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Type of artificial intelligence model
Small language models or compact language models are artificial intelligence language models designed for human natural language processing including language
Small_language_model
Type of machine learning model
A large language model (LLM) is a neural network trained on a vast amount of text for natural language processing tasks, especially language generation
Large_language_model
Large language model by Meta AI
Llama ("Large Language Model Meta AI" serving as a backronym) is a family of large language models (LLMs) released by Meta AI starting in February 2023
Llama_(language_model)
A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation. LLMs are language
List_of_large_language_models
Series of language models developed by Google AI
Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) is a language model introduced in October 2018 by researchers at Google. It learns to represent
BERT_(language_model)
Microsoft free and open-source large language model
York Times considered Phi-3-mini to be Microsoft's push into smaller large language models. Phi-3-mini has 3.8 billion parameters. Phi-3-mini has been
Phi_(language_model)
Large language model developed by Google
Gemini is a family of multimodal large language models (LLMs) developed by Google DeepMind, and the successor to LaMDA and PaLM 2. Comprising Gemini Pro
Gemini_(language_model)
Family of large language models by Google
Gemma is a series of source-available large language models developed by Google DeepMind. It is based on similar technologies as Gemini. The first version
Gemma_(language_model)
Type of artificial intelligence system
research community, offering smaller-scale alternatives for experimentation and academic study. Vision language models evolved from image captioning
Vision–language_model
Software design modeling notation
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose, object-oriented, visual modeling language that provides a way to visualize the architecture
Unified_Modeling_Language
Foundation model allowing control of robot actions
robot learning, a vision–language–action model (VLA) is a class of multimodal foundation models that integrates vision, language and actions. Given an input
Vision–language–action_model
Series of large language models developed by Google AI
is a series of large language models developed by Google AI introduced in 2019. Like the original Transformer model, T5 models are encoder-decoder Transformers
T5_(language_model)
Language models designed for reasoning tasks
A reasoning model, also known as a reasoning language model (RLM) or large reasoning model (LRM), is a type of large language model (LLM) that has been
Reasoning_model
General-purpose modeling language
The systems modeling language (SysML) is a general-purpose modeling language for systems engineering applications. It supports the specification, analysis
Systems_modeling_language
Type of large language model
A generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) is a type of large language model (LLM) that is widely used in generative artificial intelligence chatbots.
Generative pre-trained transformer
Generative_pre-trained_transformer
South Korean artificial intelligence company
Solar, a small language model with 10.7 billion parameters. Solar Pro 2 was released in July 2025, marking South Korea’s first large language model recognized
Upstage_(company)
Artificial intelligence model paradigm
typically requires only fine-tuning on smaller, task-specific datasets. Early examples of foundation models are language models like OpenAI's GPT series and Google's
Foundation_model
A language model benchmark is a standardized test designed to evaluate the performance of language models on various natural language processing tasks
Language_model_benchmark
Large language model developed by Google
PaLM (Pathways Language Model) is a 540 billion-parameter dense decoder-only transformer-based large language model (LLM) developed by Google AI. Researchers
PaLM
French artificial intelligence company
Founded in 2023, it has open-weight large language models (LLMs), with both open-source and proprietary AI models. As of 2025 the company has a valuation
Mistral_AI
A cache language model is a type of statistical language model. These occur in the natural language processing subfield of computer science and assign
Cache_language_model
Parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique for large language models
large language models and other deep neural networks. Introduced in 2021 by researchers at Microsoft, LoRA enables adaptation of pre-trained models to specific
LoRA_(machine_learning)
Purely statistical model of language
A word n-gram language model is a statistical model of language which calculates the probability of the next word in a sequence from a fixed size window
Word_n-gram_language_model
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
variations have been widely adopted for training large language models (LLMs) on large (language) datasets. Modern transformer designs are commonly grouped
Transformer_(deep_learning)
Technology company
Grounded Transformer (GGT-1) and Small Language Models (SLMs), which are customized to individual users' data. These models incorporate memory-stacking functions
Human_AI_Labs
Structuring text as input to generative artificial intelligence
structuring natural language inputs (known as prompts) to produce specified outputs from a generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) model. Context engineering
Prompt_engineering
Machine learning model
model is a machine learning model which takes an input natural language prompt and produces an image matching that description. Text-to-image models gradually
Text-to-image_model
Informative representation of an entity
software Economic model, a theoretical construct representing economic processes Language model, a probabilistic model of a natural language, used for speech
Model
Machine learning method to transfer knowledge from a large model to a smaller one
distillation or model distillation is the process of transferring knowledge from a large model to a smaller one. While large models (such as very deep
Knowledge_distillation
Technique for the generative modeling of a continuous probability distribution
diffusion models, also known as diffusion-based generative models or score-based generative models, are a class of latent variable generative models. A diffusion
Diffusion_model
Large language model
Claude Mythos is a large language model developed by Anthropic. Anthropic has not officially released the model to the public, citing safety and misuse
Claude_Mythos
Term used in machine learning
learning, the term stochastic parrot is a metaphor that frames large language models as systems that statistically mimic text without real understanding
Stochastic_parrot
Theoretical framework
object-role modeling, and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Data flow modeling (DFM) is a basic conceptual modeling technique that graphically represents
Conceptual_model
Topics referred to by the same term
optical projection Standard litre per minute, a unit Small language model, a small scale language model in generative artificial intelligence Š-L-M (Shin-Lamedh-Mem)
SLM
Scientific study of language
an interdisciplinary field concerned with the computational modelling of natural language, as well as the study of appropriate computational approaches
Linguistics
Degradation of AI models trained on synthetic data
when language models are trained recursively on synthetic data, the learned conditional distributions concentrate probability mass on a small subset
Model_collapse
Programming paradigm based on modeling the logic of a computation
Common declarative language paradigms include logic programming (e.g., Prolog, Datalog, answer set programming), and algebraic modeling systems. Declarative
Declarative_programming
Group of languages related through a common ancestor
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language of that family. The term family is
Language_family
Statistical law in machine learning
resources and time required for model training. With the "pretrain, then finetune" method used for most large language models, there are two kinds of training
Neural_scaling_law
Abstract model
programming languages. Data models are often complemented by function models, especially in the context of enterprise models. A data model explicitly determines
Data_model
Chinese artificial intelligence company
"AI Tiger" companies by investors with its focus on developing large language models. Moonshot was founded in March 2023 by Yang Zhilin, Zhou Xinyu and
Moonshot_AI
Somali-born American model and actress (born 1955)
Abdulmajid, 25 July 1955), known mononymously as Iman, is a Somali-American model and actress. A muse of the designers Gianni Versace, Thierry Mugler, Calvin
Iman_(model)
American software company
collaboration focused on deploying AI agents powered by specialized small language models. The announcement was made at the World Economic Forum held in Davos
Uniphore
Computer language specialized to a specific set of requirements or function
kind of language, and include domain-specific markup languages, domain-specific modeling languages (more generally, specification languages), and domain-specific
Domain-specific_language
2020 text-generating language model
(GPT-3) is a large language model released by OpenAI in 2020. Like its predecessor, GPT-2, it is a decoder-only transformer model of deep neural network
GPT-3
Family of large language models by Alibaba
pinyin: Tōngyì Qiānwèn) is a family of large language models developed by Alibaba Cloud. Many Qwen models are distributed under the free and open-source
Qwen
Type of information retrieval using LLMs
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a technique that enables large language models (LLMs) to retrieve and incorporate new information from external data
Retrieval-augmented generation
Retrieval-augmented_generation
autoregressive large language models (LLMs) that generates multiple tokens per decoding step instead of one. A smaller draft model proposes a sequence
Speculative_decoding
Open-standard modeling language for systems engineering
The Lifecycle Modeling Language (LML) is an open-standard modeling language designed for systems engineering. It supports the full lifecycle: conceptual
Lifecycle_Modeling_Language
Software development process
bounded contexts, each of which have their own model. Under domain-driven design, the structure and language of software code (class names, class methods
Domain-driven_design
AI that generates content
generative AI models are also available as open-source software, including Stable Diffusion and the LLaMA language model. Smaller generative AI models with up
Generative_AI
Machine learning technique
natural language feedback, and prompting for direct edits to the model's output. One initial motivation of RLHF was that it requires relatively small amounts
Reinforcement learning from human feedback
Reinforcement_learning_from_human_feedback
Declarative specification language
specification language for expressing complex structural constraints and behavior in a software system. Alloy provides a simple structural modeling tool based
Alloy (specification language)
Alloy_(specification_language)
Theory in linguistics
historical linguistics, the tree model (also Stammbaum, genetic, or cladistic model) is a model of the evolution of languages analogous to the concept of a
Tree_model
Description of a system using mathematical concepts and language
mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed
Mathematical_model
Topics referred to by the same term
zodiac Gemini (astrology), an astrological sign Gemini (language model), series of large language models developed by Google Google Gemini, chatbot Gemini may
Gemini
Image-generating machine learning model
release of Flux.2 model series, consisting of Pro, Flex, Dev, and Apache 2.0-licensed Klein (meaning Little or Small in German language) models along with Flux
Flux_(text-to-image_model)
Hypotheses of second-language acquisition
The input hypothesis, also known as the monitor model, is a group of five hypotheses of second-language acquisition developed by the linguist Stephen Krashen
Input_hypothesis
Language family native to Eurasia
spoken by smaller groups are in danger of extinction. Over 3.4 billion people (42% of the global population) speak an Indo-European language as a first
Indo-European_languages
Behavioral rules for all elements of a programming language
programming language consists of a syntax plus an execution model. The execution model specifies the behavior of elements of the language. By applying
Execution_model
Software engineering methodology
systematic use of a domain-specific language to represent the various facets of a system. Domain-specific modeling languages tend to support higher-level abstractions
Domain-specific_modeling
Machine learning technique
model, produces a fine-tuned model. It allows for performance that approaches full-model fine-tuning with lower space requirements. A language model with
Fine-tuning_(deep_learning)
Aboriginal Australian language family
number of languages. Most of the Pama–Nyungan languages are spoken by small ethnic groups of hundreds of speakers or fewer. Many languages have become
Pama–Nyungan_languages
Generative AI chatbot by OpenAI
OpenAI. Originally released in November 2022, the product uses large language models—specifically generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs)—to generate
ChatGPT
Processing of natural language by a computer
retrieval Language and Communication Technologies Language model Language technology Latent semantic indexing Multi-agent system Native-language identification
Natural_language_processing
Chinese artificial intelligence company
a Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) company that develops large language models (LLMs). Based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, DeepSeek is owned and funded by
DeepSeek
Concept in information theory
exponentiation of the cross entropy of the two distributions. The smaller the perplexity, the better the model. Perplexity was originally introduced in 1977 in the
Perplexity
Large language model and AI chatbot by Anthropic
Claude is a series of large language models developed by American software company Anthropic. Named after Claude Shannon, Claude was released as an AI-based
Claude_(AI)
Exactly solvable model of coupled oscillators
The Kuramoto model (or Kuramoto–Daido model), first proposed by Yoshiki Kuramoto (蔵本 由紀, Kuramoto Yoshiki), is a mathematical model used in describing
Kuramoto_model
Generative Modelling Language (GML) in computer graphics and generative computer programming is a very simple programming language for the concise description
Generative_Modelling_Language
Model of language change
historical linguistics, the wave model, or wave theory (German: Wellentheorie), is a model of language change in which a new language feature (innovation) or a
Wave_model
Structured system of communication
endangered languages for posterity is sufficient. The University of Waikato is using the Welsh language as a model for their Māori language revitalisation
Language
Technique in neural networks for learning joint representations of text and images
Contrastive Language–Image Pre-training (CLIP) is a technique for training a pair of neural network models, one for image understanding and one for text
Contrastive Language–Image Pre-training
Contrastive_Language–Image_Pre-training
Intentionally devised human language
A constructed language is a language for communication between humans (i.e. not with or between computers) which, unlike most languages that naturally
Constructed_language
language of the French Community (which, like the Flemish Community, is a political entity), the dominant language in Wallonia (having also a small German-speaking
Languages_of_Belgium
Software design pattern
Model–view–controller (MVC) is a software architectural pattern commonly used for developing user interfaces that divides the related program logic into
Model–view–controller
Graphical representation for specifying business processes
flowcharting technique very similar to activity diagrams from Unified Modeling Language (UML). The objective of BPMN is to support business process management
Business Process Model and Notation
Business_Process_Model_and_Notation
Business with fewer employees or revenue
Researchers have examined small business failures in some depth, with attempts to model the predictability of failure. Small businesses can encounter several
Small_business
West Germanic language
Germanic language of the Indo-European language family that emerged in early medieval England and has since become a global lingua franca. The language is named
English_language
Artificial intelligence tool
first announced by GitHub on 29 June 2021. Users can choose the large language model used for generation. On June 29, 2021, GitHub announced GitHub Copilot
GitHub_Copilot
Family of programming languages
themselves. Small programs would return results in a few seconds. This led to increasing interest in a system using time-sharing and a new language specifically
BASIC
Major subgroup of the Austronesian language family
such as wiki-wiki) to form new words. Like other Austronesian languages, they have small phonemic inventories; thus a text has few but frequent sounds
Malayo-Polynesian_languages
Image-generating machine learning model
visual programming language akin to many 3D modeling applications. Key papers Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision (2021)
Stable_Diffusion
2019 text-generating language model
Transformer 2 (GPT-2) is a large language model (LLM) by OpenAI and the second in their foundational series of GPT models. GPT-2 was pre-trained on a dataset
GPT-2
Mental representation of the external world
suggested that the mind constructs "small-scale models" of reality that it uses to anticipate events. Mental models can help shape behaviour, including
Mental_model
Electric compact crossover SUV
The Tesla Model Y is a battery electric compact crossover SUV produced by Tesla, Inc. since 2020. Presented in March 2019 as the company's fifth production
Tesla_Model_Y
AI research laboratory
large language models) and other generative AI tools, such as the text-to-image model Imagen, the text-to-video model Veo, and the text-to-music model Lyria
Google_DeepMind
Visual programming language
Bubble is a visual programming language developed by Bubble Group designed for building web and mobile applications. It is a no-code development platform
Bubble_(programming_language)
Sequence generation sampling technique
autoregressive probabilistic models. It was originally proposed by Ari Holtzman, Yejin Choi and colleagues in 2019 for natural language generation to address
Top-p_sampling
Indian actress
Sanchana Natarajan is an Indian model and actress who has appeared in predominantly Tamil-language films. Having appeared in small roles in films including Irudhi
Sanchana_Natarajan
Game Maker Language GameMonkey Script General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) GAP G-code GDScript (Godot) Geometric Description Language (GDL) GEORGE
List_of_programming_languages
Non-language factors that enhance understanding of communication
decrease the total length of a string). Context-sensitive languages can model natural language phenomena such as subject-verb agreement, cross-serial dependencies
Context
Personality model consisting of five broad dimensions
and proneness to anxiety. The five-factor model was developed using empirical research into the language people used to describe themselves, which found
Big_Five_personality_traits
General-purpose programming language
contained in functions rather than top-level statements. The language has a relatively small number of keywords, and user-defined identifiers are not distinguished
C_(programming_language)
Revolver
somewhat smaller and lighter than the original N-frame .357, usually known as the Smith & Wesson Model 27. A stainless steel variant of the Model 19, the
Smith_&_Wesson_Model_19
Object-oriented programming language
Smalltalk Kernel Language Manual (PDF) (Report). Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. p. 3. Retrieved 2026-01-23. Hewitt, Carl (2010-08-09). "Actor Model of Computation:
Smalltalk
Parisian drinking fountain
blouse. The first two models (large model and applied model) were conceived and financed by Sir Richard Wallace. The two other models were created following
Wallace_fountain
Video-generating LLM (2024–2026)
Sora was a text-to-video model and social media app developed by OpenAI. Using artificial intelligence, the model generated short video clips based on
Sora_(text-to-video_model)
Enterprise architecture modeling language
(/ˈɑːrkɪmeɪt/ AR-ki-mayt) is an open and independent enterprise architecture modeling language to support the description, analysis and visualization of architecture
ArchiMate
Organized collection of data in computing
practical considerations, including data modeling, efficient data representation and storage, query languages, security and privacy of sensitive data,
Database
SMALL LANGUAGE-MODEL
SMALL LANGUAGE-MODEL
Boy/Male
Tamil
Prangel | பà¯à®°à®¾à®‚ஜல
Language
Prangel | பà¯à®°à®¾à®‚ஜல
Boy/Male
Gaelic, Hindu, Indian
Small Rough One; Language of God
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Child Language
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Beautiful Language
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Language
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : variant of Small.
Boy/Male
German
Power of an Eagle
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Sale 1.English : from a short form of a personal name beginning with Sal-, for example Salomon.Swedish (Säll) : nickname from säll ‘happy’, ‘fortunate’, probably a soldier’s name.African : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English (East Anglia)
English (East Anglia) : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Language
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the medieval female personal name Mal(le), pet form of Mary (see Marie).Indian (northern states) : Hindu name found in several communities, from Sanskrit malla ‘strongman’, ‘wrestler’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Langdale, Cumbria, named in Old Norse as ‘long valley’, from lang ‘long’ + dalr ‘valley’.Possibly an Americanized form of Norwegian Langdal, Langdalen, Langdahl, habitational names from any of numerous farmsteads named Langdal(en), having the same etymology as 1.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Language
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Sweet Language
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Tongue; Language
Surname or Lastname
Scottish and northern English
Scottish and northern English : variant of Small.English : habitational name from a lost place in eastern Sussex named Smeghel, from Old English smēagel ‘burrow’, or from Brooksmarle (now Broxmead) in Sussex (named with Old English brocc ‘badger’ + smēagel).
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Language
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Small.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a person of slender build or diminutive stature, from Middle English smal ‘thin’, ‘narrow’.Translation of equivalents in other European languages, such as German Klein and Schmal, French Petit.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Small Earth; Sweet Language (Tongue)
SMALL LANGUAGE-MODEL
SMALL LANGUAGE-MODEL
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Name of a Sahabi who Participated in the Battle of Badr
Female
Polish
Polish pet form of Greek Maria, MARYLA means "obstinacy, rebelliousness" or "their rebellion."
Boy/Male
Greek Latin
Grandfather of Perseus.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
More Polite
Boy/Male
Hindu
Versatile
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Thinker one who meditates
Boy/Male
Muslim
Intuition, Conjecture, Wisdom
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Beautiful Lord
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Stockdale.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Leading to Glory
SMALL LANGUAGE-MODEL
SMALL LANGUAGE-MODEL
SMALL LANGUAGE-MODEL
SMALL LANGUAGE-MODEL
SMALL LANGUAGE-MODEL
v. t.
To communicate by language; to express in language.
superl.
Having little size, compared with other things of the same kind; little in quantity or degree; diminutive; not large or extended in dimension; not great; not much; inconsiderable; as, a small man; a small river.
adv.
In a small quantity or degree; with minuteness.
adv.
In or to small extent, quantity, or degree; little; slightly.
superl.
Being of slight consequence; feeble in influence or importance; unimportant; trivial; insignificant; as, a small fault; a small business.
superl.
Not prolonged in duration; not extended in time; short; as, after a small space.
n. pl.
See Small, n., 2, 3.
v. i.
A bench or table on which small articles of merchandise are exposed for sale.
v. i.
To exercise the sense of smell.
v. t.
To fatten; as, to stall cattle.
n.
The language of the ancient Germans; the Teutonic languages, collectively.
n.
The Provencal language. See Langue d'oc.
v. t.
To put into a stall or stable; to keep in a stall or stalls; as, to stall an ox.
n.
The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers.
v. i.
A small apartment or shed in which merchandise is exposed for sale; as, a butcher's stall; a bookstall.
imp. & p. p.
of Language
n.
The small or slender part of a thing; as, the small of the leg or of the back.
n.
The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or department of knowledge; as, medical language; the language of chemistry or theology.
a.
Having a language; skilled in language; -- chiefly used in composition.