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Soviet spacecraft research project, 1976–1993
The Buran programme (Russian: Буран, IPA: [bʊˈran], lit. 'Snowstorm' or 'Blizzard') was a Soviet and later Russian reusable spacecraft project to develop
Buran_programme
Soviet winged orbital vehicle
as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme. The Buran orbiters were similar in design to the U.S. Space Shuttle. Buran completed one uncrewed spaceflight
Buran_(spacecraft)
Reusable launch system
third Buran-class orbiter to be produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme. Its construction was not complete when the Buran programme was cancelled
2.01_(Buran-class_spacecraft)
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Buran or buran in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Buran may refer to: Buran, Ardabil, a village in Ardabil Province, Iran Buran, Mazandaran, a
Buran
Soviet/Russian heavy transport helicopter
The developers of the Buran space vehicle programme considered using Mi-26 helicopters to "bundle" lift components for the Buran spacecraft, but test flights
Mil_Mi-26
Type of wind or windstorm in Asia
The Soviet space programme named a class of spacecraft after the buran (see Buran programme). Dust storm N'aschi Shamal (wind) Buran on Winds of the World
Buran_(wind)
Reusable launch system
the designation of the fifth Soviet/Russian Buran-class orbiter to be produced as part of the Buran programme. It was never officially named. 2.03 was a
2.03_(Buran-class_spacecraft)
The Buran programme was an attempt by the Soviet Union to construct an orbital spaceplane to perform similar functions to the Space Shuttle. Similar to
List_of_Buran_missions
Soviet/Ukrainian heavy strategic cargo aircraft
enlarged derivative of the Antonov An-124 airlifter for transporting the Buran spacecraft. On 21 December 1988, the An-225 performed its maiden flight;
Antonov_An-225_Mriya
Reusable launch vehicle
for all orbiters in the programme), is the second Buran-class orbiter, produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme. Although 2K was the closest
Ptichka
Reusable launch system
designation of the fourth built Soviet/Russian Buran-class orbiter to be produced as part of the Buran programme. Construction of 2.02 is believed to have
2.02_(Buran-class_spacecraft)
Conversion of Soviet M-4 Molot bomber to carry outsized cargo
modified to carry rocket boosters and the Soviet space shuttles of the Buran program. It is also known as the 3M-T. The design was conceived in 1978
Myasishchev_VM-T
Spaceport in Kazakhstan leased to Russia
305°E / 46.008; 63.305 As part of the Buran programme, several facilities were adapted or newly built for the Buran-class space shuttle orbiters: Site 110
Baikonur_Cosmodrome
Soviet space programme test vehicle
atmospheric test vehicle ("Buran aerodynamic analogue") of the orbital Buran spacecraft. It was constructed for the Buran programme in 1984, and was used for
OK-GLI
Algorithm mapping tool
programming and modeling language developed as part of the defunct Soviet Union Buran space program in 1986 following the need in increase of software development
DRAKON
Soviet/Russian space station (1986–2001)
Mir had halted while all resources were being put into the Buran programme to prepare the Buran spacecraft for flight testing. Funding resumed in early 1984
Mir
State Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Systems or GosNIIAS for short (Russian: ГосНИИАС) is a Russian aerospace research centre. Founded by the
State Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Systems
State_Scientific_Research_Institute_of_Aviation_Systems
Mir space station module
was based on the 77K (TKS) design. The module was designed with the Buran programme in mind, with the aft node having two APAS-89 docking ports. The module
Kristall
Spacecraft capable of aerodynamic flight in atmosphere
reusable projects until Buran. The Buran orbital vehicle programme was developed in response to the U.S. Space Shuttle programme, which raised considerable
Spaceplane
Airport in Kazakhstan
tons. The airfield was built in the early 1980s for the development of the Buran reusable spacecraft program. The decree establishing the landing complex
Yubileyniy_Airport
Topics referred to by the same term
Zvezda spaceplane, a Soviet spaceplane project; see Buran programme#History of the Buran programme NPP Zvezda, Russian aeronautical and space manufacturer
Zvezda
Soviet-Lithuanian pilot (1944-1990)
a Lithuanian test pilot and cosmonaut in the Soviet space shuttle Buran programme. He was killed in a crash of his Su-27 fighter plane during an airshow
Rimantas_Stankevičius
Soviet test pilot
test pilot who initially came to public attention as a test pilot for the Buran space shuttle. He is from Dagestan. He continued his career after the collapse
Magomed_Tolboyev
Soviet/Russian spacesuit to use on Buran-class orbiters
space suit that was originally developed for the crew of the Soviet/Russian Buran-class orbiters. It resembled the Sokol space suit worn by Soyuz crew members
Strizh_(space_suit)
Soviet cosmonaut (1941–1988)
Левченко; May 5, 1941 – August 6, 1988) was a Soviet cosmonaut in the Buran programme. Trained as a test pilot and selected as a cosmonaut on 12 July 1980
Anatoly_Levchenko
The All-Russian Institute of Aviation Materials (VIAM; Russian: Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов) is a state research
All-Russian Institute Of Aviation Materials
All-Russian_Institute_Of_Aviation_Materials
1972–2011 United States human spaceflight program
and between 2003 and 2005 after catastrophic failures. The Soviet shuttle Buran was very similar and was designed to have the same capabilities but made
Space_Shuttle_program
Aircraft ejection seat
Yak-130. K-36LM: Used in the Tu-160 Blackjack K-36RB: Variant used on Buran programme K-36VM: Automatic ejection system (SKE) used successfully 20/20 times
NPP_Zvezda_K-36
First module of the Soviet/Russian Mir space station
Soviet Union and the subsequent funding issues that followed with the Buran programme, this never occurred. The Mir Core Module, along with the rest of the
Mir_Core_Module
different nations visited the station, and conducted 80 spacewalks. The Buran programme (Russian: Буран, IPA: [bʊˈran], lit. 'Snowstorm' or 'Blizzard') was
History_of_spaceflight
Pilot with extra training to test aircraft
MiG-29OVT Igor Volk, Soviet/Russian test pilot and lead cosmonaut in the Buran programme Chuck Yeager, first pilot to break the sound barrier in level flight
Test_pilot
Soviet/Russian test pilot and cosmonaut (1937–2017)
1937 – 3 January 2017) was a Soviet test pilot and cosmonaut in the Buran programme. Volk became a pilot in the Soviet Air Forces in 1956 and was in active
Igor_Volk
Topics referred to by the same term
missiles NPO Molniya, a Soviet design bureau responsible for the Shuttle Buran programme Molnija, a watch and clockmaker Molniya, a version of Tarantul-class
Molniya
Soviet aircraft designer (1925–2001)
medium-range narrow-body jet airliner. "Buran" was the first spaceplane to be produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme. Tupolev Tu-123 Yastreb was one
Aleksey_Tupolev
Russian architect
Mir space stations. Balashova also worked as a consultant for the Buran programme. She retired in 1991 upon the collapse of the Soviet Union, making
Galina_Balashova
Soviet concept for an air-launched, single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane
proposed in the late 1980s, but never developed past the design stage. Buran programme Scaled Composites Stratolaunch Conroy Virtus "OOS, la bestia de Tupolev
Tupolev_OOS
Topics referred to by the same term
space plane, the crewed part of the Space Shuttle Buran Shuttle, the vehicle for the Soviet Buran programme Shuttle (film), a 2008 thriller film Shuttle (video
Shuttle
Russian aerospace research centre
Historical video to celebrate first 100 years of TsAGI TsAGI in the Buran programme 55°35′36″N 38°06′24″E / 55.59333°N 38.10667°E / 55.59333; 38.10667
Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute
Central_Aerohydrodynamic_Institute
Website on space topics up to 2019
of space stations including the NASA Space Shuttle and the Soviet Buran programme. In addition, the encyclopedia contains many comprehensive review articles
Encyclopedia_Astronautica
Ukrainian cosmonaut (1951–2018)
in the Buran program as commander of the planned Soviet reusable spacecraft.[citation needed] He was removed from a team of test pilots of Buran due to
Leonid_Kadenyuk
spacex.com/launches/starship-flight-14 Zak, Anatoly (25 December 2018). "Buran reusable orbiter". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 28 June 2019. Richelson
List_of_heaviest_spacecraft
1959 Soviet unmanned aircraft prototype
to build the heat-shield were developed only in the 1980s for the Buran programme. The aircraft was built and several test launches were performed. However
Tupolev_Tu-121
Russian aerospace research and testing centre
used as the backup landing site for the Shuttle Buran test program and also as a test base for a Buran's aerodynamic prototype BTS-002. GFRI periodically
Gromov Flight Research Institute
Gromov_Flight_Research_Institute
JSC NPO Molniya, lead developer of the Russian Spiral and Shuttle Buran programme, Doctor of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labour, laureate of Lenin Prize
Gleb_Lozino-Lozinskiy
Proposed Soviet air-launched reusable launch system project
air-launched orbiter projects, such as Svityaz and Oril. Air launch to orbit Buran programme Kliper State Space Agency of Ukraine § Svityaz project RD-701 – main
MAKS_(spacecraft)
Concept of launching the Space Shuttle orbiter using the Saturn V rocket
of launches. However, it was ultimately rejected on basis of cost. Buran programme Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar X-37 Dream Chaser List of launch vehicle designs
Saturn-Shuttle
Rocket launch site in Kazakhstan
Energia launch, carrying the Buran spaceplane. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union the Energia and Buran programmes were cancelled, and the complex
Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_110
1984 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Salyut 7
which might have been: he was a Buran programme program pilot being flown in space to prove he would be able to pilot Buran back to Earth after an extended
Soyuz_T-12
Family of programming languages
was added to Unicode 5.2 for backward compatibility with historic Buran programme ALGOL software. To date there have been at least 70 augmentations,
ALGOL
American magazine founded 1916
David C. Jones to hold on the story, but received details on the Buran programme which were published on March 20, 1978. It revealed progressively the
Aviation Week & Space Technology
Aviation_Week_&_Space_Technology
Use of outer space for military aims
these concerns were part of the motivation behind pursuing their own Buran programme, the actual study concerning the potential for US Space Shuttles to
Militarisation_of_space
Soviet uncrewed spacecraft
support tests of the K-36M ejection seat under development for the Buran programme. In addition to their regular cargoes, the Progress 7 spacecraft was
Progress_7K-TG
Soviet-Russian cosmonaut and test pilot (born 1948)
working on Buran. Delays with Buran and increased need for space station crews resulted in his transferring to training for the Interkosmos programme in January
Anatoly_Solovyev
Space exploration program conducted by the Soviet Union from 1951 to 1991
of sixteen countries into space. The Energia super heavy-lift rocket and Buran spaceplane, a response to the US Space Shuttle, were briefly flown in the
Soviet_space_program
Human spaceflight programme of the Soviet Union
The Soyuz programme (/ˈsɔɪjuːz/ SOY-yooz, /ˈsɔː-/ SAW-; Russian: Союз [sɐˈjus], meaning "Union") is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet
Soyuz_programme
Russian spacecraft engineer
thereafter Head of the Systems integration test laboratory of the Energia-Buran programme. In 1987, Sopov supervised the fuelling of the Energia heavy-lift launch
Sergey_Alekseevich_Sopov
Subsidiary of Roscosmos
and Soyuz spacecraft (1961-1980), components and assemblies for the "Buran programme" complex (1983-1988), rigging and non-standardized equipment for the
Zlatoust Machine-Building Plant
Zlatoust_Machine-Building_Plant
Soviet (now Russian) liquid rocket engine
engine that was used in the Soviet Energia launch system. During the Buran programme initial development of the 11D77 —the launch vehicle later known as
RD-120
ESA re-entry vehicle prototype
high-profile examples of these being the American Space Shuttle and Soviet Buran programmes. The national space agencies of European nations, such as France's
Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
Intermediate_eXperimental_Vehicle
European reusable rocket demonstrator programme
The Themis programme is an ongoing European Space Agency programme carried by prime contractor ArianeGroup, aiming to develop a prototype reusable rocket
Themis_programme
German government program
German space programme is the set of projects funded by the government of Germany for the exploration and use of outer space. The space programme is run by
German_space_programme
Soviet space station programme
The Salyut programme (Russian: Салют, IPA: [sɐˈlʲut], meaning "salute" or "fireworks") was the first space station programme, undertaken by the Soviet
Salyut_programme
Union (b. 1897) August 6 — Anatoly Levchenko, Soviet cosmonaut in the Buran programme (b. 1941) August 30 — Nikolai Fefilov, serial killer (b. 1946) August
1988_in_the_Soviet_Union
critical systems such as life support. The station would have used the Buran spaceplane and Proton rockets to lift new modules into orbit. The spaceframe
Origins of the International Space Station
Origins_of_the_International_Space_Station
Soviet human spaceflight project
The Vostok programme (/ˈvɒstɒk, vɒˈstɒk/ VOST-ok, vost-OK; Russian: Восток, IPA: [vɐˈstok] , lit. 'East') was a Soviet human spaceflight project to put
Vostok_programme
Aerospace company
consisting of ejection seat K-36RB for Buran space vehicle. The system is designed to allow the evacuation of the Buran as the crew at takeoff and landing
NPP_Zvezda
Indian reusable rocket programme
Reusable Launch Vehicle–Technology Demonstration Programme is a series of technology demonstration missions that has been conceived by ISRO as a first
RLV Technology Demonstration Programme
RLV_Technology_Demonstration_Programme
Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
been one of the final nails in the coffin of the programme. The radio call sign of the spacecraft was Buran, meaning blizzard, which years later was re-used
Soyuz_7
Soviet cancelled spaceplane project
to Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105. Predecessor of Shuttle and Buran: Spiral Orbital Aircraft Programme Spiral and EPOS project Spiral OS Spiral 50-50 Spiral,
Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-105
Soviet cosmonaut (1930–1998)
notably, he was involved in the development of the Soviet space shuttle Buran and in cosmonaut training. He died of cancer on 4 August 1998. He was awarded:
Yuri_Artyukhin
Soviet spaceflight program
The Voskhod programme (Russian: Восход, lit. 'ascent, dawn', IPA: [vɐsˈxot]) was the second Soviet human spaceflight project. Two one-day crewed missions
Voskhod_programme
Associate Administrator for the Office of Space Flight, George Abbey The Buran Spacecraft designed as an equivalent to the US Space Shuttle. The Energia
Dragonfly: NASA and the Crisis Aboard Mir
Dragonfly:_NASA_and_the_Crisis_Aboard_Mir
Soviet supersonic passenger airliner
cancellation of the Tu-144 programme in 1983. The Tu-144 was later used by the Soviet space programme to train pilots of the Buran spacecraft, and by NASA
Tupolev_Tu-144
1974 United Nations treaty
The Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite was opened for signature on 21 May 1974 in Brussels
Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite
Convention_Relating_to_the_Distribution_of_Programme-Carrying_Signals_Transmitted_by_Satellite
Construction work for Bayterek is yet to begin. Zak, Anatoly. "Baikonur: Energia-Buran Facilities: Site 250". RussianSpaceWeb. Archived from the original on 3
Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_250
1993–1998 collaborative Russia–US space program
the 1980s even considering flights of the future Soviet shuttles from the Buran program to a future US space station – this "Shuttle–Salyut" program never
Shuttle–Mir_program
1990s European proposal of a robotic spaceplane
Hopper was a FESTIP (Future European Space Transportation Investigations Programme) system study design. Hopper was one of several proposals for a reusable
Hopper_(spacecraft)
Fourth and final TKS spacecraft
recovering the station using the Buran shuttle. However, following delays to and the eventual cancellation of the Buran program, Kosmos 1686 underwent uncontrolled
Kosmos_1686
Russian spacecraft manufacturer
Voskhod (1964–1965) Soyuz (1967–present) Progress (1978–present) Buran (1988) Salyut programme (1971–1986) Mir (1986–2001) International Space Station (1998-present)
Energia_(corporation)
Soviet engineer, cosmonaut, chess federation head and presenter (1935–2010)
station before returning to spacecraft design in the 1980s to work on the Buran project. In 1971, he was the backup Flight Engineer for the ill-fated Soyuz
Vitaly_Sevastyanov
Spacecraft docking mechanism
Mir, they were also working on the Buran shuttle program. APAS-89 was envisioned to be the docking system for Buran with the Mir space station. The APAS-75
Androgynous Peripheral Attach System
Androgynous_Peripheral_Attach_System
German cancelled spaceplane project
independent crewed space programmes, instead focusing upon the utilisation of existing capabilities and other space-related research programmes. The West German
Saenger_(spacecraft)
Concept for a crewed single-stage reusable spaceplane
2001. Spaceplanes of comparable role, configuration and era Boeing X-37 Buran Dream Chaser Skylon Space Rider Space Shuttle SpaceShipTwo "India Eyes New
Avatar_(spacecraft)
Allows US industries to exploit space resources
(2010–2021) EU Agency for the Space Programme (2021–) Galileo programme Copernicus programme EGNOS programme EUSST programme Body of European Regulators for
Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act of 2015
Commercial_Space_Launch_Competitiveness_Act_of_2015
French astronaut (born 1938)
days, 18 hours, and 7 minutes. During 1990–1993, Chrétien participated in Buran spacecraft pilot training at the Moscow Joukovski Institute. In 1994, he
Jean-Loup_Chrétien
Soviet engineer and cosmonaut (1933–2003)
for Energia, both in the Mir space station program as well as the Energia-Buran development. He died in Moscow in 2003 from a heart attack. Twice Hero of
Oleg_Makarov_(cosmonaut)
Single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane
2004, the developer estimated the total lifetime cost of the Skylon C1 programme to be about $12 billion. As of 2017[update], only a small portion of the
Skylon_(spacecraft)
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
electronics), postponed it till the end of the 1980s. The first shuttle, the Buran, flew in 1988, but without a human crew. Another, Ptichka, endured prolonged
Soviet_Union
Country in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
where the first man was launched into space as well as Soviet space shuttle Buran and the well-known space station Mir. On 11 April 2010 presidents Nazarbayev
Kazakhstan
Soviet cosmonaut (1934–1968)
Norway–Soviet Union border, before his selection for the Soviet space programme alongside five other cosmonauts. Following his spaceflight, Gagarin became
Yuri_Gagarin
Large vehicle that leads, serves, or carries other smaller vehicles
The Soviet Union developed and used the Antonov An-225 Mriya to ferry the Buran spacecraft. Some large long-range aircraft have been modified as motherships
Mother_ship
Soviet spacecraft conceived in the late 1960s
orbit after that mission in anticipation of further TKS flights, and the Buran shuttle. These never materialized, and Salyut 7 and Kosmos 1686 reentered
TKS_(spacecraft)
(2010–2021) EU Agency for the Space Programme (2021–) Galileo programme Copernicus programme EGNOS programme EUSST programme Body of European Regulators for
Space Innovation and Growth Team
Space_Innovation_and_Growth_Team
United States federal law
(2010–2021) EU Agency for the Space Programme (2021–) Galileo programme Copernicus programme EGNOS programme EUSST programme Body of European Regulators for
Wolf_Amendment
Soviet space station (1982–1991)
Galina Balashova, who carried on the concept through Soyuz to Mir and Buran, in an effort to replace 'survive' with 'comfort', working with seasoned
Salyut_7
Soviet locksmith, builder, air officer and cosmonaut (born 1944)
TM-3. Romanenko retired from flights in 1988 and became the director of Buran program, which was a Soviet alternative to the Space Shuttle. The program
Yuri_Romanenko
Soviet designed rocket family
September 2014. Hendrickx, Bart; Vis, Bert (2007). "Beyond Buran - Chelomey's LKS". Energiya-Buran: The Soviet Space Shuttle. Space Exploration. Springer-Praxis
Proton_(rocket_family)
First Indian anti-satellite weapon test
radars and interceptors developed for Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme. In July 2012, Ajay Lele, an Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses
Mission_Shakti
Series of grand tourer cars
GT4 European Cup, and the GranTurismo MC Sport Line, a customisation programme, were also part of the lineup. The GranTurismo Sport, introduced in 2012
Maserati_GranTurismo
Component to protect against excessive heat
Soviet spaceplane, known as the Buran, also used TPS tiles that are similar to the American Shuttles. With the Buran also using a ceramic tiles on the
Heat_shield
travel, tourism, insurance
BURAN PROGRAMME
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BURAN PROGRAMME
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