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Grouping a set of objects by similarity
Cluster analysis, or clustering, is a data analysis technique aimed at partitioning a set of objects into groups such that objects within the same group
Cluster_analysis
Statistical method in data analysis
hierarchical clustering (also called hierarchical cluster analysis or HCA) is a method of cluster analysis that seeks to build a hierarchy of clusters. Strategies
Hierarchical_clustering
Vector quantization algorithm minimizing the sum of squared deviations
clusters in which each observation belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean (cluster centers or cluster centroid). This results in a partitioning of the
K-means_clustering
Method of data analysis
two dimensions and to visually identify clusters of closely related data points. Principal component analysis has applications in many fields such as
Principal_component_analysis
How many standard deviations apart from the mean an observed datum is
some multivariate techniques such as multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis, the concept of distance between the units in the data is often of
Standard_score
Method used in statistics, pattern recognition, and other fields
discriminant correspondence analysis. Discriminant analysis is used when groups are known a priori (unlike in cluster analysis). Each case must have a score
Linear_discriminant_analysis
Simultaneous observation and analysis of more than one outcome variable
discriminant analysis (LDA) computes a linear predictor from two sets of normally distributed data to allow for classification of new observations. Clustering systems
Multivariate_statistics
Quality measure in cluster analysis
Cluster analysis Davies–Bouldin index Calinski-Harabasz index Dunn index Determining the number of clusters in a data set Density-based clustering validation
Silhouette_(clustering)
Theory and technique of psychological measurement
dimensions. Cluster analysis is an approach to finding objects that are like each other. Factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, and cluster analysis are all
Psychometrics
Method in rhetorical criticism
Cluster criticism, otherwise known as cluster analysis, is a method utilized in rhetorical criticism. This form of analysis was made famous by Kenneth
Cluster_criticism
Clustering methods
vector space using the rows of V {\displaystyle V} . Now the analysis is reduced to clustering vectors with k {\displaystyle k} components, which may be
Spectral_clustering
Type of clustering of data points
more than one cluster. Clustering or cluster analysis involves assigning data points to clusters such that items in the same cluster are as similar as possible
Fuzzy_clustering
Sequence of data points over time
pattern recognition and machine learning, where time series analysis can be used for clustering, classification, query by content, anomaly detection as well
Time_series
Middle quantile of a data set or probability distribution
noise from grayscale images. In cluster analysis, the k-medians clustering algorithm provides a way of defining clusters, in which the criterion of maximising
Median
Statistical measure of association
Fowlkes–Mallows index Other related articles: Contingency table Effect size Cluster analysis § External evaluation Cramér, Harald. 1946. Mathematical Methods of
Cramér's_V
Cluster analysis problem
the number of clusters in a data set, a quantity often labelled k as in the k-means algorithm, is a frequent problem in data clustering, and is a distinct
Determining the number of clusters in a data set
Determining_the_number_of_clusters_in_a_data_set
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up cluster in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Cluster(s) may refer to: Cluster (spacecraft), constellation of four European Space Agency spacecraft
Cluster
Combinatorial optimization problem
make it a minimization problem. Binary Clustering with QUBO Next, we consider the problem of cluster analysis, where we are given a set of N {\displaystyle
Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization
Quadratic_unconstrained_binary_optimization
Sampling methodology in statistics
In statistics, cluster sampling is a sampling plan used when mutually homogeneous yet internally heterogeneous groupings are evident in a statistical
Cluster_sampling
Heuristic used in computer science
In cluster analysis, the elbow method is a heuristic used in determining the number of clusters in a data set. The method consists of plotting the explained
Elbow_method_(clustering)
Method of data analysis
Clustering high-dimensional data is the cluster analysis of data with anywhere from a few dozen to many thousands of dimensions. Such high-dimensional
Clustering high-dimensional data
Clustering_high-dimensional_data
Clusters/Components/Kernels) is an algorithm based on graph connectivity for cluster analysis. It works by representing the similarity data in a similarity graph
HCS_clustering_algorithm
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
Hierarchical clustering Single-linkage clustering Conceptual clustering Cluster analysis BIRCH DBSCAN Expectation–maximization (EM) Fuzzy clustering Hierarchical
Outline_of_machine_learning
the identification of such geographical clusters is a very simple and generic form of geographical analysis that has many applications in many different
Geographical_cluster
Grouping by physical or social qualities
from using it or the fact that it has utility." Early human genetic cluster analysis studies were conducted with samples taken from ancestral population
Race_(human_categorization)
Set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships among variables
In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a statistical method for estimating the relationship between a dependent variable (often called the outcome
Regression_analysis
Categorization of data using statistics
ecology, the term "classification" normally refers to cluster analysis. Classification and clustering are examples of the more general problem of pattern
Statistical_classification
Grouping texts by similarity
Document clustering (or text clustering) is the application of cluster analysis to textual documents. It has applications in automatic document organization
Document_clustering
Method of partitioning data points into groups based on their similarity
Clustering is the problem of partitioning data points into groups based on similarity or dissimilarity. Correlation clustering is a clustering framework
Correlation_clustering
German statistician & professor (born 1966)
Hennig (born 1966) is a German statistician. His work focuses on robust cluster analysis. Hennig completed his doctorate in 1997 at the University of Hamburg
Christian_Hennig
Collection of statistical models
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a family of statistical methods used to compare the means of two or more groups by analyzing variance. Specifically, ANOVA
Analysis_of_variance
Economic development of business clusters
Cluster development (or cluster initiative or economic clustering) is the economic development of business clusters. The cluster concept has rapidly attracted
Cluster_development
Cluster analysis algorithm
K-medians clustering is a partitioning technique used in cluster analysis. It groups data into k clusters by minimizing the sum of distances—typically
K-medians_clustering
Model-based clustering in statistics
statistics, cluster analysis is the algorithmic grouping of objects into homogeneous groups based on numerical measurements. Model-based clustering based on
Model-based_clustering
Statistical method
Function-point cluster analysis. Systematic Zoology, September 1973, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 295–301. Mulaik, S. A. (2010), Foundations of Factor Analysis, Chapman
Factor_analysis
Data visualization technique
results of a cluster analysis by permuting the rows and the columns of a matrix to place similar values near each other according to the clustering. This idea
Heat_map
Density-based data clustering algorithm
Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) is a data clustering algorithm proposed by Martin Ester, Hans-Peter Kriegel, Jörg
DBSCAN
Statistic for rank correlation
discordance also appear in other areas of statistics, like the Rand index in cluster analysis. Let ( x 1 , y 1 ) , . . . , ( x n , y n ) {\displaystyle (x_{1},y_{1})
Kendall rank correlation coefficient
Kendall_rank_correlation_coefficient
Diagnostic plot of binary classifier ability
can be generalized to multiple classes) at varying threshold values. ROC analysis is commonly applied in the assessment of diagnostic test performance in
Receiver operating characteristic
Receiver_operating_characteristic
Method of statistical inference
statistics. Bayesian updating is particularly important in the dynamic analysis of a sequence of data. Bayesian inference has found application in a wide
Bayesian_inference
Behavioral clustering is a statistical analysis method used in retailing to identify consumer purchase trends and group stores based on consumer buying
Behavioral_clustering
Relevance of genotype to race classification
other subgroups. In cluster analysis, the number of clusters to search for K is determined in advance; how distinct the clusters are varies. The results
Race_and_genetics
Statistical measure of variability
10476408. hdl:2027.42/142454. Ruppert, D. (2010). Statistics and Data Analysis for Financial Engineering. Springer. p. 118. ISBN 9781441977878. Retrieved
Median_absolute_deviation
Error in statistical reasoning with groups
appropriately addressed in the statistical modeling (e.g., through cluster analysis). Simpson's paradox has been used to illustrate the kind of misleading
Simpson's_paradox
Erroneously seeing patterns in randomness
has media related to Clustering illusion. Skeptic's Dictionary: The clustering illusion Hot Hand website: Statistical analysis of sports streakiness
Clustering_illusion
Measure of the joint variability
different assets that investors should (in a normative analysis) or are predicted to (in a positive analysis) choose to hold in a context of diversification
Covariance
Process of understanding a complex topic or substance
Boolean analysis – a method to find deterministic dependencies between variables in a sample, mostly used in exploratory data analysis Cluster analysis – techniques
Analysis
Type of chart
other axis represents a measured value. Some bar graphs present bars clustered or stacked in groups of more than one, showing the values of more than
Bar_chart
Nonparametric measure of rank correlation
F., eds. (2004). Grade Models and Methods for Data Analysis with Applications for the Analysis of Data Populations. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
Spearman's_rank_correlation_coefficient
Field of geometry and statistics
data analysis, cluster analysis, inductive data analysis, correspondence analysis, multiple correspondence analysis, principal components analysis and
Geometric_data_analysis
Quantum Clustering (QC) is a class of data-clustering algorithms that use conceptual and mathematical tools from quantum mechanics. QC belongs to the
Quantum_clustering
Type of statistics
theory, and are frequently nonparametric statistics. Even when a data analysis draws its main conclusions using inferential statistics, descriptive statistics
Descriptive_statistics
Process of reducing the number of random variables under consideration
Dimensionality reduction can be used for noise reduction, data visualization, cluster analysis, or as an intermediate step to facilitate other analyses. The process
Dimensionality_reduction
Metric of clustering solutions quality
metrics may be less reliable. The DBCV index has been employed for clustering analysis in bioinformatics, ecology, techno-economy, and health informatics
Density-based clustering validation
Density-based_clustering_validation
Unit of information
collected using techniques such as measurement, observation, query, or analysis, and is typically represented as numbers or characters that may be further
Data
Paradigm in machine learning that uses no classification labels
unsupervised learning, such as clustering algorithms like k-means, dimensionality reduction techniques like principal component analysis (PCA), Boltzmann machine
Unsupervised_learning
Subset of artificial intelligence
during training. Classic examples include principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Feature learning algorithms, also called representation learning
Machine_learning
Measure of linear correlation
Pearson distance lies in [0, 2]. The Pearson distance has been used in cluster analysis and data detection for communications and storage with unknown gain
Pearson correlation coefficient
Pearson_correlation_coefficient
Approximation method in statistics
In regression analysis, least squares is a method to determine the best-fit model by minimizing the sum of the squared residuals—the differences between
Least_squares
Overview of and topical guide to statistics
domain Multivariate analysis Principal component analysis (PCA) Factor analysis Cluster analysis Multiple correspondence analysis Nonlinear dimensionality
Outline_of_statistics
Process of analyzing large data sets
automatic analysis of massive quantities of data to extract previously unknown, interesting patterns such as groups of data records (cluster analysis), unusual
Data_mining
Tuu language of southwestern Botswana and eastern Namibia
are single segments and which are consonant clusters. DoBeS notes that analysis of syllable onsets as clusters would reduce the inventory from 122 to approximately
Taa_language
Data visualization
Tukey, who later published on the subject in his book "Exploratory Data Analysis" in 1977. A box plot is a standardized way of displaying the dataset based
Box_plot
Criterion applied in hierarchical cluster analysis
In statistics, Ward's method is a criterion applied in hierarchical cluster analysis. Ward's minimum variance method is a special case of the objective
Ward's_method
Numerical measure of a statistical relationship between variables
strongest possible correlation and 0 indicates no correlation. As tools of analysis, correlation coefficients present certain problems, including the propensity
Correlation_coefficient
have either schizophrenia or a Cluster A personality disorder. Importantly, contrary to common belief, a recent meta-analysis shows that diagnosis remission
Classification of personality disorders
Classification_of_personality_disorders
Class of semi-supervised learning algorithms
computer science, constrained clustering is a class of semi-supervised learning algorithms. Typically, constrained clustering incorporates either a set of
Constrained_clustering
Number taken as representative of a list of numbers
from these points is minimized. This leads to cluster analysis, where each point in the data set is clustered with the nearest "center". Most commonly, using
Average
Branch of statistics
reliability analysis or reliability engineering in engineering, duration analysis or duration modelling in economics, and event history analysis in sociology
Survival_analysis
Archetypal analysis in statistics is an unsupervised learning method similar to cluster analysis and introduced by Adele Cutler and Leo Breiman in 1994
Archetypal_analysis
Statistical method
or gradient analysis, in multivariate analysis, is a method complementary to data clustering, and used mainly in exploratory data analysis (rather than
Ordination_(statistics)
Clustering evaluation metric
univariate analysis. Liu et al. discuss the effectiveness of using CH index for cluster evaluation relative to other internal clustering evaluation metrics
Calinski–Harabasz_index
Statistical hypothesis test
size are described at these websites. Power Analysis for Two-group Independent sample t-test | R Data Analysis Examples G*Power Ps Commercial software packages
Student's_t-test
Study of collection and analysis of data
diversity index, Tukey's range test, cluster analysis, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and principal component analysis. A typical statistics course covers
Statistics
Test of normality in frequentist statistics
Lilliefors test Normal probability plot Shapiro, S. S.; Wilk, M. B. (1965). "An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples)". Biometrika. 52 (3–4):
Shapiro–Wilk_test
Topics referred to by the same term
like a single computer Data cluster, an allocation of contiguous storage in databases and file systems Cluster analysis, the statistical task of grouping
Clustering
Statistical analysis where the sample size is not fixed in advance
In statistics, sequential analysis or sequential hypothesis testing is statistical analysis where the sample size is not fixed in advance. Instead data
Sequential_analysis
Sampling from a population which can be partitioned into subpopulations
entire population) can have a deleterious effect on the performance of any analysis on the dataset, e.g. classification. In that regard, minimax sampling ratio
Stratified_sampling
General linear model that blends ANOVA and regression
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is a general linear model that blends ANOVA and regression. ANCOVA evaluates whether the means of a dependent variable
Analysis_of_covariance
Statistical relationship
range restriction in one or both variables, and are commonly used in meta-analysis; the most common are Thorndike's case II and case III equations. Various
Correlation
Distance measure in statistics
takes values between 0 and 1. This technique is particularly useful in cluster analysis (such as K-nearest neighbors algorithm) or other multivariate statistical
Gower's_distance
Agglomerative hierarchical clustering method
Complete-linkage clustering is one of several methods of agglomerative hierarchical clustering. At the beginning of the process, each element is in a cluster of its
Complete-linkage_clustering
Mathematical technique
mathematical analysis technique for locating the maxima of a density function, a so-called mode-seeking algorithm. Application domains include cluster analysis in
Mean_shift
Embedding of data within a manifold based on a similarity function
and world trade networks. Induced topology Clustering algorithm Intrinsic dimension Latent semantic analysis Latent variable model Ordination (statistics)
Latent_space
Agglomerative hierarchical clustering method
single-linkage clustering is one of several methods of hierarchical clustering. It is based on grouping clusters in bottom-up fashion (agglomerative clustering), at
Single-linkage_clustering
Statistical concept
off state, or faulty state. Each formed cluster can be diagnosed using techniques such as spectral analysis. In the recent years, this has also been
Mixture_model
Data processing algorithm
determining the appropriate number of clusters for unlabeled data. Therefore, most research in clustering analysis has been focused on the automation of
Automatic clustering algorithms
Automatic_clustering_algorithms
Selection of data points in statistics
depending on how the clusters differ between one another as compared to the within-cluster variation. For this reason, cluster sampling requires a larger
Sampling_(statistics)
Statistical property
sample size. This is because as the sample size increases, sample means cluster more closely around the population mean. Therefore, the relationship between
Standard_error
Statistical model for a binary dependent variable
linear combination of one or more independent variables. In regression analysis, logistic regression (or logit regression) estimates the parameters of
Logistic_regression
Conditional probability used in Bayesian statistics
David B. Dunson, Aki Vehtari and Donald B. Rubin (2014). Bayesian Data Analysis. CRC Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4398-4095-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple
Posterior_probability
Statistical hypothesis test
(also chi-square or χ2 test) is a statistical hypothesis test used in the analysis of contingency tables when the sample sizes are large. In simpler terms
Chi-squared_test
Putting things into categories
the task of establishing the classes themselves (for example through cluster analysis). Examples include diagnostic tests, identifying spam emails and deciding
Classification
Concept in statistical analysis
Bivariate analysis is one of the simplest forms of quantitative (statistical) analysis. It involves the analysis of two variables (often denoted as X, Y)
Bivariate_analysis
COBWEB is an incremental system for hierarchical conceptual clustering. COBWEB was invented by Professor Douglas H. Fisher, currently at Vanderbilt University
Cobweb_(clustering)
Objects maximally similar to other objects in a dataset
representative objects of a data set or a cluster within a data set whose sum of dissimilarities to all the objects in the cluster is minimal. Medoids are similar
Medoid
Statistical modeling method
mixed models include analysis of data involving repeated measurements, such as longitudinal data, or data obtained from cluster sampling. They are generally
Linear_regression
Data clustering algorithm
also called the Jenks natural breaks classification method, is a data clustering method designed to determine the best arrangement of values into different
Jenks natural breaks optimization
Jenks_natural_breaks_optimization
Method of result aggregation from multiple clustering algorithms
Consensus clustering is a method of aggregating (potentially conflicting) results from multiple clustering algorithms. Also called cluster ensembles or
Consensus_clustering
Low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy ("LEACH") is a TDMA-based MAC protocol which is integrated with clustering and a simple routing protocol in wireless
Low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy
Low-energy_adaptive_clustering_hierarchy
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