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Eradicated viral disease
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by Variola virus (often called Smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally
Smallpox
Vaccine against Variola virus
The smallpox vaccine is used to prevent smallpox infection caused by the variola virus. It is the first vaccine to have been developed against a contagious
Smallpox_vaccine
Smallpox Bay is a bay on the west side of San Juan Island in the U.S. state of Washington. Smallpox Bay was named for the fact that a group of indigenous
Smallpox_Bay
The history of smallpox extends into pre-history. Genetic evidence suggests that the smallpox virus emerged 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. Prior to that, similar
History_of_smallpox
Building in Manhattan, New York
The Smallpox Hospital, sometimes referred to as the Renwick Smallpox Hospital and later the Maternity and Charity Hospital Training School, was a hospital
Smallpox_Hospital
Event leading to the last known smallpox death
In 1978, a smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom led to the death of Janet Parker, a British medical photographer. She was the last person recorded to
1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom
1978_smallpox_outbreak_in_the_United_Kingdom
Debate about the future of smallpox samples
The smallpox virus retention debate has been going on among scientists and health officials since the smallpox virus was declared eradicated by the World
Smallpox virus retention debate
Smallpox_virus_retention_debate
Smallpox was a variable yet often fatal viral infectious disease. Even with good nursing, it regularly killed around 30% of recognised cases. Though widespread
Smallpox_in_Australia
Old World plagues that decimated the indigenous population. Epidemics of smallpox, typhus, influenza, diphtheria, and measles swept the Americas subsequent
Native American disease and epidemics
Native_American_disease_and_epidemics
Japanese mythological figure
Smallpox demon (Japanese: 疱瘡神, Hōsōgami, Hōsōshin) or smallpox devil is a demon which was believed to be responsible for causing smallpox in medieval
Smallpox_demon
epidemics in history. Pandemic portal Globalization and disease History of smallpox List of infectious diseases List of natural disasters by death toll#Deadliest
List of epidemics and pandemics
List_of_epidemics_and_pandemics
1633 smallpox outbreak
The Massachusetts smallpox epidemic or colonial epidemic was a smallpox outbreak that hit Massachusetts in 1633. Smallpox outbreaks were not confined
Massachusetts smallpox epidemic
Massachusetts_smallpox_epidemic
Disease outbreak in North America
North American smallpox epidemic. Estimates based on remnant settlements say at least 130,000 people were estimated to have died from smallpox in the epidemic
1775–1782 North American smallpox epidemic
1775–1782_North_American_smallpox_epidemic
Puritan clergyman (1663–1728)
researched the variolation method of inoculation as a means of preventing smallpox contagion, which he learned about from an African-American slave whom he
Cotton_Mather
Preparation for acquired immunity to disease
to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from
Vaccine
English physician (1749–1823)
physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines and created the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. The terms vaccine and vaccination are
Edward_Jenner
The history of smallpox in Mexico spans approximately 430 years, from the Spanish invasion and colonization of Central America until its official eradication
History_of_smallpox_in_Mexico
Species of poxvirus
immunity to the deadly smallpox. Jenner referred to cowpox as variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow). However, the origins of the smallpox vaccine became murky
Vaccinia
Former method of smallpox immunisation
was the method of inoculation first used to immunize individuals against smallpox (Variola) with material taken from a patient or a recently variolated individual
Variolation
Smallpox epidemic that afflicted much of Japan
The 735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic (天平の疫病大流行, Tenpyō no ekibyō dairyūkō; "Epidemic of the Tenpyō era") was a smallpox epidemic that afflicted much
735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic
735–737_Japanese_smallpox_epidemic
2018 book by Mark Pallen
The Last Days of Smallpox: Tragedy in Birmingham is a 2018 nonfiction account of the events leading up to and following the 1978 smallpox outbreak in the
The_Last_Days_of_Smallpox
Disease outbreak in Yugoslavia
The 1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak was the largest outbreak of smallpox in Europe after the Second World War. It was centered in Kosovo, a province of
1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak
1972_Yugoslav_smallpox_outbreak
Disease outbreak in Australia
1789, Sydney, Australia, experienced one of its most violent outbreaks of smallpox when the disease swept through Aboriginal and colonial Australians on the
1789_Sydney_smallpox_outbreak
Administration of a vaccine to protect against disease
to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the elimination of diseases such as polio and tetanus from much of
Vaccination
Last naturally acquired case of smallpox (1954–2013)
person known to have been infected with naturally occurring Variola minor smallpox. The disease was diagnosed in October 1977 and Maalin made a full recovery
Ali_Maow_Maalin
Country within the United Kingdom
most influential entrepreneurs in history. The physician Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine is said to have "saved more lives ... than were lost in all the
England
Country in South America
from the original on 6 June 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2009. "Drought, Smallpox, and Emergence of Leishmania braziliensis in Northeastern Brazil" Archived
Brazil
UK communicable disease incident
The 1966 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom was an outbreak of mild smallpox which began with Tony McLennan, a photographer at the Medical School
1966 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom
1966_smallpox_outbreak_in_the_United_Kingdom
War of 1529–1532. Smallpox was only the first epidemic. Typhus (probably) in 1546, influenza and smallpox together in 1558, smallpox again in 1589, diphtheria
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
Smallpox outbreak in Bradford, England
An outbreak of smallpox in Bradford in 1962 first came to attention on 11 January 1962, when a cook from the children's hospital in Bradford, West Riding
Bradford smallpox outbreak of 1962
Bradford_smallpox_outbreak_of_1962
Disease outbreak in India
The 1974 smallpox epidemic in India infected 188,000 people, leading to the deaths of 31,000 Indians. The media reported the smallpox epidemic as the most
1974 smallpox epidemic in India
1974_smallpox_epidemic_in_India
Disease outbreak in Boston, USA
In 1721, Boston experienced its worst outbreak of smallpox (also known as variola). 5,759 people out of around 10,600 in Boston were infected and 844 were
1721_Boston_smallpox_outbreak
Hindu goddess
ghouls, pustules, and diseases, and most directly linked with the disease smallpox. Shitala is worshipped on Tuesday Saptami and Ashtami (the seventh and
Shitala
British virologist
Medical School, where his research focused on smallpox and monkeypox virus. Bedson was head of the smallpox laboratory at Birmingham when Janet Parker,
Henry_Bedson
Disease outbreak in the United States
Between 1836 and 1840, smallpox became widespread across the Great Plains. The epidemic reached its height following the spring of 1837, when an American
1837 Great Plains smallpox epidemic
1837_Great_Plains_smallpox_epidemic
1346–1353 pandemic in Eurasia and North Africa
a combination of bubonic plague with other diseases, including typhus, smallpox, and respiratory infections. In addition to the bubonic infection, others
Black_Death
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
stockpiled the biological agents that cause anthrax, plague, tularemia, smallpox, botulism and others. Genetic engineering improved agent stability and
Soviet_Union
Smallpox outbreak from a Soviet bioweapon test
The Aral smallpox incident was a 30 July 1971 outbreak of the viral disease which occurred as a result of a field test at a Soviet biological weapons (BW)
1971_Aral_smallpox_incident
Acts of genocide committed against Indigenous peoples in Canada
historical records as the 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic. The 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic started in Victoria on Vancouver Island
Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples
Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples
Type of steel rod used to administer smallpox vaccine
is a needle type known for its use during the World Health Organization smallpox eradication campaign. The bifurcated needle was invented in 1965 by microbiologist
Bifurcated_needle
List of characters appearing in the Marvel Cinematic Universe
his mother Fen ingested a vibranium-laced herb to gain immunity from smallpox while pregnant with her son. The effects of the herb caused her and the
Characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe: M–Z
Characters_of_the_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_M–Z
Country in South America
Spaniards executed Atahualpa by strangulation. New infectious diseases such as smallpox, endemic to the Europeans, caused high fatalities among the Amerindian
Ecuador
Reluctance or refusal of vaccines
appropriate way to deal with smallpox outbreaks and was listed as one of the "important events in the history of smallpox control" by those most involved
Vaccine_hesitancy
Disease outbreak in Poland
The smallpox epidemic in Wrocław was the last outbreak of smallpox in Poland and one of the last in Europe (the 1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak was last)
1963 Wrocław smallpox epidemic
1963_Wrocław_smallpox_epidemic
Country in the Caribbean
two-thirds of those few indigenous individuals who had previously survived smallpox. On 18 May 1539, conquistador Hernando de Soto departed from Havana with
Cuba
Gene variant
smallpox epidemic. Although plague has killed a greater number people in a given time period, smallpox has collectively taken more lives. As smallpox
CCR5-Δ32
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953
Church School, where he excelled. Stalin faced health problems: an 1884 smallpox infection left him with facial scars, and at age 12, he was seriously injured
Joseph_Stalin
Disease outbreak in North America
The 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic was a major outbreak of smallpox that began in Victoria, on Vancouver Island, and quickly spread among Indigenous
1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
1862_Pacific_Northwest_smallpox_epidemic
President of the United States from 1861 to 1865
either documented or speculated to have suffered from are depression, smallpox, and malaria. He took blue mass pills, which contained mercury, to treat
Abraham_Lincoln
Specialized agency of the United Nations
in several public health achievements, most notably the eradication of smallpox, the near-eradication of polio, and the development of an Ebola vaccine
World_Health_Organization
2002 British docudrama
Smallpox 2002: Silent Weapon is a fictional docudrama produced by Wall to Wall, showing how a single act of bioterrorism leads to terrifying consequences
Smallpox_2002
2002 nonfiction book by Richard Preston
the Freezer is a 2002 nonfiction book on the biological weapon agents smallpox and anthrax and how the American government develops defensive measures
The_Demon_in_the_Freezer
U.S. state
Three-fourths of the native population in Virginia, however, died from smallpox and other Old World diseases during that century, disrupting their oral
Virginia
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
and Europe for centuries. Rhazes was the first to identify the diseases smallpox and measles. Public hospitals of the time issued the first medical diplomas
Islam
opposed compulsory smallpox vaccination for smallpox from the final decades of the 19th century through the 1910s. During this period, smallpox vaccination was
Anti-vaccine_activism
Disease outbreak in Iceland
Iceland experienced one of its deadliest outbreaks of smallpox beginning in 1707. The epidemic, known in Iceland as Stórabóla, ultimately killed between
1707–08 Iceland smallpox epidemic
1707–08_Iceland_smallpox_epidemic
Country in South America
decline in population due to conquest as well as Eurasian diseases, such as smallpox, to which they had no immunity. Regarding the land as deserted, the Spanish
Colombia
Most populous city in Pennsylvania, US
Lenape communities were also weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and conflicts with Europeans. The Iroquois occasionally fought the Lenape
Philadelphia
Smallpox outbreak
The 1947 New York City smallpox outbreak occurred in March 1947 and was declared ended on April 24, 1947. The outbreak marked the largest mass vaccination
1947 New York City smallpox outbreak
1947_New_York_City_smallpox_outbreak
English surgeon and apothecary (1738–1824)
the discovery of the smallpox vaccine. In 1768 Fewster realized that prior infection with cowpox rendered a person immune to smallpox. Fewster was educated
John_Fewster
English polymath (1642–1727)
London. In a surviving letter written in 1700 while she was recovering from smallpox, Newton closed with the phrase "your very loving uncle", expressing familial
Isaac_Newton
Widespread, often global, epidemic of severe infectious disease
human history, there have been a number of pandemics of diseases such as smallpox. The Black Death, caused by the Plague, caused the deaths of up to half
Pandemic
11 British ships establishing an Australian penal colony
introduced smallpox in the Aboriginal population". Other historians have disputed the idea that there was a deliberate release of smallpox virus and/or
First_Fleet
Pharaoh in the ancient Egypt
form of modern smallpox dates back to 1580 AD, this study merely indicates that the strains of smallpox circulating at the time of smallpox eradication had
Ramesses_V
Vaccine against smallpox and mpox
US) against smallpox and mpox, having fewer side effects than smallpox vaccines derived from other poxviruses. This third-generation smallpox vaccine has
Modified_vaccinia_Ankara
Capital city of New South Wales, Australia
the Cumberland Plain. By 1804, the colony was self-sufficient in food. A smallpox epidemic in April 1789 killed about half the region's Indigenous population
Sydney
Infectious disease caused by Borrelia bacteria, spread by ticks
BIBP† Skycovione† Sputnik V† Valneva† Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Smallpox Tick-borne encephalitis# Varicella zoster Chicken pox# Shingles Yellow
Lyme_disease
the smallpox vaccination certificates were not always checked by qualified airport personnel, or when passengers transferred at airports in smallpox-free
Vaccination requirements for international travel
Vaccination_requirements_for_international_travel
Island country in the Atlantic Ocean
invasion in Icelandic history to have casualties. The 1707–08 Iceland smallpox epidemic is estimated to have killed a quarter to a third of the population
Iceland
U.S. state
as other Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, experienced smallpox outbreaks from the late 18th through the mid-19th century, with the most
Alaska
Siege during Pontiac's War
Ecuyer, a Swiss mercenary in British service, may have given items from a smallpox infirmary as gifts to Native American emissaries with the hope of spreading
Siege_of_Fort_Pitt
Disease outbreak in North America
Between 1738 and 1739, a smallpox epidemic broke out among the Cherokee who resided in the Province of North Carolina, as well as in the Province of South
1738–1739 North Carolina smallpox epidemic
1738–1739_North_Carolina_smallpox_epidemic
Disease outbreak in Guam
An epidemic of smallpox in 1856 on the west Pacific island of Guam, then under the control of Spain, resulted in the death of over half of the population
1856_Guam_smallpox_epidemic
Island country in the Caribbean
years after 1492, the population of Taínos had declined drastically due to smallpox, measles, and other diseases that arrived with the Europeans. African slaves
Dominican_Republic
Book by Michael Bennett
War Against Smallpox: Edward Jenner and the Global Spread of Vaccination is a 2020 book by historian and academic Michael J. Bennett. It describes "the
War_Against_Smallpox
Former hospital network in Glasgow, Scotland
City of Glasgow Fever and Smallpox Hospitals (Belvidere), Glasgow, Scotland were established in 1870 and closed in 1999. The first fever hospital in Glasgow
City of Glasgow Fever and Smallpox Hospitals
City_of_Glasgow_Fever_and_Smallpox_Hospitals
Habsburg monarch from 1740 to 1780
the Archduchess in 1723. These plans were forestalled by his death from smallpox that year. Leopold Clement's younger brother, Francis Stephen, was invited
Maria_Theresa
Family of viruses
Chordopoxvirinae infect vertebrates. Diseases associated with this family include smallpox. Four genera of poxviruses can infect humans: Orthopoxvirus, Parapoxvirus
Poxviridae
Disease of humans and animals
often deadly smallpox disease. Its close resemblance to the mild form of smallpox and the observation that dairy farmers were immune to smallpox inspired
Cowpox
Transfers between the Old and New Worlds
culture. New WorldOld World Maize ▶ ◀ Wheat Turkey ▶ ◀ Cattle Syphilis ▶ ◀ Smallpox Smoking ▶ ◀ Christianity The Columbian exchange, also known as the Columbian
Columbian_exchange
Valet to Abraham Lincoln (1833–1864)
of the onset of smallpox. At that time, an epidemic was spreading through Washington, D.C. and Lincoln's son Tad Lincoln had smallpox. Johnson tended
William_Henry_Johnson_(valet)
Country in Central America
population of the Mesoamerican area had been drastically reduced by the smallpox epidemic that was spreading throughout the territory, although it had not
El_Salvador
Italian navigator and explorer (1451–1506)
caused by smallpox, which may have caused a pandemic only after the arrival of Hernán Cortés in 1519. According to some estimates, smallpox had an 80–90%
Christopher_Columbus
Medical condition
vaccine-associated smallpox rash, is a self-limiting, cutaneous condition characterized by a sudden eruption of a rash following the smallpox vaccination injection
Roseola_vaccinia
Country in Southeast-Central Europe
to March 1978. The 1972 smallpox outbreak in SAP Kosovo and other parts of SR Serbia was the last major outbreak of smallpox in Europe since World War
Serbia
Genus of viruses (poxes)
genus include smallpox, cowpox, horsepox, camelpox, and mpox. The most widely known member of the genus is Variola virus, which causes smallpox. It was eradicated
Orthopoxvirus
U.S. state
upstate New York. Her parents and only brother died when she was 4 during a smallpox epidemic that left her badly scarred and with impaired eyesight. She went
New_York_(state)
Last known person to have been infected with naturally occurring Variola major smallpox
naturally occurring Variola major smallpox, the more deadly variety of the disease. Rahima Banu's case of smallpox at three years old was reported to
Rahima_Banu
Caribbean Nation
Over the next 20 years, several epidemics of cholera, scarlet fever, and smallpox hit the island, killing almost 60,000 people (about 10 per day).[citation
Jamaica
Country in the Caribbean
(2004). Smallpox: The Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24220-3. "History of Smallpox – Smallpox Through
Haiti
Rejected AIDS origin hypotheses
eradicated smallpox". An article in The Times suggested this, attributing to an unnamed "adviser to WHO" the quote "I believe the smallpox vaccine theory
Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories
Discredited_HIV/AIDS_origins_theories
Indian public health official (1931–2020)
official, best known for his efforts to eradicate smallpox in India as the appraisal officer for smallpox in Bihar during the 1974 epidemic. He later served
Mahendra_Dutta
1521 conquest of the Aztec capital by the Spanish Empire and rival indigenous tribes
population at the time was devastated due to a smallpox epidemic, which killed much of its leadership. Because smallpox had been endemic in Spain for centuries
Fall_of_Tenochtitlan
Global intergovernmental organization
largest agencies. In 1980, the agency announced that the eradication of smallpox had been completed. In subsequent decades, WHO eradicated polio, river
United_Nations
Stoic philosopher, Roman emperor from 161 to 180
nine days" were among the symptoms. It is believed that the plague was smallpox. In the view of historian Rafe de Crespigny, the plagues afflicting the
Marcus_Aurelius
African man enslaved in Boston
an African (likely Akan) man who was instrumental in the mitigation of smallpox in Boston, Massachusetts. He introduced his enslaver, Puritan clergyman
Onesimus_(Bostonian)
Civil War general, U.S. president from 1869 to 1877
agents cheating local Indians of their supplies, and their devastation from smallpox and measles spread by white settlers, he developed empathy for their plight
Ulysses_S._Grant
Elimination of a disease from all hosts
population to zero. Two infectious diseases have successfully been eradicated: smallpox in humans, and rinderpest in ruminants. As of 2026[update], the Carter
Eradication of infectious diseases
Eradication_of_infectious_diseases
British farmer and vaccination pioneer
against smallpox using cowpox. The notion that those people infected with cowpox, a relatively mild disease, were subsequently protected against smallpox was
Benjamin_Jesty
epidemics of the 19th century included long-standing epidemic threats such as smallpox, typhus, yellow fever, and scarlet fever. In addition, cholera emerged
Diseases and epidemics of the 19th century
Diseases_and_epidemics_of_the_19th_century
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Shiva
Female
Finnish
Finnish form of Scandinavian Birgitta, PIRKITTA means "exalted one."
Boy/Male
Chinese
Man of virtue.
Girl/Female
Egyptian
Lover of silence.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Hard to Cross
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English
Free Man
Boy/Male
Muslim
Happy, Advances
Boy/Male
Tamil
Montesh | மோநà¯à®¤à¯‡à®·
Mountain
Male
Irish
Variant spelling of Irish RuaidhrÃ, RUAIRÃ means "red king."
Boy/Male
Australian, Basque, French, Greek, Norse, Scandinavian, Swedish
Lion-man; Masculine; Manly; Brave
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
SMALLPOX
n.
A contagious, constitutional, febrile disease characterized by a peculiar eruption; variola. The cutaneous eruption is at first a collection of papules which become vesicles (first flat, subsequently umbilicated) and then pustules, and finally thick crusts which slough after a certain time, often leaving a pit, or scar.
v. t.
To communicate a disease to ( a person ) by inserting infectious matter in the skin or flesh; as, to inoculate a person with the virus of smallpox,rabies, etc. See Vaccinate.
n.
A slight, navel-like depression, or dimpling, of the center of a rounded body; as, the umbilication of a smallpox vesicle; also, the condition of being umbilicated.
n.
The smallpox.
n.
Inoculation with smallpox.
v. t.
To mark with little hollows, as by various pustules; as, a face pitted by smallpox.
a.
Marked with little pits, as in smallpox. See Pit, v. t., 2.
a.
Resembling smallpox; pertaining to the disease called varioloid.
superl.
Full of pocks; affected with smallpox or other eruptive disease.
n.
The indentation or mark left by a pustule, as in smallpox.
a.
Broken out, or marked, with smallpox; pock-fretten.
a.
Marked by smallpox; pitted.
v. t.
To take or receive; esp. to take by sympathy, contagion, infection, or exposure; as, to catch the spirit of an occasion; to catch the measles or smallpox; to catch cold; the house caught fire.
a.
Depressed in the middle, like a navel, as a flower, fruit, or leaf; navel-shaped; having an umbilicus; as, an umbilicated smallpox vesicle.
n.
An efflorescence or discoloration of the skin; an eruption or breaking out, as in measles, smallpox, scarlatina, and the like diseases; -- sometimes limited to eruptions attended with fever.
n.
The act, art, or practice of vaccinating, or inoculating with the cowpox, in order to prevent or mitigate an attack of smallpox. Cf. Inoculation.
n.
A mark or pit made by smallpox.
a.
Of or pertaining to the smallpox; having pits, or sunken impressions, like those of the smallpox; variolar; variolic.
n.
Strictly, a disease by pustules or eruptions of any kind, but chiefly or wholly restricted to three or four diseases, -- the smallpox, the chicken pox, and the vaccine and the venereal diseases.
a.
The smallpox as modified by previous inoculation or vaccination.