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Water content of the soil
Soil moisture is the water content of the soil. It can be expressed in terms of volume or weight. Soil moisture measurement can be based on in situ probes
Soil_moisture
Instrument to measure soil water content
Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. Since the direct gravimetric measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, drying
Soil_moisture_sensor
Presence of a liquid, especially water, often in trace amounts
commercial products. Moisture also refers to the amount of water vapor present in the air. The soil also includes moisture. Control of moisture in products can
Moisture
Classification of soil types
of soils. The orders are: Alfisol – soils with aluminium and iron. They have horizons of clay accumulation, and form where there is enough moisture and
USDA_soil_taxonomy
NASA earth monitoring satellite
Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) is a NASA environmental monitoring satellite that measures soil moisture across the planet. It is designed to collect
Soil_Moisture_Active_Passive
Quantity of water contained in a material
Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material, such as soil (called soil moisture), rock, ceramics, crops, or wood
Water_content
Field of scientific study
and high irradiance all exacerbate soil moisture insufficiency. Soil moisture availability is also reduced at low soil temperature. One of the earliest
Ecohydrology
Earth, a natural material
Shrink–swell capacity Soil biodiversity Soil liquefaction Soil moisture velocity equation Soil zoology Tillage erosion World Soil Museum Voroney, R. Paul;
Soil
Non-irrigated farming in areas with little rainfall during the growing season
areas characterized by a cool wet season (which charges the soil with virtually all the moisture that the crops will receive prior to harvest) followed by
Dryland_farming
Biogeochemical cycle for movement of water on Earth
water becomes soil moisture or groundwater. A recent global study using water stable isotopes, however, shows that not all soil moisture is equally available
Water_cycle
Soil type
soil moisture regime. It is one of a range of different soil moisture regimes, such as: aquic moisture regime, aridic moisture regime, udic moisture regime
Ustic
Chemical process produced by soil and the organisms within it
considered soil respiration. The amount of soil respiration that occurs in an ecosystem is controlled by several factors. The temperature, moisture, nutrient
Soil_respiration
Hydrological property of soil
and soil health. Pores (the spaces that exist between soil particles) provide for the passage and/or retention of gasses and moisture within the soil profile
Soil_water_(retention)
Soil surface coverings
to the surface of soil. Reasons for applying mulch include conservation of soil moisture, improving fertility and health of the soil, reducing weed growth
Mulch
ESA earth observation satellite
Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) is a satellite which forms part of ESA's Living Planet Programme. It is intended to provide new insights into
Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity
Soil_Moisture_and_Ocean_Salinity
Flow of excess rainwater not infiltrating in the ground over its surface
overland flow, or Dunne runoff. Soil retains a degree of moisture after a rainfall. This residual water moisture affects the soil's infiltration capacity. During
Surface_runoff
Soil type with pH > 8.5
the total concentration of ions in the soil moisture in the sense that higher concentrations (as when the soil dries out) cause the DDL zone to shrink
Alkali_soil
Science of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth
processes. Higher temperatures reduce viscosity, increasing infiltration. Soil moisture can be measured in various ways; by capacitance probe, time domain reflectometer
Hydrology
today most fresh water exists in the form of ice, snow, groundwater and soil moisture, with only 0.3% in liquid form on the surface. Of the liquid surface
Water_distribution_on_Earth
Underground wall placed to block plant roots
structures or other plants, but root barriers are also used to preserve soil moisture. Root barriers were developed to stop trees damaging buildings. Concrete
Root_barrier
Soil moisture test
laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry
Proctor_compaction_test
Storage of water by various means
the pore space of unsaturated soil immediately below the ground surface. Soil moisture is the water held between soil particles in the root zone (rhizosphere)
Water_storage
Period with less precipitation than normal
drought is causing plant stress from a combination of evaporation and low soil moisture. Some organizations add another category: socioeconomic drought occurs
Drought
Process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil
time if necessary. The infiltration capacity decreases as the soil moisture content of soils surface layers increases. If the precipitation rate exceeds
Infiltration_(hydrology)
Speed of water in soil
The soil moisture velocity equation describes the speed that water moves vertically through unsaturated soil under the combined actions of gravity and
Soil moisture velocity equation
Soil_moisture_velocity_equation
Plastic film used in the role of mulch
the soil due to evaporation. This means less water will be needed for irrigation. Plastic mulches also aid in evenly distributing moisture to the soil, which
Plastic_mulch
American scientist
responsible for developing techniques for sea surface temperature and soil moisture remote sensing using microwave radiometers. He produced the first microwave-derived
Eni_G._Njoku
Depth of soil from which plant roots extract water
The soil moisture zone is the depth of soil from which plant roots extract water. This article incorporates public domain material from Jasper Womach
Soil_moisture_zone
Ongoing megadrought in southwestern North America that began in 2000
millennium. Researchers used tree ring chronologies to reconstruct summer soil moisture and snow water equivalents back to 800 CE. This allowed the identification
Southwestern North American megadrought
Southwestern_North_American_megadrought
seven soil deposits in India. They are alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, laterite soil, arid soil, forest soil, mountainous soil, and marsh soil. These
Major_soil_deposits_of_India
Estimate of soil moisture deficit
estimate of the soil moisture deficit, which is the amount of water necessary to bring the soil moisture to its full capacity. A high soil moisture deficit means
Keetch–Byram_drought_index
Amount of evaporation
of water or soil moisture percentage. If the actual evapotranspiration (AET) is considered the net result of atmospheric demand for moisture from a surface
Potential_evapotranspiration
Garden in an area with little or no sunlight
help maintain soil moisture in sites with dry shade. The proximity of shade trees in a shade garden site may lead to pre-existing soil to have dense tree
Shade_garden
watering. Feel and appearance method: Taking a soil sample by hand to estimate moisture content based on how the soil ribbons or clumps. This method uses sensors
Irrigation_scheduling
Process of applying extra water in the cultivation of grapevines
There are several methods of evaluating soil moisture. The most basic is simple observation and feeling of the soil, however this has its limitations since
Irrigation_in_viticulture
Geophysical technique for imaging sub-surface structures
Soil resistivity, measured in ohm-centimeters (Ω⋅cm), varies with moisture content and temperature changes. In general, an increase in soil moisture results
Electrical resistivity tomography
Electrical_resistivity_tomography
Process of soil formation
shade soils, keeping them cooler and slowing evaporation of soil moisture. Conversely, by way of transpiration, plants can cause soils to lose moisture, resulting
Soil_formation
Communities of living organisms on the soil surface in arid and semi-arid ecosystems
The effect of biological soil crusts on water infiltration and soil moisture depends on the dominant crust organisms, soil characteristics, and climate
Biological_soil_crust
Substance added to soil to enhance plant growth
widely used packaged organic soil amendment. It is an immature form of coal which improves soil aeration and moisture and thus soil biological activity but
Fertilizer
Natural processes of water movement within the water cycle
amount of moisture that is consistent in the soil. Moisture content within the soil effects total evapotranspiration. Areas with lower moisture levels in
Evapotranspiration
Displacement of soil by water, wind, and lifeforms
by temperature and moisture dependent soil microbial activity as well as plant biomass production rates; c) changes in soil moisture due to shifting precipitation
Soil_erosion
Container used for keeping plants and animals
moisture from the soil and plants. The water vapor then condenses onto the walls of the container, eventually falling back onto the plants and soil below
Terrarium
Any change or disturbance to the environment perceived to be deleterious or undesirable
affect soil moisture, surface runoff, and groundwater recharge. In areas with decreasing precipitation as predicted by the climate models, soil moisture may
Environmental_degradation
Study of microorganisms in soil
2026. Lousier, J. Daniel (August 1974). "Response of soil Testacea to soil moisture fluctuations". Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 6 (4): 235–9. Bibcode:1974SBiBi
Soil_microbiology
Concept in hydrology
Field capacity is the amount of soil moisture or water content held in the soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement
Field_capacity
Land adjacent to a water body which is flooded during periods of high water
creates variation in localized hydrologic conditions. Soil moisture within the upper 30 cm of the soil profile also varies widely based on microtopography
Floodplain
Species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae
stem. Guar taproots can access soil moisture in low soil depths. This legume develops root nodules with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria rhizobia in the surface
Guar
Disease in plants
have different tolerances for soil moisture: plants evolved for desert conditions will experience root rot at lower moisture levels than plants evolved for
Root_rot
Processes of managing land
to ensure water security by increasing soil moisture availability, decreasing surface runoff, and decreasing soil erosion. Unsustainable land managements
Land_management
Relationship between water and soil
and the soil water potential, ψ. The soil moisture curve is characteristic for different soil types, and is also called the soil moisture characteristic
Water_retention_curve
Vegetation index
derived NDVI products have been shown to be unstable, varying with soil colour, soil moisture, and saturation effects from high density vegetation. In an attempt
Soil-adjusted vegetation index
Soil-adjusted_vegetation_index
Regional drought index
The Palmer Drought Index is based on a supply-and-demand model of soil moisture. Supply is comparatively straightforward to calculate, but demand is
Palmer_drought_index
Morphological property of soil
does indicate important information about soil organic matter content, mineralogy, moisture, and leaching. Soil can display a wide range of colors including
Soil_color
Sequence of soils on a slope
acidic peaty podsols on the steeper facets. Thus the soil depth, acidity (pH), and soil moisture vary continuously along the slope. On a permeable basic
Catena_(soil)
Species of rodent
environments, especially areas near Banksia ornata, due to consistent soil moisture and food availability. The silky mouse primarily feeds on seeds, nectar
Silky_mouse
Process in geotechnical engineering to increase soil density
vertisols, recover quickly from compaction where moisture conditions are variable (dry spells shrink the soil, causing it to crack). But clays such as kaolinite
Soil_compaction
Ability of a soil to sustain agricultural plant growth
is with sufficient soil organic matter for healthy soil structure and soil moisture retention; Soil pH in the range 5.5 to 7.0 (suitable for most plants
Soil_fertility
Earthy smell when rain falls on dry soil
rock or soil materials after dry conditions when they are exposed to moisture. The smell is associated with oils that accumulate in rocks and soil during
Petrichor
Device used to measure matric water potential
tensiometer in soil science is a measuring instrument used to determine the matric water potential ( Ψ m {\displaystyle \Psi _{m}} ) (soil moisture tension)
Tensiometer_(soil_science)
Long-term process of a region becoming increasingly arid
seasonal variation. It is often measured as the reduction of average soil moisture content. It can be caused by reduced precipitation, increased evaporation
Aridification
Soil type; fertile black-coloured soil
CHUR-nə-zem), also called black soil, black earth, dark earth, regur soil or black cotton soil, is a black-colored soil containing a high percentage of
Chernozem
Instrument used to measure moisture content
concrete, and soil. Direct gravimetric measurement of free moisture requires removing, drying, and weighing of a sample, so moisture sensors measure
Moisture_meter
Vegetation cover change
soils promote woody plant growth, while fine-textured soils limit it. Moreover, the likelihood of woody encroachment is influenced by soil moisture and
Woody_plant_encroachment
Soil additive
most often remains their cost-effectiveness, their ability to increase soil moisture for longer periods, stimulate microbiological activity, increase nutrient
Soil_conditioner
Organic matter on tree branches hosting epiphytes and other arboreal biomass
in available soil moisture. Most epiphytes have very shallow root systems, mainly used to attach them to their host tree. Thus moisture-dependent epiphytes
Canopy_soils
Dead plant material that has fallen to the ground
releases nutrients into the soil when decomposed, and also forms a loose layer of covering that preserves soil moisture, reduces soil erosion and provides concealment
Plant_litter
Water located beneath the ground surface
aquifers, but, in the technical sense, it can also contain soil moisture, permafrost (frozen soil), immobile water in very low permeability bedrock, and deep
Groundwater
(characterised by water retention curve) required to dry a soil at particular soil moisture content Available water capacity Nonlimiting water range Minasny
Integral_energy
Pest control method
and biological changes in the soil community. Soil solarization is dependent upon time, temperature, and soil moisture. It may also be described as a
Soil_solarization
are portions of land where the soil moisture is much higher than in the vegetation surrounding it. These high moisture levels create lawns that attract
Marsupial_lawn
Topics referred to by the same term
satellite mission and predecessor of the Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite, providing measurements of soil-moisture and freeze thaw state Hydros, a fictional
Hydros
Geotechnical characteristics of a soil related to its water content
fine portion of a soil on a flat, non-porous surface. The procedure is defined in ASTM Standard D 4318. If the soil is at a moisture content where its
Atterberg_limits
secondary structures. Soil bulk density, when determined at standardized moisture conditions, is an estimate of soil compaction. Soil porosity consists of
Physical_properties_of_soil
Topics referred to by the same term
Watt-peak (Wp), the nominal power of a photovoltaic Wilting point, in soil moisture determination Weakest precondition (wp), in computer science Windows
WP
Surface and subsurface layers of soil
expected for perennial plants assuming that soil moisture conditions and soil chemistry are not limiting. In some soils the lower limit of the solum can be set
Solum
Species of reptile
moderately decayed logs. Soil moisture is also an important factor in nest selection. Females often place nests in regions where soil moisture is higher than in
Plestiodon_fasciatus
Species of tree
depends on rainfall distribution, water holding capacity of the soil, and sub-soil moisture. It is suited for temperature range of 10 to 40 °C (50 to 104 °F)
Simarouba_glauca
Soil classification based on water availability
The udic moisture regime is common to soils of humid climates which have well-distributed rainfall, or which have enough rain in summer so that the amount
Udic_moisture_regime
Liquid water on a planet
on Earth. This includes water in gaseous, liquid and frozen forms as soil moisture, groundwater and permafrost in the Earth's crust (to a depth of 2 km);
Hydrosphere
Species of plant
and yield of bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterranea ) in response to soil moisture". The Journal of Agricultural Science. 126 (3): 307–318. Bibcode:1996JAS
Vigna_subterranea
Sources of water that are potentially useful for humans
by type Glaciers (69.0%) Groundwater (30.0%) Other freshwater (e.g. soil moisture) (0.70%) Directly accessible water (0.30%) Water resources are natural
Water_resources
Climate change influence on water cycle
other water reservoirs such as oceans, ice sheets, the atmosphere, and soil moisture. The water cycle is essential to life on Earth and plays a large role
Effects of climate change on the water cycle
Effects_of_climate_change_on_the_water_cycle
Parameter used in hydrology
curve numbers for antecedent soil moisture condition II (average moisture condition). To alter the curve number based on moisture condition or other parameters
Runoff_curve_number
American hydrologist
Method for Estimating the Spatial Variability of Soil Particle Size Distribution from Observed Soil Moisture". Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. 15 (11):
Christa_Peters-Lidard
Topics referred to by the same term
Soil water can refer to: Soil#Soil moisture - water in soil Soil water (retention) - water-holding phenomenon inside soil Blackwater (waste) - wastewater
Soil_water
Soft calcium sulfate mineral
Soil water potential monitoring: a gypsum block can be inserted into the soil, and its electrical resistance can be measured to derive soil moisture.
Gypsum
Form of abiotic stress
atmospheric and soil water availability when the transpiration rate exceeds the rate of water uptake by the roots and cells lose turgor pressure. Moisture stress
Moisture_stress
Method of irrigating lawns and crops
controllers, rain sensors, soil moisture sensors, and separate watering zones to adjust irrigation based on weather, soil moisture, and landscape needs. Sprinkler
Irrigation_sprinkler
Species of plant used as a spice
stirring and breaking up of soil to check weed growth, break the firmness of the soil from rain, and conserve soil moisture. Farmers must ensure that their
Ginger
Bacteria
part to variation in environmental factors including temperature, soil moisture, soil pH, substrate type and concentration, plant genotype, and toxins
Saprotrophic_bacteria
liquefaction - Soil management - Soil mechanics - Soil moisture - Soil moisture sensors - Soil nailing - Soil organic matter - Soil pH - Soil physics - Soil policy
Index of soil-related articles
Index_of_soil-related_articles
Type of rainforest
combination of high soil moisture, reduced solar radiation, and low rates of decomposition and mineralisation creates strongly acidic soils, with humus and
Cloud_forest
Device operating automatic irrigation systems
settings, input terminals for sensors such as rain and freeze sensors, soil moisture sensors, weather data, remote operation, etc. There are two basic types
Irrigation_controller
Species of plant with seeds used as a spice
effective in India, but this kind of herbicide application requires soil moisture for a successful weed control. Cumin is a diploid species with 14 chromosomes
Cumin
In situ process for soil remediation
in the subsurface, vadose zone soil properties (e.g., soil grain size, soil moisture content, soil permeability, soil carbon content), subsurface heterogeneity
Soil_vapor_extraction
Sea level rise threatens coastal wetlands with flooding. Decreases in soil moisture in certain locations can cause desertification and damage ecosystems
Effects_of_climate_change
Crop planted to manage erosion and soil quality
large amount of moisture. When the cover crop is incorporated into the soil, or left on the soil surface, it often increases soil moisture. In agroecosystems
Cover_crop
NASA federally funded research and development center
Juno spacecraft orbiting Jupiter; the SMAP satellite for Earth surface soil moisture monitoring; the NuSTAR X-ray telescope; and the Psyche asteroid orbiter
Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory
Naturally occurring water with low amounts of dissolved salts
rock and soil contain both air and water, is known as the unsaturated zone. The water in this unsaturated zone is referred to as soil moisture. Below the
Fresh_water
Measure of field capacity
Moisture equivalent was proposed by Lyman Briggs and McLane (1910) as a measure of field capacity for fine-textured soil materials. Moisture equivalent
Moisture_equivalent
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