lack of empathy, and a calculated focus on self-interest. Psychologists Richard Christie and Florence L. Geis created the construct
Machiavellianism_(psychology)
Theory of perception and cognition biases
postmenopausal effects, the possible projection of sexual and commitment self-interest, and other differences including unrestricted sociosexuality. In the
Error_management_theory
Pejorative epithet for Great Britain
Britain prior to 1801, or England prior to 1707) in their pursuit of self-interest and the expansion of the British Empire. Perfidious means not keeping
Perfidious_Albion
Insatiable longing for material or immaterial gain; avarice
others. Modern economic thought frequently distinguishes greed from self-interest, even in its earliest works, and spends considerable effort distinguishing
Greed
British mediator (born 1953)
disagreements" with the goal of establishing areas of potential mutual self-interest. Rifkind is a graduate of the University of Manchester and the University
Gabrielle_Rifkind
One of Aesop's Fables
cautionary tale on the need for cultivating honesty, even at the price of self-interest. It is also classified as Aarne-Thompson 729: The Axe falls into the
The_Honest_Woodcutter
2023 film by Jonathan Glazer
The Zone of Interest is a 2023 historical drama film written and directed by Jonathan Glazer. Loosely based on the 2014 novel by Martin Amis, the film
The_Zone_of_Interest_(film)
Concept in communication studies
interest (Crano, 1983; Crano & Prislin, 1995; Sivacek & Crano, 1982) is a communication theory that seeks to explain how an attitude of self-interest
Vested interest (communication theory)
Vested_interest_(communication_theory)
Expression for behavior without rule of law
or self-interest in the struggle for survival". The phrase was introduced in Rudyard Kipling's 1894 work The Jungle Book, where it described the self-supportive
Law_of_the_jungle
Goals and ambitions of a state
interest Realpolitik Realism (international relations) Self-interest "national interest". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2024-09-18. "National interest"
National_interest
Cognitive bias
have an egocentric bias that motivates them to do things for their own self-interest rather than for altruistic reasons. Both of these theories, however
Naïve_cynicism
Scottish economist and philosopher (1723–1790)
developed the concept of division of labour and expounded upon how rational self-interest and competition can lead to economic prosperity. Smith was controversial
Adam_Smith
Concept in environmental philosophy
the enlargement of the ego-self to the eco-self results in environmentally responsible behaviour as a form of self-interest. Warwick Fox argued that Næss's
Ecological_self
1997 studio album by Ninety Pound Wuss
Where Meager Die Of Self Interest is the second studio album by American christian punk group Ninety Pound Wuss, released in 1997 through Tooth & Nail
Where Meager Die of Self Interest
Where_Meager_Die_of_Self_Interest
American journalist (born 1949)
Defense of Selfishness: Why the Code of Self-Sacrifice Is Unjust and Destructive; The Foreign Policy of Self-Interest: A Moral Ideal for America; Libertarianism:
Peter_Schwartz_(writer)
Overview of and topical guide to self
Self-development Self-discipline Self-disclosure Self-discovery Self-efficacy Self-enhancement Self-estimated Self-gratification Self-help Self-interest Self-justification
Outline_of_self
American political strategist (born 1970)
organized conspiracy for the purposes of maintaining power for self-interest, and the self-interest of its donor class ... It's no longer dedicated to American
Steve_Schmidt
Commedia dell'arte character
situation and who fears no consequences. His main motivations are self-interest and self-preservation, yet Pulcinella tends to rescue other characters from
Pulcinella
Case law-derived doctrine in corporations law
prohibition against self-interest transactions. Conflicting interest transactions occur when a director, who has a conflicting interest with respect to a
Business_judgment_rule
Types of social ties by Ferdinand Tönnies
types. The Gesellschaft is associated with modern society and rational self-interest, which weakens the traditional bonds of family and local community that
Gemeinschaft_and_Gesellschaft
climate change can threaten their self-interest and compromise their psychological integrity. The threat to self-interest can often result in ‘denialism’
Psychology of climate change denial
Psychology_of_climate_change_denial
Idea that refutes itself
negatively placed, such that it is not, in fact, in the egoist's rational self-interest to take things to such extremes. However, the (unregulated) tragedy
Self-refuting_idea
Inner state causing goal-directed behavior
tune with self-interest while irrational behavior goes against self-interest. For example, based on the assumption that it is in the self-interest of firms
Motivation
English writer and journalist (born 1961)
an interest in works of science fiction such as Frank Herbert's Dune and the works of J. G. Ballard and Philip K. Dick. Into his teenage years, Self claimed
Will_Self
Commitment or expectation to act
non-performance. Performing one's duty may require some sacrifice of self-interest. A sense-of-duty is also a virtue or personality trait that characterizes
Duty
1997 Black Comedy Film
States as a result of unsustainably excessive immigration, political self-interest, and ratings-pursuing news media. The film stars James Earl Jones, Elizabeth
The_Second_Civil_War
Person active in politics
their use and exploitation of power to achieve self interest. Ideally, they prioritize the public interest over their own profit. Challenges include how
Politician
2016 book by Arlie Russell Hochschild
environmental regulation in this area, despite what would seem to be the self-interest of its residents. Hochschild's research led her to focus on the cultural
Strangers_in_Their_Own_Land
"Common well-being" or "general welfare"
Pareto optimality Public interest technology Public opinion Radio Act of 1927 Telecommunications Act of 1996 Self-interest Social Credit System Social
Public_interest
Type of social dilemma
of human cooperation. Hobbes believed that people act purely out of self-interest, writing in Leviathan in 1651 that "if any two men desire the same thing
Collective_action_problem
Feeling that causes attention to focus on an object, event or process
(sexual) interest needs to be measured, the changes in pupil size – despite its weaker, but still consistent, correlations with other measures such as self-reported
Interest_(emotion)
Season of television series
The first season of the American television series Person of Interest premiered on September 22, 2011, and ended on May 17, 2012. The season is produced
Person_of_Interest_season_1
Excessive desire to acquire and consume material goods
"Success materialism" can be considered a pragmatic form of enlightened self-interest based on a prudent understanding of the character of market-oriented
Economic_materialism
Taking advantage of circumstances
advantage when an opportunity presents itself, putting self-interest ahead of some other interest, in a way contrary either to a previously established
Opportunism
Groups working or acting together
invariably leads individuals to inculcate social interest and the common good to help them achieve self-realization. Cooperation is common in non-human
Cooperation
Russian-American writer (1905–1982)
the demonstration of a new moral philosophy: the morality of rational self-interest". It advocates the core tenets of Rand's philosophy of Objectivism and
Ayn_Rand
1874 book by Henry Sidgwick
require the sacrifice of self-interest (e.g., giving up one's life to save a fellow soldier). The only way duty and self-interest necessarily overlap is
The_Methods_of_Ethics
Motivation for businesses to maximize profits
around the clock." Economist Milton Friedman has argued that greed and self-interest are universal human traits. On a 1979 episode of The Phil Donahue Show
Profit_motive
Topics referred to by the same term
structural model of the psyche Egoism, an ethical theory that treats self-interest as the foundation of morality Egotism, the drive to maintain and enhance
Ego
Philosophical school founded by Yang Zhu
221 BCE), that believed that human actions are and should be based on self-interest. The school has been described by sinologists as an early form of psychological
Yangism
Metaphor about spiteful attitude
mentality from strategic competition, where actions are calculated for self-interest and personal gain. People's rational behaviors are aimed directly at
Crab_mentality
Political philosophy
compatibility with slavery, inequitable distribution of wealth, economic self-interest, limits on the rights of minorities, and national debt. In the United
Republicanism in the United States
Republicanism_in_the_United_States
School of anarchist thought
liberation and rejects subordination, emphasizing the absolute priority of self-interest. Max Stirner's philosophy is usually called "egoism". He says that the
Egoist_anarchism
Italian-born economist
to donate. Fundraising for the Arts: The Many Forms of Enlightened Self-interest (joint with Andrea Buraschi), European Financial Management, 2014, 20
Francesca_Cornelli
1871–1872 novel by George Eliot
Issues include the status of women, the nature of marriage, idealism, self-interest, religion, hypocrisy, political reform, and education. Leavened with
Middlemarch
Study of the foundations of politics
action. According to realism, political activity is primarily driven by self-interest. It asserts that actors pursue power to expand their sphere of influence
Political_philosophy
Self-monitoring of adherence to standards
those standards. Self-regulation may ease compliance and ownership of standards, but it can also give rise to conflicts of interest. If any organization
Industry_self-regulation
Overuse of a shared resource
Hardin also pointed out the problem of individuals acting in rational self-interest by claiming that if all members in a group used common resources for
Tragedy_of_the_commons
Idiom
metaphor for a situation in which a choice made is clearly against one's self-interest. In the United Kingdom, turkeys are commonly eaten as part of the English
Turkeys_voting_for_Christmas
Economic inefficiency
gain in response to interference by special interest groups. Interference can lead to market failures. The self-interests of a politician may undermine fair
Government_failure
Offensive personality types
indifference to morality, lack of empathy, and a calculated focus on self-interest. Psychopathy is characterized by continuous antisocial behavior, impulsivity
Dark_triad
Economic theory applied to political science
elected officials, bureaucrats, and other government agents' perceived self-interest can influence their decisions. Economist James M. Buchanan received
Public_choice
1974 United Kingdom company case law
assert, that the absence of any element of self-interest is enough to make an issue valid. Self-interest is only one, though no doubt the commonest,
Howard Smith Ltd v Ampol Petroleum Ltd
Howard_Smith_Ltd_v_Ampol_Petroleum_Ltd
Internet-based advertising program
AdChoices is a self-regulatory program for online interest-based advertising that exists in the United States, Canada and across Europe. The program calls
AdChoices
German philosopher (1806–1856)
and rational egoism. Unlike the self-interest described by Ayn Rand, Stirner did not address individual self-interest, selfishness, or prescriptions for
Max_Stirner
Theory of international relations
supranational international authority, states act in their own self-interest, and states want power for self-preservation. Classical realism differs from other forms
Classical realism (international relations)
Classical_realism_(international_relations)
Topics referred to by the same term
organizing, in which communities come together to act in their shared self-interest Professional organizing, an industry build around creating organizational
Organizing
Professional fraud
self-dealing, an officeholder's official role allows her to affect one or more of her own personal interests." It is a form of conflict of interest.
Self-dealing
Pain at the sight of another's good fortune
(2017-08-01). "Support for redistribution is shaped by compassion, envy, and self-interest, but not a taste for fairness". Proceedings of the National Academy
Envy
Concept regarding the moral worth of the individual
Negative and positive rights Non-aggression principle Personalism Self-help Self-interest Self-sustainability Social issue Voluntaryism "s.v. individualism"
Individualism
American economist (1926–2026)
opposing regulation and stated, "Those of us who have looked to the self-interest of lending institutions to protect shareholders' equity—myself especially—are
Alan_Greenspan
German philosopher and poet (1841–1876)
type of self-interest. Ignorant self-interest seeks to promote itself and capitalize on its will-to-live. In contrast, enlightened self-interest humbles
Philipp_Mainländer
1776 economics book by Adam Smith
Country: Smith often harshly criticised those who act purely out of self-interest and greed, and warns that, ...[a]ll for ourselves, and nothing for other
The_Wealth_of_Nations
School of economic thought
primarily from the motivations and actions of individuals along with their self-interest. Austrian-school theorists hold that economic theory should be exclusively
Austrian_school_of_economics
American media executive (born 1951)
of speech, or of the press, except in one's political or financial self-interest'". Kimmel was later allowed to return to the air. Iger, Robert (September
Bob_Iger
American punk rock band
Christian punk scene with their self-titled debut (1996). The release of their second album, Where Meager Die Of Self Interest (1997) saw the band's sound
Ninety_Pound_Wuss
Type of game involving individual competition
recall: each player remembers their decisions and known information. Self-interest: each player does not consider the effect of actions on the others but
Non-cooperative_game_theory
Self-protein refers to all proteins endogenously produced by DNA-level transcription and translation within an organism of interest. This does not include
Self-protein
Drive to maintain and enhance favorable views of oneself
rather than for oneself – and from egoism, the constant pursuit of one's self-interest. Various forms of "empirical egoism" have been considered consistent
Egotism
Countermeasure to defend oneself against harm
personal empowerment through training in boxing and jiu-jitsu. Interest in women's self-defense paralleled subsequent waves of the women's rights movement
Self-defense
Overview of and topical guide to ethics
sacrifice of self-interest Ethical egoism – the normative ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interest Deontological
Outline_of_ethics
Capacity for introspection and individuation as a subject
In the philosophy of self, self-awareness is the awareness and reflection of one's own personality or individuality, including traits, feelings, and behaviors
Self-awareness
Movement of people who track themselves with body-related data
makers of self-tracking tools who share an interest in "self-knowledge through numbers". Quantified self practices overlap with the practice of lifelogging
Quantified_self
of self-persuasion was that the factors within us determine our decision-making; for example, one's personality, self-esteem, education, or interest. How
Self-persuasion
American political scientist (born 1961)
science at the University of California, Berkeley for thesis titled Self-interest, public opinion, and mass political behavior. Green's career in academia
Donald_Green
Model of humans as rational, self-interested agents
of his analysis of self-interest with the model. Taken in the context of the work as a whole, Smith's discussion of self-interest in The Wealth of Nations
Homo_economicus
Society controlled by the wealthiest citizens
You do it by persuading yourself that what is in your own personal self-interest is in the interests of everybody else. So you persuade yourself that
Plutocracy
SELF INTEREST
SELF INTEREST
Girl/Female
African, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, Greek, Hawaiian, Hebrew
Saviour; Ewe of West Africa; Goddess of the Moon; Cliff; Rock
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of Greek SolomÅn, SELYF means "peaceable."Â
Girl/Female
Hebrew Biblical
Rock.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Sword
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English selle, a rough hut of the type normally occupied by animals, hence a topographic name for someone who lived in a hut like this. In many cases the name may have been in effect a metonymic occupational name for a herdsman.Americanized spelling of Hungarian and Hungarian Jewish Széll, a topographic name for someone who lived in a spot exposed to the wind, from Hungarian szél ‘wind’.German : variant of Selle.
Boy/Male
British, English, Nigerian, Norwegian
Rock
Male
English
(סֶלַע) Anglicized form of Hebrew Cela, SELA means "a rock." In the Old Testament bible, this is the name of the capital city of Edom, possibly an early name for Petra. In use as a unisex name.
Boy/Male
Welsh
peace'.
Girl/Female
Egyptian
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi, Swahili
Sword; Brave; Sword of Religion
Boy/Male
Muslim
Sword
Boy/Male
Indian
Sword
Boy/Male
British, English, Hebrew
A Tree
Boy/Male
Biblical
A rock.
Girl/Female
British, English
Soft
Surname or Lastname
English (East Anglia)
English (East Anglia) : from the Middle English personal name Saulf, Old English Sǣwulf, composed of the elements sǣ ‘sea’ + wulf ‘wolf’.
Biblical
a rock
Male
Yiddish
(סֶעף) Variant spelling of Yiddish Zeff, SEFF means "wolf."
Boy/Male
Hindi
Self.
Female
Egyptian
, a form of Isis.
SELF INTEREST
SELF INTEREST
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Venus.
Girl/Female
Australian, Japanese
Child of Nana
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, French, German, Hebrew, Swedish
Carved Stone; Hostage; Pledge
Boy/Male
American, British, English, German
Famous Ruler; Variant of Roderick
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Unknown
Male
English
Forest Dweller
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Lincolnshire, so named from the Old English personal name Fygla (from fugol ‘bird’) + -inga- ‘of the people of’ + hÄm ‘homestead’.
Boy/Male
Arabic
One who serves the master.
Boy/Male
Danish, Finnish, German, Swedish
Desire; Will; Bright; Will Helmet
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Friend of Love; Loving Friend
SELF INTEREST
SELF INTEREST
SELF INTEREST
SELF INTEREST
SELF INTEREST
n.
The destruction of one's self; self-murder; suicide.
n.
Enjoyment of one's self; self-satisfaction.
a.
Self-repelling.
n.
Faith in one's self; self-reliance.
n.
The act of sacrificing one's self, or one's interest, for others; self-devotion.
n.
Self-deceit.
n.
Self-denial; self-renunciation; self-sacrifice.
n.
Self-love.
n.
Self-devotion.
n.
Imposture practiced on one's self; self-deceit.
n.
The idolizing of one's self; immoderate self-conceit.
a.
Refusing to gratify one's self; self-sacrificing.
n.
Control of one's self; restraint exercised over one's self; self-command.
a.
Dependent on one's self; self-depending; self-reliant.
n.
Self.
a.
Disposed to self-assertion; self-asserting.
n.
The act of estimating one's self; self-esteem.
n.
The act of governing one's self, or the state of being governed by one's self; self-control; self-command.
n.
Restraint over one's self; self-control; self-command.
n.
Self-communion.