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Spacecraft capable of aerodynamic flight in atmosphere
A spaceplane is a vehicle that can fly and glide as an aircraft in Earth's atmosphere and function as a spacecraft in outer space. To do so, spaceplanes
Spaceplane
Aerospace company (e. 2022)
systems with nontoxic propellants, as well as an uncrewed suborbital spaceplane with rapidly reusable flight characteristics. Dawn Aerospace was co-founded
Dawn_Aerospace
Reusable robotic spaceplane used by US military since 2010
space by a launch vehicle, re-enters Earth's atmosphere, and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the Department of the Air Force Rapid Capabilities
Boeing_X-37
Soviet/Ukrainian heavy strategic cargo aircraft
remains unbuilt. AKS Intended to carry the Tupolev OOS air-launch-to-orbit spaceplane; a twin-fuselage design consisting of two An-225 fuselages, with the OOS
Antonov_An-225_Mriya
2015 Swiss spaceplane concept based on the Hermes design
(Sub-Orbital Re-Usable Aircraft) was a planned partially reusable air-launched spaceplane launch system concept which would launch small satellites on a suborbital
SOAR_(spaceplane)
US reusable automated cargo lifting-body spaceplane
Dream Chaser is an American reusable lifting-body spaceplane developed by Sierra Space. Conceived as a crewed vehicle, it is being developed in a cargo
Dream_Chaser
Manned Spacecraft sub-system
sub-system of Project 921. The term 921-3 is often used for the Chinese spaceplane program.[not verified in body] The Chinese National Manned Space Program
China's_spaceplane_program
Chinese reusable spacecraft
observers have speculated that the spacecraft may resemble the X-37B spaceplane of the United States in both form and function. The state-owned Xinhua
Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft
Chinese_reusable_experimental_spacecraft
Chinese reusable robotic spaceplane
pinyin: shén lóng; lit. 'divine dragon') is a Chinese reusable robotic spaceplane currently in development. Only a few pictures have appeared in publications
Shenlong_(spacecraft)
Viking/Shadow – Lockheed S is also used as a vehicle type designator spaceplanes. S-1 – DARPA (not built) The "SR" sequence is a continuation of the original
List of United States Tri-Service aircraft designations
List_of_United_States_Tri-Service_aircraft_designations
Experimental spaceplane/booster (2013–2020)
The DARPA XS-1 was an experimental spaceplane/booster with the planned capability to deliver small satellites into orbit for the U.S. Department of Defense
XS-1_(spacecraft)
Single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane
was a series of concept designs for a reusable single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane by the British company Reaction Engines Limited, using SABRE, a combined-cycle
Skylon_(spacecraft)
Soviet winged orbital vehicle
orbiter, "Buran" was also the designation for the entire Soviet/Russian spaceplane project and its flight articles, which were known as "Buran-class orbiters"
Buran_(spacecraft)
A spaceplane incorporates aspects of both aeroplanes and spacecraft. Most concepts were only capable of sub-orbital spaceflight. Lists of spacecraft List
List_of_spaceplanes
USA Classified X-37B spaceplane mission
Boeing X-37B, an American unmanned vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched to a highly elliptical high Earth orbit aboard a Falcon
OTV-7
Vehicle or machine designed to fly in space
method of reentry to Earth into non-winged space capsules and winged spaceplanes. Recoverable spacecraft may be reusable (can be launched again or several
Spacecraft
Reported codename of a secret U.S. orbital spaceplane system
Blackstar is the purported name of a secret United States orbital spaceplane system. The possible existence of the Blackstar program was claimed in March
Blackstar_(spacecraft)
American aerospace company
horizontal take-off/horizontal landing, single-stage-to-orbit, fully reusable spaceplane concept called Radian One. Radian was founded in 2016. In January 2022
Radian_Aerospace
Soviet cancelled spaceplane project
landing. It was a visible result of a Soviet project to create an orbital spaceplane. The MiG 105 was nicknamed "Lapot" (Russian: лапоть, or bast shoe; the
Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-105
Aircraft configuration in which the fuselage produces significant lift
highly shaped fuselages made it difficult to fit fuel tankage. Advanced spaceplane concepts in the 1990s and 2000s used lifting-body designs. Examples include
Lifting_body
NASA cancelled spaceplane project
The HL-20 Personnel Launch System was a NASA spaceplane concept for crewed orbital missions studied by NASA's Langley Research Center around 1990. It was
HL-20_Personnel_Launch_System
French crewed spaceplane concept (1975–1992)
Hermes was a proposed spaceplane designed by the French Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) in 1975, and later by the European Space Agency (ESA)
Hermes_(spacecraft)
Void between celestial bodies
begin atmospheric entry as atmospheric drag becomes noticeable. For spaceplanes such as NASA's Space Shuttle, this begins the process of switching from
Outer_space
programme was an attempt by the Soviet Union to construct an orbital spaceplane to perform similar functions to the Space Shuttle. Similar to the Space
List_of_Buran_missions
Planned ESA uncrewed spaceplane
Demonstrator for Europe Return) is a planned uncrewed orbital lifting body spaceplane aiming to provide the European Space Agency (ESA) with affordable and
Space_Rider
Soviet spacecraft research project, 1976–1993
NASA's Space Shuttle orbiter, and could similarly operate as a re-entry spaceplane, its final internal and functional design was different. For example,
Buran_programme
Cancelled American spacecraft
suborbital horizontal-takeoff, horizontal-landing (HTHL), rocket-powered spaceplane that was under development by the California-based company XCOR Aerospace
XCOR_Lynx
Bristol Spaceplanes (BSP) is a British aerospace company based in Bristol, England, who has designed a number of spaceplanes with sub-orbital and orbital
Bristol_Spaceplanes
British aerospace company based in Oxfordshire, England
propulsion systems, centred on the development of the Skylon re-usable SSTO spaceplane. The three founders had worked together on the HOTOL project, funding
Reaction_Engines
Part of a space capsule
or by active capture by an aircraft. In contrast, the development of spaceplane reentry vehicles attempts to provide a more flexible reentry profile.
Reentry_capsule
SpaceShipOne mother ship
aircraft that was used to launch its companion SpaceShipOne, an experimental spaceplane. The White Knight and SpaceShipOne were designed by Burt Rutan and manufactured
Scaled Composites White Knight
Scaled_Composites_White_Knight
Type of rocket engine
as a small satellite carrier. POLARIS Spaceplanes plans to develop a prototype of a fully reusable spaceplane capable of transporting loads of up to
Aerospike_engine
US NASA & DOD hypersonic project in 1986–1993
NASA X-43 (essentially a scaled-down model) Tupolev Tu-2000 HOTOL – UK spaceplane design of the 1980s Chang, Kenneth (October 20, 2014). "25 Years Ago,
Rockwell_X-30
Speed that exceeds five times the speed of sound (Mach 5 and above)
5. High hypersonic speeds are experienced during atmospheric entry. Spaceplanes are designed to be capable of flight in this regime. The North American
Hypersonic_speed
USA Classified X-37B spaceplane mission
Boeing X-37B, an American unmanned vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched to a low Earth orbit (LEO) aboard a Falcon 9 Block 5
OTV-8
Uncrewed cargo spaceplane built by Sierra Space
payload capacity, in addition to the 2,000 lb (910 kg) carried by the spaceplane. The module will be separated from the Dream Chaser prior to reentry and
Dream_Chaser_Tenacity
Italian Space Agency program
Italian Space Agency programme that aims to develop a reusable robotic spaceplane named Space Rider in collaboration with the European Space Agency. The
Programme for Reusable In-orbit Demonstrator in Europe
Programme_for_Reusable_In-orbit_Demonstrator_in_Europe
Launch system that only uses one rocket stage
1965, Robert Salkeld investigated various single stage to orbit winged spaceplane concepts. He proposed a vehicle which would burn hydrocarbon fuel while
Single-stage-to-orbit
Russian concept launch vehicle
proposed C-21 spaceplane or its successor the Explorer. It would be a TSTSO (Two-Stage to SubOrbit) launch platform. The Explorer spaceplane is a suborbital
Cosmopolis_XXI
Test space vehicle
Space Maneuver Vehicle is a test platform for the Boeing X-37 reusable spaceplane, built by Boeing Phantom Works. It sought to test the X-37's systems in
Boeing_X-40
Uncrewed re-usable spaceplane technology demonstrator for the VentureStar
suborbital spaceplane that was developed for a period in the 1990s. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was
Lockheed_Martin_X-33
Flight faster than Mach 5 below 90 km
a missile. On July 2021 China tested a spaceplane. An orbital trajectory would take 90 minutes for a spaceplane to circle Earth (which would defeat the
Hypersonic_flight
The Black Horse was a study concept for a proposed winged spaceplane that would use aerial refueling to greatly reduce the size of the spacecraft, to about
Black_Horse_(rocket)
Proposed hybrid ramjet and rocket engine
achieve single-stage-to-orbit capability, propelling the proposed Skylon spaceplane to low Earth orbit. SABRE was an evolution of Alan Bond's series of LACE-like
SABRE_(rocket_engine)
Vehicles that can go to space and return
grid fins, and other flight control surfaces. By modifying their shape, spaceplanes can leverage aviation mechanics to aid in its recovery, such as gliding
Reusable_launch_vehicle
Planned 2026 American test spaceflight
Dream Chaser design is derived from NASA's HL-20 Personnel Launch System spaceplane concept from the 1990s, which in turn is descended from over 20,000 hours
SSC_Demo-1
1968 film by Stanley Kubrick
filming was done, starting with the scenes involving Floyd on the Orion spaceplane; it was described as a "huge throbbing nerve center ... with much the
2001:_A_Space_Odyssey
1972–2011 United States human spaceflight program
Classified military missions are being flown by the US Air Force's uncrewed spaceplane, the X-37B. By 2012, cargo to the International Space Station was already
Space_Shuttle_program
Type of spacecraft
and are distinguished from other types of recoverable spacecraft (eg. spaceplanes) by their blunt shape, not having wings. They often contain little fuel
Space_capsule
English business magnate (born 1950)
Port in California, United States, noted for the SpaceShipTwo suborbital spaceplane. In March 2000, Branson was knighted for "services to entrepreneurship"
Richard_Branson
Research spaceplane by Boeing
("Dynamic Soarer") was a United States Air Force (USAF) program to develop a spaceplane that could be used for a variety of military missions, including aerial
Boeing_X-20_Dyna-Soar
Chinese aerospace company
current Chief Designer is Long Lehao (龙乐豪). CALT is also planning two spaceplanes. They would both be single-stage to space sub-orbital rocketplanes. One
China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology
China_Academy_of_Launch_Vehicle_Technology
(February 9, 2024). "Congrats to Tomi Simola for locating the secret X-37B spaceplane. OTV 7 is in a 323 × 38838 km × 59.1 deg orbit. Could be testing out a
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (2023)
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches_(2023)
American experimental spaceplane
Model 316. The Scaled Composites Model 316, known as SpaceShipOne, was a spaceplane designed to: Carry three humans (one of them a pilot) in a sea-level pressurized
SpaceShipOne
Space competition and award
and financed by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, using the experimental spaceplane SpaceShipOne. $10 million was awarded to the winner, and more than $100
Ansari_X_Prize
Failed 1967 American crewed sub-orbital spaceflight
was a sub-orbital spaceflight of the North American X-15 experimental spaceplane, carrying seven experiments to a peak altitude of 266,000 feet (50.4 mi;
X-15_Flight_3-65-97
Proposed Soviet air-launched reusable launch system project
MAKS Rendering of a MAKS spaceplane carried atop of an Antonov An-225 to stratosphere for launching into space Country of origin Soviet Union Operator
MAKS_(spacecraft)
1966 proposed Earth-to-orbit spaceplane
The Lockheed Star Clipper was a proposed Earth-to-orbit spaceplane based on a large lifting body spacecraft and a wrap-around drop tank. Originally proposed
Lockheed_Star_Clipper
Concept for a crewed single-stage reusable spaceplane
TrAnspoRtation") is a concept study for a robotic single-stage reusable spaceplane capable of horizontal takeoff and landing, by India's Defence Research
Avatar_(spacecraft)
Experimental American space project
ASSET, or Aerothermodynamic Elastic Structural Systems Environmental Tests was an experimental US space project involving the testing of an uncrewed sub-scale
ASSET_(spacecraft)
Rocket used to carry a spacecraft into space
vehicle to the launch site via the mechanism of horizontal-landing of the spaceplane portion of the launch vehicle. In both cases, the main vehicle thrust
Launch_vehicle
Spaceplane List of crewed lunar lander designs SP-4221 The Space Shuttle Decision Chapter 8 (NASA) Dr. Wernher Von Braun (July 1970). "The Spaceplane
List of canceled launch vehicle designs
List_of_canceled_launch_vehicle_designs
1960 Tu-136 (I): VTOL fighter project, 1963 Tu-136 Zvezda: proposed spaceplane Tu-136 (III): LNG development of Tu-130, 1990s Tu-136 (IV): cryogenic
List_of_Tupolev_aircraft
American aerospace company, founded 1963
Sierra Space, to continue working on the development of the Dream Chaser spaceplane and Commercial Space Station with Blue Origin The organization is a multi-billion-dollar
Sierra_Nevada_Corporation
rocket-launched supersonic horizontal-take off horizontal-landing (HOTOL) SSTO spaceplane. However, it became clear that horizontal takeoff requirement was an inappropriate
Science_Realm
Calendar year
California, United States, SpaceShipOne becomes the first privately funded spaceplane to achieve spaceflight. June 23 – The International Criminal Court opens
2004
Indian reusable rocket programme
Orbit (TSTO) reusable launch vehicle, in which the second stage is a spaceplane. For this purpose, a winged reusable launch vehicle technology demonstrator
RLV Technology Demonstration Programme
RLV_Technology_Demonstration_Programme
Chinese rocket
the launch vehicle for the clandestine Chinese reusable experimental spaceplane. Externally, the rocket is similar to the Long March 2E from which it
Long_March_2F
The flights of the North American X-15, an experimental American spaceplane built by North American Aviation and operated by the United States Air Force
List_of_X-15_flights
Reusable launch system
1995. Spaceflight portal Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105 — Soviet orbital spaceplane Spaceplane Spacecraft "Buran Built models OK-2.03". www.buran-energia.com.
2.03_(Buran-class_spacecraft)
Movement around a celestial body that remains below its Karman line
orbital decay. One such application was used to test the reentry of the IXV spaceplane. It was launched into a 76 km × 416 km (47 mi × 258 mi) transatmospheric
Transatmospheric_orbit
SpaceShipTwo (SS2) spaceplane
VSS Enterprise (tail number: N339SS) was the first SpaceShipTwo (SS2) spaceplane, built by Scaled Composites for Virgin Galactic. It had been planned to
VSS_Enterprise
Proposed Russian space station
the globe in its vicinity", which would be a space first. A dedicated spaceplane was also proposed for their in-orbit maintenance. In contrast to the continuously
Russian_Orbital_Station
Italy (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR). CIRA is developing spaceplane technology using its facilities for numerical simulation and ground tests
Italian Aerospace Research Centre
Italian_Aerospace_Research_Centre
Space warfare arm of the People's Liberation Army
also operates the reusable experimental spacecraft which is a robotic spaceplane. China conducted one destructive anti-satellite weapon test in 2007, using
People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force
People's_Liberation_Army_Aerospace_Force
American test pilot (1921–2006)
first of twelve pilots who flew the North American X-15, an experimental spaceplane jointly operated by the United States Air Force and NASA. He is the subject
Albert_Scott_Crossfield
ESA re-entry vehicle prototype
Preparatory Programme (FLPP), which made a call for submissions for a reusable spaceplane. One of the submissions was by the Italian Space Agency, that presented
Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
Intermediate_eXperimental_Vehicle
Topics referred to by the same term
ship, c. 2013 VSS Enterprise (2009–2014), a Virgin Galactic commercial spaceplane that broke apart during a test flight Starship Enterprise, a list and
USS_Enterprise
Day of the year
American servicemen. 2004 – SpaceShipOne becomes the first privately funded spaceplane to achieve spaceflight. 2005 – Edgar Ray Killen, who had previously been
June_21
Denmark's amateur human space program. "SpacePlane Project｜Business｜PD Aerospace Co., Ltd". www.pdas.co.jp. "Spaceplane Project｜PD Aerospace Co., Ltd". www
List of private spaceflight companies
List_of_private_spaceflight_companies
European Space Agency programme
programme to develop the necessary technologies for a hypersonic suborbital spaceplane. Funding for the programme was established under the European Commission's
FAST20XX
Longest flight of the first X-37B
Boeing X-37B, an American unmanned vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched to low Earth orbit aboard an Atlas V launch vehicle from
OTV-6
American aerospace propulsion manufacturer
versions of the RS-25. Two of the engines would have been built for the spaceplane. Boeing pulled out of the project in January 2020, effectively ending
Aerojet_Rocketdyne
Reusable launch vehicle
Automatic docking with Mir's Kristall module; Crew transfer from Mir to the spaceplane, with onboard systems testing in course of twenty-four hours; Remote manipulator
Ptichka
2007 suborbital spaceplane concept
The Airbus Defence and Space Spaceplane, also called EADS Astrium TBN according to some sources, is a suborbital spaceplane concept for carrying space tourists
Airbus Defence and Space Spaceplane
Airbus_Defence_and_Space_Spaceplane
Division of Airbus
the UK military Skynet series. Airbus Defence and Space Spaceplane was a suborbital spaceplane concept for carrying space tourists, proposed by Airbus
Airbus_Defence_and_Space
Former suborbital spaceplane for space tourism
Composites Model 339 SpaceShipTwo (SS2) is a retired air-launched suborbital spaceplane type designed for space tourism. It was manufactured by The Spaceship
SpaceShipTwo
Topics referred to by the same term
velocity, written as ms−1 A first year medical student MS-1 (spaceplane), a proposed US Spaceplane This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
MS1
First flight of the second Boeing X-37B
X-37B, an American unmanned robotic vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched aboard an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral on 5 March
OTV-2
Chinese aviation group
"Zhuhai air show opens with orders for COMAC and a glimpse of a future spaceplane". Reuters. Airlines, Hainan. "Hainan Airlines Begins Non-Stop Service
HNA_Aviation
spacecraft Apollo Lunar Module Space capsules Space Shuttle Space stations Spaceplanes Vostok Space launch Spaceport Launch pad Expendable and reusable launch
Timeline_of_spaceflight
2025. Retrieved August 18, 2025. "SpaceX launches Space Force's X-37B spaceplane to demo laser communications, quantum navigation". Spaceflight Now. August
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches
Proposed method for launching space vehicles
a rocket launch sled, used to assist in the takeoff of the hypersonic spaceplane America. The 1951 film version of When Worlds Collide used a rocket sled
Rocket_sled_launch
Proposed spacecraft
HL-42 was a proposed scaled-up version of the HL-20 re-usable crewed spaceplane design, which had been developed from 1983 to 1991 at NASA's Langley Research
HL-42_(spacecraft)
US military standardized aircraft nomenclature
control segment G: Glider H: Helicopter Q: Unmanned aerial vehicle S: Spaceplane V: Vertical take-off/short take-off and landing (VTOL/STOL) Z: Lighter-than-air
1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system
1962_United_States_Tri-Service_aircraft_designation_system
U.S. military and civilian qualification badge
qualified for the astronaut badge by flying the suborbital X-15 rocket spaceplane. American test pilots Michael Melvill and Brian Binnie were each awarded
United States astronaut badges
United_States_astronaut_badges
Modular space station in low Earth orbit
vehicle Rocket Space capsule Orbital module Reentry capsule Service module Spaceplane Robotic spacecraft Satellite Space probe Lander Rover Self-replicating
International_Space_Station
Rocket flight
Boeing X-37B, an American unmanned vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched to low Earth orbit aboard an Atlas V rocket from Cape
OTV-4
2023 American crewed sub-orbital spaceflight
Galactic that took place on 25 May 2023. The flight used their SpaceShipTwo spaceplane VSS Unity. The crew consisted of six Virgin Galactic employees. Unity
Virgin_Galactic_Unity_25
Space exploration concept
vehicle Rocket Space capsule Orbital module Reentry capsule Service module Spaceplane Robotic spacecraft Satellite Space probe Lander Rover Self-replicating
Self-replicating_spacecraft
SPACEPLANE
SPACEPLANE
SPACEPLANE
SPACEPLANE
Boy/Male
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi
Well Born
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
th Month of the Islamic Calendar
Boy/Male
Arabic
Eloquent
Boy/Male
Tamil
Pleasure-seeking, Well-groomed (A great king in the dynasty of the moon-god (all kshatriyas are descendents either of Chandra, the moon-god, or Surya, the sun-god) who ruled the earth for thousands of years.)
Boy/Male
Tamil
Beloved, Dear
Boy/Male
British, Christian, English
From the Linden Tree Hill
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Son of Sivan; Lord Murugan
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Christian, English, Finnish, German, Hebrew, Jamaican, Spanish, Swedish
Kind Type; God is Salvation; Sun; Great Happiness; Of a Noble Kind; Of the Nobility; Joy
Boy/Male
Indian
One who gives protection, The giver of might and glory
Boy/Male
Tamil
Yashdeep | யஷà¯à®¤à¯€à®ªÂ
Success, The light of glory
SPACEPLANE
SPACEPLANE
SPACEPLANE
SPACEPLANE
SPACEPLANE