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Branch of space physics and aeronomy
Space weather is a branch of space physics and aeronomy, or heliophysics, concerned with the varying conditions within the Solar System and its heliosphere
Space_weather
Short-term state of the atmosphere
contact with the Earth's surface while radiative losses to space are mostly constant. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to
Weather
Void between celestial bodies
Weather, Space Weather Branch, archived from the original on 2011-12-28, retrieved 2011-12-31. Baker, D. N.; et al. (February 2018), "Space Weather Effects
Outer_space
Type of weathering
Space weathering is the type of weathering that occurs to any object exposed to the harsh environment of outer space. Bodies without atmospheres (including
Space_weathering
NOAA laboratory and service center
The Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC), named the Space Environment Center (SEC) until 2007, is a laboratory and service center of the US National
Space Weather Prediction Center
Space_Weather_Prediction_Center
Academic journal
Space Weather is an academic journal about space weather published by the American Geophysical Union. Its editor-in-chief is Noé Lugaz. According to the
Space_Weather
Extreme space-weather event
vulnerable to long-term power outages, which could also be caused by space weather, high-altitude nuclear burst electromagnetic pulses (EMPs), or cyber
March_1989_geomagnetic_storm
Geomagnetic storm in 1859
Space Weather Events – Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report. Committee on the Societal and Economic Impacts of Severe Space
Carrington_Event
Halt to communication abilities or utilization
PERSISTS". Urgent Communications. Penton Media, Inc. "NOAA Space Weather Scale for Radio Blackouts". NOAA / Space Weather Prediction Center. 2005-03-01.
Communications_blackout
Saudi deep-space cubesat
Sun) (or SHMS, also referred to as Space Weather CubeSat-1 (SWC-1)) is a 12U CubeSat developed by Saudi Arabia's Space Agency as a rideshare payload on
SHAMS_(satellite)
Series of intense solar storms in 2024
disturbance storm time index (Dst index) is a measure in the context of space weather. A negative Dst index means that Earth's magnetic field is weakened
May_2024_solar_storms
sources). Active stars produce disturbances in space weather and, if strong enough, in their own space climate. Science studies such phenomena with the
List_of_solar_storms
Type of satellite designed to record the state of the Earth's atmosphere
became the first deep space satellite that can observe and predict space weather. It can detect potentially dangerous weather such as solar wind and
Weather_satellite
U.S. forecasting agency of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
The National Weather Service (NWS) is an agency of the United States federal government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous
National_Weather_Service
Indian national space and aeronautics agency
and navigation during space weather events. This will eventually help in a better description of influence of space weather on space based technological
ISRO
Flight into or through outer space
techniques. Space weather is the concept of changing environmental conditions in outer space. It is distinct from the concept of weather within a planetary
Spaceflight
American space weather physicist
Tamitha Skov is a space weather physicist, researcher and public speaker based in Los Angeles. She is also referred to as "Space Weather Woman" in social
Tamitha_Skov
Instrument in space to study astronomical objects
and beyond. Space telescopes are distinct from Earth imaging satellites, which point toward Earth for satellite imaging, applied for weather analysis, espionage
Space_telescope
Unmanned robotic spacecraft
descend through an atmosphere to study its composition and weather conditions. Many space probes have made important scientific discoveries. The Mariner
Space_probe
Temporary spots on the Sun's surface
update from recent reconstructions and climate simulations". J. Space Weather and Space Climate. 7: A25. arXiv:1708.04904. doi:10.1051/swsc/2017019. ISSN 2115-7251
Sunspot
Cool, tenuous region of the Sun's corona
ground-based synoptic magnetographs to track hole evolution and feed space-weather forecasts. Streams of fast solar wind originating from coronal holes
Coronal_hole
Space weather mission
SOLAR-1 (Space weather Observations at L1 to Advance Readiness – 1) is a spacecraft mission placed at the Sun–Earth L1 Lagrange point, a location between
Space weather Observations at L1 to Advance Readiness - 1
Space_weather_Observations_at_L1_to_Advance_Readiness_-_1
late 2026. ESA plans to launch its first stand-alone deep space CubeSat, the space weather mission HENON, in late 2026. In November, NASA's twin ESCAPADE
2026_in_spaceflight
Solar activity from 2019 to about 2030
Space Weather Live. 3 July 2021. Archived from the original on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021. "Solar max might come a bit early". Space weather.
Solar_cycle_25
The European Space Weather Portal (ESWeP) results from the COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) action 724 (Developing the basis for
European_Space_Weather_portal
and macrobursts) Air pollution Extreme weather List of weather-related phenomena Meteorology Severe weather terminology (United States) Space weather
List of severe weather phenomena
List_of_severe_weather_phenomena
Inactive United States Air Force unit
The 55th Space Weather Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 50th Operations Group at Schriever Air Force
55th_Space_Weather_Squadron
American solar research spacecraft
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) space weather, space climate, and Earth observation satellite. It was launched by SpaceX on a Falcon 9 v1.1 launch vehicle
Deep Space Climate Observatory
Deep_Space_Climate_Observatory
European Space Agency program
programme focuses on 3 areas: space weather forecasting and nowcasting, asteroid impact prediction and prevention, and space debris mitigation. S2P is being
Space_Safety_Programme
European space weather-monitoring satellite
SWING (Space Weather Ionosphere Nanosat Generation) is a future space weather mission for monitoring Earth's ionosphere, under development by the European
SWING_(satellite)
European space weather monitoring satellites
Aurora-D and Aurora-C are future space weather missions under development by the European Space Agency's Space Safety Programme (S2P). Aurora-D (Demonstration)
Aurora_(satellites)
European space weather-monitoring satellite
a future space weather mission for monitoring Earth's thermosphere and magnetic field, under development by the European Space Agency's Space Safety Programme
SAWA_(spacecraft)
Periodic change in the Sun's activity
processes, governs the environment of interplanetary space by creating space weather and impacting space- and ground-based technologies as well as the Earth's
Solar_cycle
(NOAA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to deliver space assets supporting the weather and civil remote sensing mandates of those organizations
List of space programs of the United States
List_of_space_programs_of_the_United_States
Eruption of electromagnetic radiation
William F. (4 April 2013). "The 1859 space weather event revisited: limits of extreme activity" (PDF). J. Space Weather Space Clim. 3: A31. Bibcode:2013JSWSC
Solar_flare
Solar storms during solar cycle 20
threshold of the very rarely reached R5 on the NOAA radio blackout space weather scale. A radio burst of 76,000 sfu was measured at 1 GHz. This was an
August_1972_solar_storms
Interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere focusing on weather forecasting
interdisciplinary areas include biometeorology, space weather, and planetary meteorology. Marine weather forecasting relates meteorology to maritime and
Meteorology
Model for space weather forecasting
modeling system used for space weather forecasting and research at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Space Weather Prediction Center, at
Enlil_(heliospheric_model)
Disturbance on the Sun
its magnetosphere, and is the cause of space weather in the short-term with long-term patterns comprising space climate. Solar storms include: Solar flare
Solar_storm
Joint ESA-NASA Solar observation mission providing real-time data for space weather forecasting. Cornerstone 1 – Cluster, launched June 1996, failed – Earth
List of European Space Agency programmes and missions
List_of_European_Space_Agency_programmes_and_missions
Solar activity from December 2008 to December 2019
are much more predictable 3 years after minima. In May 2009 the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center's Solar Cycle 24 Prediction Panel predicted the cycle
Solar_cycle_24
Stream of charged particles from the Sun
F. (2013-01-01). "The 1859 space weather event revisited: limits of extreme activity". Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate. 3: A31. Bibcode:2013JSWSC
Solar_wind
Proposed orbital infrastructure
ultraviolet rays, space weather and orbital thermal cycles Hardware is designed for limited lifespan. Maintenance and repair in space (known as On-Orbit
Space-based_data_center
European organisation dedicated to space exploration
extensive series of space missions and ground-based projects focused on mitigating the dangers of near-Earth asteroids, space weather, and space debris, which
European_Space_Agency
Partially reusable launch system and space plane
George (May 20, 1999). "Space Shuttle weather launch commit criteria and KSC end of mission weather landing criteria". Kennedy Space Center (KSC). KSC Release
Space_Shuttle
Retrieved September 22, 2025. "SpaceX launches 3 probes to study space weather and map the boundaries of our solar system". space.com. September 24, 2025. Archived
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches
Modular space station in low Earth orbit
The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station in low Earth orbit (LEO). It is the product of the International Space Station program and is
International_Space_Station
Branch of statistics focusing on large deviations
Wireless communications Epidemics Neurobiology Solar energy Extreme Space weather Weather, extreme temperature/climate change The field of extreme value theory
Extreme_value_theory
US weather satellite series
NOAA is the official provider of both GOES terrestrial data and GOES space weather data. Data can also be accessed using the SPEDAS software. The first
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
Geostationary_Operational_Environmental_Satellite
Disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere
pressure pushes the magnetopause boundary inward, closer to Earth. Several space weather phenomena tend to be associated with geomagnetic storms. These include
Geomagnetic_storm
US Air Force unit
subordinate weather squadrons collect, analyze, and generate a comprehensive weather database of forecast, climatological, and space weather products. The
557th_Weather_Wing
Investigation of outer space
Space exploration is the physical investigation of outer space by uncrewed robotic space probes and through human spaceflight. While the observation of
Space_exploration
Gas layer surrounding Earth
that create weather features such as clouds and hazes. The atmosphere serves as a protective buffer between the Earth's surface and outer space. It shields
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Ejecta from the Sun's corona
severe impacts on Earth. Historical records show that the most extreme space weather events involved multiple successive CMEs. For example, the famous Carrington
Coronal_mass_ejection
Solar windstorm
Portals: Astronomy Space Weather Space tornado Space weather Earth's magnetic field Solar wind Wikimedia Commons has media related to Space hurricanes. Qing-He
Space_hurricane
Notable coronal mass ejection
Howard; Güdel, Manuel (February 2018). "Extreme Space Weather Events: From Cradle to Grave". Space Science Reviews. 214 (1): 21. Bibcode:2018SSRv..214
July_2012_solar_storm
Garment worn to protect a human in space
A space suit (or spacesuit) is an environmental suit used for protection from the harsh environment of outer space. It mainly protects from outer space’s
Space_suit
Animals in space originally served to test the survivability of spaceflight, before human spaceflights were attempted. Later, many species were flown
Animals_in_space
Military unit
“theater weather” to ground commanders. "USSF Space Systems Command stands up two new System Deltas". US Space Force. July 24, 2025. "Space Systems Command
System_Delta_810
Atmospheric effect caused by the solar wind
Physical law about electrical discharge in gases Space tornado – Solar windstorm Space weather – Branch of space physics and aeronomy "Auroras - NASA Science"
Aurora
United States weather agency
Environmental Prediction (NCEP) delivers national and global weather, water, climate, and space weather guidance, forecasts, warnings, and analyses to government
National Centers for Environmental Prediction
National_Centers_for_Environmental_Prediction
British physicist
of space physics at the University of Reading in the UK. He has made major contributions to the understanding of the solar wind and space weather. Owens
Mathew_Owens
in the field of solar physics, astronomy and space weather. The LMSAL team is part of Lockheed Martin Space Systems and has close affiliations with NASA
Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory
Lockheed_Martin_Solar_and_Astrophysics_Laboratory
Model of electrically conducting fluids
be detected early. The Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) uses MHD models to predict the arrival and impacts of space weather events at Earth. MHD applies
Magnetohydrodynamics
Solar windstorm
Portals: Astronomy Space Weather Space hurricane Earth's magnetic field Solar wind Ravilious, Kate (24 April 2009). "Giant "Space Tornadoes" Spark Auroras
Space_tornado
Billionaire space rivalry
The billionaire space race is the rivalry among entrepreneurs who have entered the space industry from other industries – particularly computing. This
Billionaire_space_race
Semi-empirical solar wind model used in space weather forecasting
operational space weather forecasting, most notably the coupled WSA–ENLIL system operated by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Space Weather
Wang–Sheeley–Arge_model
European spacecraft
interplanetary threats defeNce), is a planned space weather and technology demonstration mission by the European Space Agency (ESA) in the form of a 12U CubeSat
HENON
Radio telescope network located mainly in the Netherlands
instrument for space weather studies. Solar observations with LOFAR will include routine monitoring of the solar activity as the root of space weather. Furthermore
Low-Frequency_Array
European Space Agency space weather mission
is a future space weather mission under development by the European Space Agency (ESA). The mission will provide the ESA Space Weather Office with instruments
Vigil_(space_mission)
Narrowband radio signal detected in April and May 2019
"Space weather discovery puts 'habitable planets' at risk". Phys.org. Retrieved 22 January 2021. Anderson, Paul Scott (December 23, 2020). "Space weather
BLC1
Deterioration of rocks and minerals through exposure to the elements
Weathering is the deterioration of rocks, soils and minerals (as well as wood and artificial materials) through contact with water, atmospheric gases,
Weathering
Branch of solar physics and aeronomy
broader and more general concept than space weather, to which it is related like the conventional climate and weather. In addition to real-time solar observations
Space_climate
Buildup of electric charge on spacecraft
smart, antistatic wires and cables". European Space Agency. Ferguson, Dale C. (2018). "Extreme Space Weather Spacecraft Surface Charging and Arcing Effects"
Spacecraft_charging
Study of human-made items found in space
In archaeology, space archaeology is the research-based study of various human-made items found in space, their interpretation as clues to the adventures
Space_archaeology
NASA launch facility in Florida
The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center), located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of the ten field
Kennedy_Space_Center
Planned European mission to demonstrate space debris removal
The ClearSpace-1 (ClearSpace One) mission is an ESA Space debris removal mission led by ClearSpace SA, a Swiss startup company. The mission's objective
ClearSpace-1
Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment (CSSWE) was the sixth[when?] National Science Foundation sponsored CubeSat mission. It was built by students
Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment
Colorado_Student_Space_Weather_Experiment
First crewed mission of the Artemis program
referred to as Space Weather CubeSat-1) which means "Sun" in Arabic, from the Saudi Space Agency to measure aspects of space weather in high Earth orbit
Artemis_II
Natural phenomena within the Sun's atmosphere
fluctuations together are referred to as solar variation, producing space weather within the Sun's gravitational field. Solar activity and related events
Solar_phenomena
Physical presence of human activity in outer space
in space (also anthropogenic presence in space or humanity in space) is the direct and mediated presence or telepresence of humans in outer space, and
Human_presence_in_space
Type of spacecraft
A space capsule is a spacecraft designed to transport cargo, scientific experiments, and/or astronauts to and from space. Capsules are distinguished from
Space_capsule
Series of United States uncrewed lunar and planetary space probes (1958-60; 1965-92)
spacecraft in Pioneer missions 6, 7, 8, and 9 comprised a new interplanetary space weather network: Pioneer 6 (Pioneer A) – launched December 1965 Pioneer 7 (Pioneer
Pioneer_program
Global network of identical telescopes
multiple purposes, including the provision of operation data for use in space weather prediction, and the study of solar internal structure and dynamics using
Global Oscillations Network Group
Global_Oscillations_Network_Group
Hypothetical modification of Mars into an Earth-like habitable planet
of bodies other than Earth, such as Mars, the Moon, and other objects. Space colonization would facilitate harvesting the Solar System's energy and material
Terraforming_of_Mars
Series of intense solar storms in 2003
Carrington-like Geomagnetic Storm Observed in the 21st Century". J. Space Weather Space Clim. 5 (A16): A16. arXiv:1505.07028. Bibcode:2015JSWSC...5A..16C
2003_Halloween_solar_storms
Study of how space conditions affect spacecraft
address conditions existing in space that affect the design and operation of spacecraft. A related subject, space weather, deals with dynamic processes
Space_environment
Space physicist
Patricia Reiff (born 1950) is an American space physicist at Rice University, known for her research on space weather and for engaging the public about science
Patricia_Reiff
Equilibrium points near two orbiting bodies
it is also useful for space-based solar telescopes, because it provides an uninterrupted view of the Sun and any space weather (including the solar wind
Lagrange_point
US federally funded research and development center
meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, the Sun and space weather, and environmental and societal impacts of weather and climate. Its laboratories provide the scientific
National Center for Atmospheric Research
National_Center_for_Atmospheric_Research
Region of space dominated by the Sun
scientific study of the heliosphere is heliophysics, which includes space weather and space climate. Flowing unimpeded through the Solar System for billions
Heliosphere
Geomagnetic storm indicator
Information (NESDIS). Retrieved 2016-08-21. "NOAA Space Weather Scales | NOAA / NWS Space Weather Prediction Center". www.swpc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-01-15
K-index
power in space Solar power in space for Earth Telescopes in space Tourism in space War in space Weapons in space Weather in space Women in space Writing
List_of_topics_in_space
National Space Agency of Pakistan
SUPARCO has established the Pakistan Space Weather Center, which employs an array of instruments to observe space weather phenomena in real time. Processed
SUPARCO
Space agency of the South African government
provide information, early warnings and forecasts on space weather conditions. The space weather products and services are required primarily for communication
South African National Space Agency
South_African_National_Space_Agency
Topics referred to by the same term
Weather (novel), a novel by Jenny Offill "Weather", a short story by Alastair Reynolds in his collection Galactic North, set in his Revelation Space universe
Weather_(disambiguation)
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
spaceflight capability and funded construction of its Johnson Space Center and Kennedy Space Center. Apollo also spurred advances in many areas of technology
Apollo_program
Indian space scientist
is an Indian space scientist known for his research related to the solar cycle, solar dynamo activity and their influence on space weather. Nandi is the
Dibyendu_Nandi
NASA-led lunar exploration program
to preparation and weather. On November 16 at 01:47:44 EST (06:47:44 UTC), Artemis I successfully launched from the Kennedy Space Center. Artemis I was
Artemis_program
Solar wind structure
propagate toward higher latitudes. CIRs play several important roles in space weather and heliophysics: they can trigger geomagnetic storms when they reach
Corotating_interaction_region
SPACE WEATHER
SPACE WEATHER
Boy/Male
Tamil
Antrix | அஂதà¯à®°à¯€à®•à¯à®·
Space
Antrix | அஂதà¯à®°à¯€à®•à¯à®·
Girl/Female
Indian, Japanese, Tamil
Space; Star
Boy/Male
Hindu
Space
Boy/Male
Tamil
Antareeksh | அஂதரீகà¯à®·
Space
Antareeksh | அஂதரீகà¯à®·
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu
Limitless Space
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Space; Sky
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Space; Sky
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Space; Sky
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a frugal person, from Middle English spare ‘sparing’, ‘frugal’.
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the French personal name Pascal, PACE means "Passover; Easter."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a vernacular short form of the Latin personal name Paschalis (see Pascal, Italian Pasquale).nickname for a mild-mannered and peaceable person, from Middle English pace, pece ‘peace’, ‘concord’, ‘amity’ (via Anglo-Norman French from Latin pax, genitive pacis).Italian : from the medieval personal name Pace, used for both men and women, from the word pace ‘peace’ (see 1).
Surname or Lastname
English or Scottish
English or Scottish : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Space; Universe
Girl/Female
Tamil
Antariksha | அஂதரிகà¯à®·
Space, Sky
Antariksha | அஂதரிகà¯à®·
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Space; Outer Space; Sky
Boy/Male
Tamil
Antariksh | அஂதரிகà¯à®·
Space
Antariksh | அஂதரிகà¯à®·
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : variant of Stacey.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Space
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Space
Boy/Male
Hindu
Space
SPACE WEATHER
SPACE WEATHER
Girl/Female
Muslim
To walk with pride
Male
English
Anglicized form of Welsh Glyndwr, GLENDOWER means "valley water."
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Haryanvi, Indian
Naveen
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
The Biblical Lot is the English Language Equivalent; Name of a Prophet
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Protector of Lord's Moments
Biblical
field of light; light of the Almighty
Boy/Male
Tamil
King of mountains
Boy/Male
American, British, English, Latin, Teutonic
Thunder Ruler
Girl/Female
Australian, Welsh
Very Beautiful; Very Fair
Girl/Female
English
Faithful; Warm Hearted
SPACE WEATHER
SPACE WEATHER
SPACE WEATHER
SPACE WEATHER
SPACE WEATHER
v. t.
To measure by steps or paces; as, to pace a piece of ground.
n.
A small piece of metal cast lower than a face type, so as not to receive the ink in printing, -- used to separate words or letters.
n.
The distance or interval between words or letters in the lines, or between lines, as in books.
v. t.
Being over and above what is necessary, or what must be used or reserved; not wanted, or not used; superfluous; as, I have no spare time.
adv.
With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily.
v. t.
Scanty; not abundant or plentiful; as, a spare diet.
n.
Figuratively, that which enriches or alters the quality of a thing in a small degree, as spice alters the taste of food; that which gives zest or pungency; a slight flavoring; a relish; hence, a small quantity or admixture; a sprinkling; as, a spice of mischief.
n.
One of that suit of cards each of which bears one or more figures resembling a spade.
v. t.
To develop, guide, or control the pace or paces of; to teach the pace; to break in.
v. t.
To season with spice, or as with spice; to mix aromatic or pungent substances with; to flavor; to season; as, to spice wine; to spice one's words with wit.
n.
One of the intervals, or open places, between the lines of the staff.
n.
The right of bowling again at a full set of pins, after having knocked all the pins down in less than three bowls. If all the pins are knocked down in one bowl it is a double spare; in two bowls, a single spare.
n.
A quantity or portion of extension; distance from one thing to another; an interval between any two or more objects; as, the space between two stars or two hills; the sound was heard for the space of a mile.
n.
To walk; to rove; to roam.
v. t.
Held in reserve, to be used in an emergency; as, a spare anchor; a spare bed or room.
imp. & p. p.
of Space
n.
To arrange or adjust the spaces in or between; as, to space words, lines, or letters.
v. t.
To dig with a spade; to pare off the sward of, as land, with a spade.
n.
Manner of stepping or moving; gait; walk; as, the walk, trot, canter, gallop, and amble are paces of the horse; a swaggering pace; a quick pace.
n.
Space.