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Stratigraphic formation in the Omo River basin in Ethiopia
The Shungura Formation is a stratigraphic formation located in the Omo river basin in Ethiopia. It dates to the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. Oldowan
Shungura_Formation
Extinct species of hominin of East Africa
West Turkana, Kenya, as well as some jawbones from Koobi Fora; the Shungura Formation, Ethiopia; and Laetoli, Tanzania. These locations featured bushland
Paranthropus_aethiopicus
material of a 1.84-million-years-old member of the genus Homo from the Shungura Formation (Ethiopia), including the oldest well-preserved shoulder and arm bones
2026_in_paleomammalogy
(2026). Evidence from the study of body size of reptiles from the Shungura Formation (Ethiopia), indicative of temporal coincidence between changes of
2026_in_reptile_paleontology
Extinct species of camel
September 2014). "Camelus grattardi, sp. nov., a new camel from the Shungura Formation, Omo Valley, Ethiopia, and the relationships of African fossil Camelidae
Camelus_grattardi
Extinct species of Old World monkey
skulls and mandibles found in Pliocene deposits excavated in the Shungura Formation, at the Omo River, Ethiopia. Both T. brumpti and the related extant
Theropithecus_brumpti
Extinct genus of carnivorans
to 3.2 Ma. Fossils of E. omoensis were located at the Usno Formation and Shungura Formation of the Lower Omo Valley in Ethiopia, the fossils ranging from
Enhydriodon
Extinct species of hominin of East Africa
several more specimens revealing facial elements were reported from the Shungura Formation, Ethiopia; Koobi Fora and Chesowanja, Kenya; and Omo and Konso, Ethiopia
Paranthropus_boisei
Geological formation in the Low Omo Valley of southwestern Ethiopia
and date between 196 ka ~ 13-4 ka. Omo Kibish and the neighboring formations (Shungura and Usno) have produced a rich paleoanthropological record with many
Omo_Kibish_Formation
Archaeological culture
oldest known Oldowan tool site comes from the Shungura Formation of the Omo River basin. This formation documents the sediments of the Plio-Pleistocene
Oldowan
River in southwestern Ethiopia
2003). "An integrated approach to taphonomy and faunal change in the Shungura Formation (Ethiopia) and its implication for hominid evolution". Journal of
Omo_River
Extinct genus of mammals
foods such as roots and tubers. DMTA of Kolpochoerus fossils from the Shungura Formation suggests that the genus had a preference for young, minimally abrasive
Kolpochoerus
Genus of mammals
Bibi, F.; Boisserie, J.-R. (2026). "A new fossil buffalo from the Shungura Formation (Ethiopia) reveals the role of heterochrony in the evolution of Syncerus
Syncerus
Species of mammal
sparse. The earliest possible records of the species are from the Shungura Formation around Omo in Ethiopia, which are dated to the Early Pleistocene,
African_bush_elephant
Extinct genus of hyrax
was a genus of herbivorous hyrax-grouped mammals from the Pliocene Shungura Formation of Ethiopia. Fossils have also been found in Makapansgat of South
Gigantohyrax
Extinct hominin from the Early Pleistocene of East Africa
fossils come from Koobi Fora and date to 1.9–1.85 mya. Remains from the Shungura Formation, Ethiopia, and Uraha, Malawi, are dated as far back as 2.5–2.4 mya
Homo_rudolfensis
– 3.6 late Pliocene – early Pleistocene Shungura Formation member A, Omo Valley, Ethiopia Shungura Formation Homo (humans) †Anthracotheriidae (hippo relatives)
African_land_mammal_age
Extinct species of Old World monkey
Food resource partitioning among Plio-Pleistocene monkeys from the Shungura Formation, Ethiopia". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 572
Theropithecus_oswaldi
Extinct genus of mammals
Pliocene remains of Camelus grattardi (Mammalia, Camelidae) from the Shungura Formation, Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia, and the evolution of African camels"
Paracamelus
Contested extinct genus of hominins
"Paraustralopithecus aethiopicus" based on a toothless mandible from the Shungura Formation, Ethiopia (Omo 18). In 1976, American anthropologist Francis Clark
Paranthropus
composition of the angiosperm wood assemblages from the Plio-Pleistocene Shungura Formation (Ethiopia), and report evidence of changes of composition of the studied
2026_in_paleobotany
report that the Plio-Pleistocene fossil record of turtles from the Shungura Formation (Ethiopia) included tortoises which were significantly larger than
2023_in_reptile_paleontology
a juvenile specimen. A study on molars of Elephas recki from the Shungura Formation (Ethiopia) is published by Bedane, Mackaye & Boisserie (2025), who
2025_in_paleomammalogy
which the same formation is exposed. Such sites may have separate entries if they are considered to be more notable than the formation as a whole. In
List_of_fossil_sites
larger group, the KBS has been found in the Shungura Formation in southern Ethiopia, In the Nachukui Formation on the west side of Lake Turkana in northern
KBS_Tuff
Geologic formation in Ethiopia
F. C., & McCrossin, M. L. (1982). Faunal age of the Usno, Shungura B and Hadar Formations, Ethiopia. Nature, 300(5893), 633–635. https://doi.org/10.1038/300633A0
Usno_Formation
Arthur R. Sweet (2013). "First mammals from the Paleocene Porcupine Hills Formation of southwestern Alberta, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences.
2013_in_paleomammalogy
preferences of members of the tribe Tragelaphini from the Plio-Pleistocene Shungura Formation (Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia) as indicated by their tooth wear is published
2018_in_paleomammalogy
Geraads (2014). "Camelus grattardi, sp. nov., a new camel from the Shungura Formation, Omo Valley, Ethiopia, and the relationships of African fossil Camelidae
2014_in_paleomammalogy
2018-04-13. Kalam Formation at Fossilworks.org Shungura Formation at Fossilworks.org Mursi Formation at Fossilworks.org Usno Formation at Fossilworks.org
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Ethiopia
List_of_fossiliferous_stratigraphic_units_in_Ethiopia
the Shungura Formation (Ethiopia), representing the first example of multiple, well-defined hominin occupation phases in the Shungura Formation and providing
2023_in_paleomammalogy
(2021). A study on the diet of members of the tribe Reduncini from the Shungura Formation (Ethiopia) is published by Blondel et al. (2021). An overview of the
2021_in_paleomammalogy
study on the dietary patterns of nine herbivore families from the Shungura Formation (Ethiopia) throughout the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene, as
2020_in_paleomammalogy
Extinct genus of Old World monkeys
Rhinocolobus were found in Shungura Formation and Usno formation surrounding the Omo river valley and the Hadar formation surrounding the Afar depression
Rhinocolobus
(1974). "Fossil mosses from the bisaccate zone of the mid-Eocene Allenby Formation, British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 11 (3): 409–421
1980_in_paleontology
Alkaline lake on the border of Ethiopia and Kenya
the Mursi Basalts, the Mursi Formation is on the west side of the Omo, the Nkalabong on the Omo, and the Usno and Shungura east of the Omo. Probably the
Lake_Turkana
from the "Wonthaggi Formation" and related unnamed mammals from the Eumeralla Formation (Australia) and Mata Amarilla Formation (Argentina), argued to
2022_in_paleomammalogy
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SHUNGURA FORMATION
SHUNGURA FORMATION
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a merry person or an early riser, from Middle English lavero(c)k, lark (Old English lÄwerce). It was perhaps also a metonymic occupational name for someone who netted the birds and sold them for the cooking pot.English : from a medieval personal name, a byform of Lawrence, derived by back-formation from Larkin.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Gloucestershire), Dutch, and German (also Türk)
English (mainly Gloucestershire), Dutch, and German (also Türk) : from Middle English, Old French turc, Middle High and Low German Turc ‘Turk’, from Turkish türk. In theory this could be an ethnic name but, both in England and northwest Europe, it is generally a nickname for a person with black hair and a swarthy complexion or a cruel, rowdy, or unruly person. The Dutch and German surname also represents a house name, derived from the use of a picture of a Turk as a house sign. It is also found as a nickname for someone who had taken part in the wars against the Turks.English : from a medieval personal name, a back-formation from Turkel, misanalyzed as containing the Old French diminutive suffix -el.Scottish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Tuirc, a patronymic from the byname Torc ‘boar’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ethnic name denoting someone from Turkey or anywhere in the Ottoman Empire, or a nickname for someone thought to resemble a Turk.Americanized form of the Greek ethnic name Tourkos ‘Turk’. See also Turco.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for an amiable person, also perhaps sometimes given in an ironical sense, from Middle English luvelich, loveli (Old English luflic). During the main period of surname formation the word was used in an active sense, ‘loving’, ‘kind’, ‘affectionate’, as well as the passive ‘lovable’, ‘worthy of love’. The meaning ‘attractive’, ‘beautiful’ is not clearly attested before the 14th century, and remained rare throughout the Middle Ages.New England Americanized form of French Lavallée (see Lavallee) or a similar name.
Girl/Female
Egyptian
Grateful.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Jewel
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an agent derivative of Old English gangan ‘to walk’, hence possibly a nickname for someone with a peculiar gait; by the period of surname formation, however, the word had acquired the sense ‘go-between’ and it is likely that this meaning lies behind the surname in some instances.German (usually Gänger) : variant of Gengler.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English diche, dike ‘dike’, ‘earthwork’ + man ‘man’, hence an occupational name for a ditch digger or a topographic name for someone who lived by a ditch or dike. See also Dyke.English : occupational name meaning ‘servant (Middle English man) of Dick’.Dutch : elaborated form of Dyck.Americanized spelling of German Dickmann.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname meaning ‘fat man’, a noun formation from Dick 2.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name from Middle English haw, haugh ‘enclosure’ (Old English haga), or a habitational name from a place named with this word such as The Haw in Tirley, Gloucestershire. Compare Haugh 2.English : from a Middle English personal name, probably a back-formation from Hawkin, (see Hawkins).Scottish : habitational name from an unidentified place in lowland Scotland.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : status name or occupational name from Middle English, Old French maresc(h)al ‘marshal’. The term is of Germanic origin (compare Old High German marah ‘horse’, ‘mare’ + scalc ‘servant’). Originally it denoted a man who looked after horses, but by the heyday of medieval surname formation it denoted on the one hand one of the most important servants in a great household (in the royal household a high official of state, one with military responsibilities), and on the other a humble shoeing smith or farrier. It was also an occupational name for a medieval court officer responsible for the custody of prisoners. An even wider range of meanings is found in some other languages: compare for example Polish Marszałek (see Marszalek). The surname is also borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.As the fourth chief justice of the U.S., John Marshall (1755–1835) was the principal architect in consolidating and defining the powers of the Supreme Court. He was a descendant of John Marshall of Ireland, who settled in Culpeper Co., VA, sometime before 1655.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a dyer of cloth, Middle English dyer (from Old English dēag ‘dye’; the verb is a back-formation from the agent noun). This surname also occurs in Scotland, but Lister is a more common equivalent there.Irish (Counties Sligo and Roscommon) : usually a short form of MacDyer, an Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Duibhir ‘son of Duibhir’, a short form of a personal name composed of the elements dubh ‘dark’, ‘black’ + odhar ‘sallow’, ‘tawny’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the medieval female personal name Malin, a diminutive of Mall.French and Dutch : from the Germanic personal name Madalin, a short form of compound names with the initial element madal ‘council’.Serbian : patronymic from maly, Serbian mali ‘small’; compare Maly.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : metronymic from the Yiddish female personal name Male (a back-formation from Malka as if it contained the Slavic diminutive suffix -ke) + the Slavic metronymic suffix -in.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : habitational name from Malin, a place in Ukraine.
Surname or Lastname
English (Northumberland and Durham)
English (Northumberland and Durham) : unexplained; just possibly a late formation from the plant name, although tulips were not introduced into western Europe until the 16th century.
Surname or Lastname
English, Welsh, German, etc.
English, Welsh, German, etc. : ultimately from the Hebrew personal name yÅÌ£hÄnÄn ‘Jehovah has favored (me with a son)’ or ‘may Jehovah favor (this child)’. This personal name was adopted into Latin (via Greek) as Johannes, and has enjoyed enormous popularity in Europe throughout the Christian era, being given in honor of St. John the Baptist, precursor of Christ, and of St. John the Evangelist, author of the fourth gospel, as well as others of the nearly one thousand other Christian saints of the name. Some of the principal forms of the personal name in other European languages are Welsh Ieuan, Evan, Siôn, and Ioan; Scottish Ia(i)n; Irish Séan; German Johann, Johannes, Hans; Dutch Jan; French Jean; Italian Giovanni, Gianni, Ianni; Spanish Juan; Portuguese João; Greek IÅannÄ“s (vernacular Yannis); Czech Jan; Russian Ivan. Polish has surnames both from the western Slavic form Jan and from the eastern Slavic form Iwan. There were a number of different forms of the name in Middle English, including Jan(e), a male name (see Jane); Jen (see Jenkin); Jon(e) (see Jones); and Han(n) (see Hann). There were also various Middle English feminine versions of this name (e.g. Joan, Jehan), and some of these were indistinguishable from masculine forms. The distinction on grounds of gender between John and Joan was not firmly established in English until the 17th century. It was even later that Jean and Jane were specialized as specifically feminine names in English; bearers of these surnames and their derivatives are more likely to derive them from a male ancestor than a female. As a surname in the British Isles, John is particularly frequent in Wales, where it is a late formation representing Welsh Siôn rather than the older form Ieuan (which gave rise to the surname Evan). As an American family name this form has absorbed various cognates from continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)
Female
African
be comforted.
Female
Egyptian
, grateful.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Decorated
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived in a stretch of open country by a wood, or (as a later formation) someone who lived near a field by a wood, from Middle English wode ‘wood’ (Old English wudu) + feld ‘open country’, later with the modern meaning ‘field’.Scottish : habitational name from Woodfield, a place near Annan in Dumfriesshire. A certain Roger Wodyfelde is recorded as holding land in Dumfries in 1365.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Loveless. The spelling is apparently the result of folk etymology, which understood the word as a nickname for a dandy fond of lace. The modern sense of this word is, however, not attested until the 16th century and at the time of surname formation it meant only ‘cord’ or ‘shoelace’.
Surname or Lastname
English (also found in Wales)
English (also found in Wales) : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Jenk, a back-formation from Jenkin with the removal of the supposed Anglo-Norman French diminutive suffix -in.Joseph Jenks (1602–83), the descendant of an old Welsh family, was born in England and traveled to Saugus, near Lynn, MA, in 1642 to assist in the development of America’s first iron works. His son, Joseph Jenckes (sic), followed in 1650, founded Pawtucket, RI, and raised four sons who held places of respect and distinction in RI, including one who served as governor for five years.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a Middle English personal name, which originated as a short form of any of various Old English personal names beginning with Cyne- ‘royal’.German : nickname for someone with a prominent chin, from Middle High German kinne ‘chin’, or from an Old High German personal name formed with the element kuoni ‘bold’ or chunni ‘race’, ‘people’. Compare Konrad.Norwegian : habitational name from any of several farmsteads named Kinn, from Old Norse kinn ‘chin’ with reference to the land formation.
SHUNGURA FORMATION
SHUNGURA FORMATION
SHUNGURA FORMATION
SHUNGURA FORMATION
SHUNGURA FORMATION
SHUNGURA FORMATION
SHUNGURA FORMATION
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