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Machine learning technique useful for dimensionality reduction
A self-organizing map (SOM) or self-organizing feature map (SOFM) is an unsupervised machine learning technique used to produce a low-dimensional (typically
Self-organizing_map
Process of forming order by local interactions
biology, from the molecular to the ecosystem level. Cited examples of self-organizing behavior also appear in the literature of many other disciplines, both
Self-organization
Growing variant of a self-organizing map
A growing self-organizing map (GSOM) is a growing variant of a self-organizing map (SOM). The GSOM was developed to address the issue of identifying a
Growing_self-organizing_map
In artificial neural networks, a hybrid Kohonen self-organizing map is a type of self-organizing map (SOM) named for the Finnish professor Teuvo Kohonen
Hybrid Kohonen self-organizing map
Hybrid_Kohonen_self-organizing_map
Projection of data onto lower-dimensional manifolds
theorem Discriminant analysis Elastic map Feature learning Growing self-organizing map (GSOM) Self-organizing map (SOM) Lawrence, Neil D (2012). "A unifying
Nonlinear dimensionality reduction
Nonlinear_dimensionality_reduction
Finnish computer scientist (1934–2021)
Kohonen's most famous contribution is the self-organizing map, or "SOM" (also known as the "Kohonen map" or "Kohonen artificial neural network"; Kohonen
Teuvo_Kohonen
Generative topographic map (GTM) is a machine learning method that is a probabilistic counterpart of the self-organizing map (SOM), is probably convergent
Generative_topographic_map
A self-organizing network (SON) is an automation technology designed to make the planning, configuration, management, optimization and healing of mobile
Self-organizing_network
Classification of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
machines and Products of Experts. The self-organizing map (SOM) uses unsupervised learning. A set of neurons learn to map points in an input space to coordinates
Types of artificial neural networks
Types_of_artificial_neural_networks
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
algorithm GeneRec Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production Growing self-organizing map Hyper basis function network IDistance k-means clustering k-nearest
Outline_of_machine_learning
important factors in its widespread use in large neural networks. Self-organizing maps (SOMs) were described by Teuvo Kohonen in 1982. SOMs are neurophysiologically
History of artificial neural networks
History_of_artificial_neural_networks
algorithm GeneRec Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production Growing self-organizing map ID3 algorithm IDistance k-means++ k-means clustering k-medoids k-nearest
List of artificial intelligence algorithms
List_of_artificial_intelligence_algorithms
Paradigm in machine learning that uses no classification labels
recognition and experiential learning. Among neural network models, the self-organizing map (SOM) and adaptive resonance theory (ART) are commonly used in unsupervised
Unsupervised_learning
Self-organizing map
The U-matrix (unified distance matrix) is a representation of a self-organizing map (SOM) where the Euclidean distance between the codebook vectors of
U-matrix
Embedding of data within a manifold based on a similarity function
(statistics) Manifold hypothesis Nonlinear dimensionality reduction Self-organizing map Liu, Yang; Jun, Eunice; Li, Qisheng; Heer, Jeffrey (June 2019). "Latent
Latent_space
Oxygen needed to remove organics from water
Rabee; Adeloye, Adebayo J.; Scholz, Miklas (2008). "Applying Kohonen Self-Organizing Map as a Software Sensor to Predict Biochemical Oxygen Demand". Water
Biochemical_oxygen_demand
Information without a formal data model
Recent efforts to enforce structure upon biomedical documents include self-organizing map approaches for identifying topics among documents, general-purpose
Unstructured_data
Machine learning framework
Neural Network Radial Basis Function Network Recurrent Self Organizing Map (RSOM) Self Organizing Map (Kohonen) Backpropagation Resilient Propagation (RProp)
Encog
Classical quantization technique from signal processing
the competitive learning paradigm, so it is closely related to the self-organizing map model and to sparse coding models used in deep learning algorithms
Vector_quantization
Artificial neural network
Neural gas is an artificial neural network, inspired by the self-organizing map and introduced in 1991 by Thomas Martinetz and Klaus Schulten. The neural
Neural_gas
Map of customer perceptions
technique to construct this kind of multidimensional perceptual maps is the self-organizing map. This helps pinpoint more variables, allowing for more in-depth
Perceptual_mapping
Vector quantization algorithm minimizing the sum of squared deviations
DBSCAN Head/tail breaks k q-flats k-means++ Linde–Buzo–Gray algorithm Self-organizing map Kriegel, Hans-Peter; Schubert, Erich; Zimek, Arthur (2016). "The
K-means_clustering
Physical implementation of an artificial neural network with optical components
neural networks include the Hopfield neural network and the Kohonen self-organizing map with liquid crystal spatial light modulators Optical neural networks
Optical_neural_network
Form of unsupervised learning in artificial neural networks
principle of competitive learning include vector quantization and self-organizing maps (Kohonen maps). There are three basic elements to a competitive learning
Competitive_learning
Topics referred to by the same term
architecture (simulation) System on module, in computer embedded systems Self-organizing map, neural network in machine learning IBM System Object Model, a programming
Som
Analysis of potential system failures
Lee; Pang, Lie Meng; Tay, Kai Meng (March 2017). "Application of Self-Organizing Map to Failure Modes and Effects Analysis Methodology" (PDF). Neurocomputing
Failure mode and effects analysis
Failure_mode_and_effects_analysis
Quantum interpretation of neuroscience
mysticism – Pseudoscience claiming to build on quantum mechanics Self-organizing map – Machine learning technique useful for dimensionality reduction
Holonomic_brain_theory
Non-parametric classification method
skew is by abstraction in data representation. For example, in a self-organizing map (SOM), each node is a representative (a center) of a cluster of similar
K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm
Concept in physics
Self-organized criticality (SOC) is a property of dynamical systems that have a critical point as an attractor. Their macroscopic behavior thus displays
Self-organized_criticality
winner-take-all Hebbian learning-based approach. It is a precursor to self-organizing maps (SOM) and related to neural gas and the k-nearest neighbor algorithm
Learning_vector_quantization
Publication ranking national happiness based on respondent ratings of their lives
Sustainable Development Solutions Network The Guardian 20 March 2017 Interactive map of countries by happiness score as well as GDP, life expectancy, generosity
World_Happiness_Report
Type of artificial neural network
neural network Deep learning Pattern recognition Receptive field Self-organizing map Unsupervised learning Fukushima, Kunihiko (October 1979).
Neocognitron
Grouping a set of objects by similarity
Neural models: the most well-known unsupervised neural network is the self-organizing map and these models can usually be characterized as similar to one or
Cluster_analysis
Model of how neurons in the brain or artificial neural networks learn over time
algorithm Independent components analysis Principal component analysis Self-organizing map Synaptic plasticity Oja, Erkki (November 1982). "Simplified neuron
Oja's_rule
Software that allows a sound card to be used as a data modem
multiple Morse code (CW) signals Decoding of Morse code (CW) by self-organizing map artificial neural network (trained artificial intelligence) The "Fldigi
Fldigi
American scientist (born 1939)
introduced by Grossberg in 1976 into Adaptive Resonance Theory and Self-Organizing Maps for the learning of adaptive filters in these models. This learning
Stephen_Grossberg
Machine learning technique
2007-08-05. George Karimpanal, Thommen; Bouffanais, Roland (2019). "Self-organizing maps for storage and transfer of knowledge in reinforcement learning"
Transfer_learning
Finnish scientist (1962–2020)
their own objects to a database and then organise them by Kohonen Self-Organizing Map algorithm. In 2017 Honkela published a book in Finnish. The book
Timo_Honkela
Cognitive science approach
algorithm Harmonic grammar Machine learning Pandemonium architecture Self-organizing map "Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy". iep.utm.edu. Retrieved 2023-08-19
Connectionism
cinematographic purposes), and pornography filtering are a few examples. A Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was implemented in skin detection using TSL and achieved comparable
TSL_color_space
Field of machine learning
SSRN 3374766. George Karimpanal, Thommen; Bouffanais, Roland (2019). "Self-organizing maps for storage and transfer of knowledge in reinforcement learning"
Reinforcement_learning
network that uses radial basis functions as activation functions Self-organizing map: an unsupervised network that produces a low-dimensional representation
List_of_algorithms
Theory in cognitive science
considered as basic templates. Competitive learning Ensemble learning Self-organizing map Connectionism Feature integration theory Adaptive system Blackboard
Pandemonium_architecture
Mathematical model of memory
Memory-prediction framework Neural coding Neural Turing machine Random indexing Self-organizing map Semantic folding Semantic memory Semantic network Stacked autoencoders
Sparse_distributed_memory
Real-world applications of data mining
safety-related parameters). Data clustering techniques – such as the self-organizing map (SOM), have been applied to vibration monitoring and analysis of
Examples_of_data_mining
Branch of developmental psycholinguistics
195--223. Kohonen, T. (n.d.). The Self-Organizing Map. Zhao, X.; Li, P.; Kohonen, T. (2011). "Contextual self-organizing map: software for constructing semantic
Statistical language acquisition
Statistical_language_acquisition
tree maps, time series forecasting, correlation analysis, outlier detection, decision trees, association rules, clustering, and self-organizing maps. New
Data_Applied
Computer program that modifies other programs to replicate itself and spread
(29 October 2004). "Visualizing windows executable viruses using self-organizing maps". Proceedings of the 2004 ACM workshop on Visualization and data
Computer_virus
Type of reservoir computer
recurrent neural network Reservoir computing: the conceptual framework Self-organizing map LiquidC#: Implementation of topologically robust liquid state machine
Liquid_state_machine
Type of statistics
outliers and missing values from activated sludge data using Kohonen self-organizing map", Journal of Environmental Engineering, 133 (9): 909–916, Bibcode:2007JEnvE
Robust_statistics
Teuvo Kohonen, Finnish researcher, best known for the development of self-organizing map Yrjö Kokko, Finnish writer Janne Kolehmainen, Finnish ice hockey
List_of_Karelians
machine, SOM for the self-organizing maps. The hybrid technology was developed for engineering applications. In this technology, elastic maps are used in combination
Elastic_map
Computational model used in machine learning
Backpropagation, Radial Basis Functions, Recurrent Neural Networks, Self Organizing Maps, Hopfield Networks. Review of Neural Networks in Materials Science
Neural network (machine learning)
Neural_network_(machine_learning)
Topics referred to by the same term
Sofm can refer to: Self-organizing map, a type of artificial neural network (ANN) SofM, a Vietnamese League of Legends player This disambiguation page
Sofm
Information storage system
Holonomic brain theory – Quantum interpretation of neuroscience Self-organizing map – Machine learning technique useful for dimensionality reduction
Holographic associative memory
Holographic_associative_memory
Overview of and topical guide to algorithms
Principal component analysis Independent component analysis Autoencoder Self-organizing map Reinforcement learning Q-learning State–action–reward–state–action
Outline_of_algorithms
Design, construction, use, and application of robots
Geoffrey (1 May 2008). "Environment classification using Kohonen self-organizing maps". Expert Systems. 25 (2): 98–114. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0394.2008.00441
Robotics
Principle applied in computational models of neural networks
technology and firms will fall further behind. See First-mover advantage. Self-organizing map Winner-take-all in action selection Zero instruction set computer
Winner-take-all_(computing)
Artificial model of cognition
Mechanism. Paper presented at the Proceedings of WSOM '03: Workshop for Self-Organizing Maps, Kitakyushu, Japan Maes, P. 1989. How to do the right thing. Connection
LIDA_(cognitive_architecture)
Interdisciplinary field of study
component analysis (PCA) DBSCAN k-means clustering OPTICS Cobweb model Self-organizing map (SOM) Expectation Maximization Hierarchical Clustering AutoClass
Astroinformatics
River in Ghana and Ivory Coast
assemblages in the Bia river-lake system (south-eastern Ivory Coast): A self-organizing map approach. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 25, Article
Bia_River
Theory of motivation
(2022-06-20). "Optimizing future well-being with artificial intelligence: self-organizing maps (SOMs) for the identification of islands of emotional stability"
Socioemotional selectivity theory
Socioemotional_selectivity_theory
Mental perception of product or brand
International, 2000, pp 121-166 Mazanec, J.A., "Positioning analysis with self-organizing maps: An exploratory study on luxury hotels", The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant
Positioning_(marketing)
Mu-Chun; Cao, Ruijun; Hsu, Shu-Chien; Lu, Jin-Chun (2017-01-01). "A self organizing map optimization based image recognition and processing model for bridge
Bridge_management_system
Type of artificial neural network
6. Morgan-Kaufmann. Luttrell S.P. (1994). A Bayesian analysis of self-organizing maps. Neural Computation. 1994 Sep 1;6(5):767-94.[1] Hinton, Geoffrey
Helmholtz_machine
performed by: GPI-SOM: Identification of GPI-anchor signals by a Kohonen Self Organizing Map Archived 2023-06-25 at the Wayback Machine PredGPI: a GPI-anchor
Glypiation
Selective recruitment Self-organizing map Self-selection bias Self-similar process Segmented regression Seismic inversion Self-similarity matrix Semantic
List_of_statistics_articles
Incredibly small, unique extremophile Archaea species found deep in an acidic mine
successfully binned from the community genomic data using ESOM or Emergent Self-Organizing Map clustering of tetranucleotide DNA signatures. The first draft of
Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms
Archaeal_Richmond_Mine_acidophilic_nanoorganisms
Trial and error problem solvers with a metaheuristic or stochastic optimization character
classifier system Memetic algorithms Neuroevolution Self-organization such as self-organizing maps, competitive learning Over recent years many dubious
Evolutionary_computation
Approach to training in machine learning
methods for OCC are, k-means clustering, learning vector quantization, self-organizing maps, etc. The basic Support Vector Machine (SVM) paradigm is trained
One-class_classification
Nearest Neighbor methods (K-nearest neighbors algorithm, K-means, self-organizing map) Risk Minimization (Support vector regression, support vector machine
Multimedia information retrieval
Multimedia_information_retrieval
Genus of carnivores
preference of Eurasian river otter (Lutra lutra) in streams using a self-organizing map". Limnology. 10 (3): 203. Bibcode:2009Limno..10..203C. doi:10
Lutra
Civil engineer and water resources researcher
(1), 111–124. Lee B.-H. and Scholz M. (2006), Application of the Self-organizing Map (SOM) to assess the Heavy Metal Removal Performance in Experimental
Miklas_Scholz
Ecosystem Functional Types from Coarse Resolution Imagery Using a Self-Organizing Map Approach: A Case Study for Spain". Remote Sensing. 6 (11): 11391–11419
Ecosystem_Functional_Type
Computational analysis of large, complex sets of biological data
clustering algorithms applied in gene clustering are k-means clustering, self-organizing maps (SOMs), hierarchical clustering, and consensus clustering methods
Bioinformatics
Neural network development environment
regression neural network (GRNN) Probabilistic neural network (PNN) Self-organizing map (SOM) Time-lag recurrent network (TLRN) Recurrent neural network
NeuroSolutions
Biological theory of intelligence
dating back to early research in distributed representations and self-organizing maps. For example, in sparse distributed memory (SDM), the patterns encoded
Hierarchical_temporal_memory
Artificial Intelligence and Law 11: 251–269. Kohonen, T. (1990). The Self-Organizing Map, Proceedings of IEEE, 78 (9). DePaul University, (2004). "DePaul
Classification System for Serial Criminal Patterns
Classification_System_for_Serial_Criminal_Patterns
Linear feedforward neural network model
The generalized Hebbian algorithm is used in applications where a self-organizing map is necessary, or where a feature or principal components analysis
Generalized_Hebbian_algorithm
Method of image retrieval
Grefenstette, 2008) FACERET: An Interactive Face Retrieval System Based on Self-Organizing Maps (Ruiz-del-Solar et al., 2002) Automatic Linguistic Indexing of Pictures
Content-based_image_retrieval
Multivariate statistical classification technique in marketing
neural network methods for achieving unsupervised clustering is the Self-Organizing Map (SOM). SOM has been proposed as an improvement over the k-means method
Geodemographic_segmentation
Former technical university in Finland
neural networks, with professor Teuvo Kohonen initiating research in self-organizing maps. Additionally, the first commercialised total synthesis, the synthesis
Helsinki University of Technology
Helsinki_University_of_Technology
Type of neural network
Graupe, D.; Kordylewski, H. (August 1996). "Network based on SOM (Self-Organizing-Map) modules combined with statistical decision tools". Proceedings of
Large memory storage and retrieval neural network
Large_memory_storage_and_retrieval_neural_network
Finnish researcher and professor
supervision of Prof. Teuvo Kohonen, best known for inventing the Kohonen Self-Organizing Map. He obtained and a Doctor of Science in Technology in 2001, from
Ville_Topias_Pulkki
Multiple interactions and regulation of life forms with their environment
known as living things) treated as a system. They are said to be open self-organizing and said to interact with their environment. These systems are maintained
Living_systems
Software for understanding biological data
hierarchical, centroid-based, distribution-based, density-based, and self-organizing maps classification, has long been studied and used in classical machine
Machine learning in bioinformatics
Machine_learning_in_bioinformatics
the Kohonen Self-Organizing Map algorithm that positioned objects of similar descriptions near each other in a two-dimensional map. The map of objects
George_Legrady
mechanism by which a type of artificial neural network known as a self-organizing map (SOM) learns. Some types of artificial neural network, such as evolving
Computational neurogenetic modeling
Computational_neurogenetic_modeling
Windows 9x computer virus
(October 29, 2004). "Visualizing windows executable viruses using self-organizing maps". Proceedings of the 2004 ACM workshop on Visualization and data
CIH_(computer_virus)
layer", because a cortical neural map should be modeled as a 2D-map of interconnected neurons (e.g. like a self-organizing map; see also Fig. 1). Thus, each
Neurocomputational speech processing
Neurocomputational_speech_processing
Algorithmic processing of digitally-represented images
Pixelation Point feature matching Principal components analysis Self-organizing maps Wavelets Digital filters are used to blur and sharpen digital images
Digital_image_processing
Collaborative map database
adopted OpenStreetMap, and Apple, which ended a contract with Google and launched a self-built mapping platform using TomTom and OpenStreetMap data. As of 2025
OpenStreetMap
Artificial neural network algorithm
principle of competitive learning include vector quantization and self-organizing maps (Kohonen maps). Machine learning Decision tree learning Pattern recognition
Learning_rule
Type of software
analysis simulators on the market use backpropagating networks or self-organizing maps as their core. The advantage of this type of software is that it
Neural_network_software
Proposed common script for Indian languages
Bharati utilises two hands. A prototype has been developed using self-organizing maps and convolutional neural networks, which can give out characters
Bharati_script
Vast body of ice in Greenland, Northern Hemisphere
water vapor transport to the Greenland Ice Sheet revealed using self-organizing maps". Geophysical Research Letters. 43 (17): 9250–9258. Bibcode:2016GeoRL
Greenland_ice_sheet
German physicist and neuro-informatic (born 1962)
field of neuroinformatics is the so-called Neural gas, a variant of self-organizing maps. He is co-founder of the software companies Consideo, the Pattern
Thomas_Martinetz
Financial crime
first an outlier analysis is made separately for each customer using self-organizing maps and then a predictive algorithm is utilized to classify the abnormal
Credit_card_fraud
Public university in Espoo, Finland
neural networks, with professor Teuvo Kohonen initiating research in self-organizing maps. Additionally, the first commercialised total synthesis, the synthesis
Aalto_University
Place in South Karelia, Finland
Teuvo Kohonen, Finnish researcher, best known for the development of self-organizing map Arvi Lind, Finnish television news presenter Eino Valle, Finnish
Lauritsala
SELF ORGANIZING-MAP
SELF ORGANIZING-MAP
Female
Egyptian
, a form of Isis.
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi, Swahili
Sword; Brave; Sword of Religion
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of Greek SolomÅn, SELYF means "peaceable."Â
Boy/Male
British, English, Hebrew
A Tree
Boy/Male
Welsh
peace'.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English selle, a rough hut of the type normally occupied by animals, hence a topographic name for someone who lived in a hut like this. In many cases the name may have been in effect a metonymic occupational name for a herdsman.Americanized spelling of Hungarian and Hungarian Jewish Széll, a topographic name for someone who lived in a spot exposed to the wind, from Hungarian szél ‘wind’.German : variant of Selle.
Biblical
a rock
Surname or Lastname
English (East Anglia)
English (East Anglia) : from the Middle English personal name Saulf, Old English Sǣwulf, composed of the elements sǣ ‘sea’ + wulf ‘wolf’.
Boy/Male
Biblical
A rock.
Male
Yiddish
(סֶעף) Variant spelling of Yiddish Zeff, SEFF means "wolf."
Boy/Male
British, English, Nigerian, Norwegian
Rock
Male
English
(סֶלַע) Anglicized form of Hebrew Cela, SELA means "a rock." In the Old Testament bible, this is the name of the capital city of Edom, possibly an early name for Petra. In use as a unisex name.
Girl/Female
Egyptian
Girl/Female
British, English
Soft
Boy/Male
Hindi
Self.
Girl/Female
African, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, Greek, Hawaiian, Hebrew
Saviour; Ewe of West Africa; Goddess of the Moon; Cliff; Rock
Boy/Male
Indian
Sword
Boy/Male
Muslim
Sword
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Sword
Girl/Female
Hebrew Biblical
Rock.
SELF ORGANIZING-MAP
SELF ORGANIZING-MAP
Girl/Female
Hindu
Male
Egyptian
, Hakor ("burnt")?
Boy/Male
Sikh
Fighter of Love and truth
Boy/Male
Hindu
All
Female
Egyptian
, the wife of Psabenhor.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Not of the Body; Beyond Passion; Immortal; Divine; Mind
Boy/Male
Tamil
A companion of the prophet (Saw)
Male
Icelandic
Icelandic name derived from Old Norse hrafn, HRAFN means "raven."
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Shining
Girl/Female
Muslim
SELF ORGANIZING-MAP
SELF ORGANIZING-MAP
SELF ORGANIZING-MAP
SELF ORGANIZING-MAP
SELF ORGANIZING-MAP
a.
Dependent on one's self; self-depending; self-reliant.
n.
The act of estimating one's self; self-esteem.
n.
Faith in one's self; self-reliance.
n.
Self-deceit.
n.
Self.
n.
Self-love.
a.
Disposed to self-assertion; self-asserting.
n.
Restraint over one's self; self-control; self-command.
n.
Self-communion.
n.
Self-devotion.
n.
The idolizing of one's self; immoderate self-conceit.
n.
The destruction of one's self; self-murder; suicide.
n.
Communion with one's self; thoughts about one's self.
n.
Enjoyment of one's self; self-satisfaction.
a.
Refusing to gratify one's self; self-sacrificing.
n.
Control of one's self; restraint exercised over one's self; self-command.
n.
The act of governing one's self, or the state of being governed by one's self; self-control; self-command.
n.
Imposture practiced on one's self; self-deceit.
a.
Self-repelling.
n.
Self-denial; self-renunciation; self-sacrifice.