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Soviet spacecraft research project, 1976–1993
The Buran programme (Russian: Буран, IPA: [bʊˈran], lit. 'Snowstorm' or 'Blizzard') was a Soviet and later Russian reusable spacecraft project to develop
Buran_programme
Soviet winged orbital vehicle
as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme. The Buran orbiters were similar in design to the U.S. Space Shuttle. Buran completed one uncrewed spaceflight
Buran_(spacecraft)
Soviet/Russian heavy transport helicopter
The developers of the Buran space vehicle programme considered using Mi-26 helicopters to "bundle" lift components for the Buran spacecraft, but test flights
Mil_Mi-26
Reusable launch system
third Buran-class orbiter to be produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme. Its construction was not complete when the Buran programme was cancelled
2.01_(Buran-class_spacecraft)
Type of wind or windstorm in Asia
The Soviet space programme named a class of spacecraft after the buran (see Buran programme). Dust storm N'aschi Shamal (wind) Buran on Winds of the World
Buran_(wind)
The Buran programme was an attempt by the Soviet Union to construct an orbital spaceplane to perform similar functions to the Space Shuttle. Similar to
List_of_Buran_missions
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Buran or buran in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Buran may refer to: Buran, Ardabil, a village in Ardabil Province, Iran Buran, Mazandaran, a
Buran
Reusable launch vehicle
for all orbiters in the programme), is the second Buran-class orbiter, produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme. Although 2K was the closest
Ptichka
Spaceport in Kazakhstan leased to Russia
305°E / 46.008; 63.305 As part of the Buran programme, several facilities were adapted or newly built for the Buran-class space shuttle orbiters: Site 110
Baikonur_Cosmodrome
Reusable launch system
the designation of the fifth Soviet/Russian Buran-class orbiter to be produced as part of the Buran programme. It was never officially named. 2.03 was a
2.03_(Buran-class_spacecraft)
Soviet/Ukrainian heavy strategic cargo aircraft
enlarged derivative of the Antonov An-124 airlifter for transporting the Buran spacecraft. On 21 December 1988, the An-225 performed its maiden flight;
Antonov_An-225_Mriya
Reusable launch system
designation of the fourth built Soviet/Russian Buran-class orbiter to be produced as part of the Buran programme. Construction of 2.02 is believed to have
2.02_(Buran-class_spacecraft)
Spacecraft capable of aerodynamic flight in atmosphere
to be launched into space. The Buran orbiters used the expendable Energia rocket as a launch vehicle. The Buran programme was started by the Soviet Union
Spaceplane
Soviet/Russian space station (1986–2001)
Mir had halted while all resources were being put into the Buran programme to prepare the Buran spacecraft for flight testing. Funding resumed in early 1984
Mir
Mir space station module
was based on the 77K (TKS) design. The module was designed with the Buran programme in mind, with the aft node having two APAS-89 docking ports. The module
Kristall
Soviet-Lithuanian pilot (1944-1990)
a Lithuanian test pilot and cosmonaut in the Soviet space shuttle Buran programme. He was killed in a crash of his Su-27 fighter plane during an airshow
Rimantas_Stankevičius
Conversion of Soviet M-4 Molot bomber to carry outsized cargo
modified to carry rocket boosters and the Soviet space shuttles of the Buran program. It is also known as the 3M-T. The design was conceived in 1978
Myasishchev_VM-T
Algorithm mapping tool
programming and modeling language developed as part of the defunct Soviet Union Buran space program in 1986 following the need in increase of software development
DRAKON
Soviet space programme test vehicle
atmospheric test vehicle ("Buran aerodynamic analogue") of the orbital Buran spacecraft. It was constructed for the Buran programme in 1984, and was used for
OK-GLI
Soviet/Russian test pilot and cosmonaut (1937–2017)
1937 – 3 January 2017) was a Soviet test pilot and cosmonaut in the Buran programme. Volk became a pilot in the Soviet Air Forces in 1956 and was in active
Igor_Volk
JSC NPO Molniya, lead developer of the Russian Spiral and Shuttle Buran programme, Doctor of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labour, laureate of Lenin Prize
Gleb_Lozino-Lozinskiy
1972–2011 United States human spaceflight program
and between 2003 and 2005 after catastrophic failures. The Soviet shuttle Buran was very similar and was designed to have the same capabilities but made
Space_Shuttle_program
The All-Russian Institute of Aviation Materials (VIAM; Russian: Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов) is a state research
All-Russian Institute Of Aviation Materials
All-Russian_Institute_Of_Aviation_Materials
Aircraft ejection seat
Yak-130. K-36LM: Used in the Tu-160 Blackjack K-36RB: Variant used on Buran programme K-36VM: Automatic ejection system (SKE) used successfully 20/20 times
NPP_Zvezda_K-36
State Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Systems or GosNIIAS for short (Russian: ГосНИИАС) is a Russian aerospace research centre. Founded by the
State Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Systems
State_Scientific_Research_Institute_of_Aviation_Systems
Topics referred to by the same term
Zvezda spaceplane, a Soviet spaceplane project; see Buran programme#History of the Buran programme NPP Zvezda, Russian aeronautical and space manufacturer
Zvezda
Soviet concept for an air-launched, single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane
proposed in the late 1980s, but never developed past the design stage. Buran programme Scaled Composites Stratolaunch Conroy Virtus "OOS, la bestia de Tupolev
Tupolev_OOS
Ukrainian cosmonaut (1951–2018)
in the Buran program as commander of the planned Soviet reusable spacecraft.[citation needed] He was removed from a team of test pilots of Buran due to
Leonid_Kadenyuk
Topics referred to by the same term
space plane, the crewed part of the Space Shuttle Buran Shuttle, the vehicle for the Soviet Buran programme Shuttle (film), a 2008 thriller film Shuttle (video
Shuttle
Pilot with extra training to test aircraft
MiG-29OVT Igor Volk, Soviet/Russian test pilot and lead cosmonaut in the Buran programme Chuck Yeager, first pilot to break the sound barrier in level flight
Test_pilot
Soviet cosmonaut (1941–1988)
Левченко; May 5, 1941 – August 6, 1988) was a Soviet cosmonaut in the Buran programme. Trained as a test pilot and selected as a cosmonaut on 12 July 1980
Anatoly_Levchenko
Proposed Soviet air-launched reusable launch system project
air-launched orbiter projects, such as Svityaz and Oril. Air launch to orbit Buran programme Kliper State Space Agency of Ukraine § Svityaz project RD-701 – main
MAKS_(spacecraft)
1993–1998 collaborative Russia–US space program
1980s even considering flights of the future Soviet shuttles from the Buran programme to a future US space station – this "Shuttle–Salyut" program never
Shuttle–Mir_program
Soviet/Russian spacesuit to use on Buran-class orbiters
space suit that was originally developed for the crew of the Soviet/Russian Buran-class orbiters. It resembled the Sokol space suit worn by Soyuz crew members
Strizh_(space_suit)
Concept of launching the Space Shuttle orbiter using the Saturn V rocket
of launches. However, it was ultimately rejected on basis of cost. Buran programme Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar X-37 Dream Chaser List of launch vehicle designs
Saturn-Shuttle
First module of the Soviet/Russian Mir space station
Soviet Union and the subsequent funding issues that followed with the Buran programme, this never occurred. The Mir Core Module, along with the rest of the
Mir_Core_Module
Russian architect
Mir space stations. Balashova also worked as a consultant for the Buran programme. She retired in 1991 upon the collapse of the Soviet Union, making
Galina_Balashova
Russian aerospace research and testing centre
used as the backup landing site for the Shuttle Buran test program and also as a test base for a Buran's aerodynamic prototype BTS-002. GFRI periodically
Gromov Flight Research Institute
Gromov_Flight_Research_Institute
Soviet test pilot
test pilot who initially came to public attention as a test pilot for the Buran space shuttle. He is from Dagestan. He continued his career after the collapse
Magomed_Tolboyev
Russian aerospace research centre
Historical video to celebrate first 100 years of TsAGI TsAGI in the Buran programme TsAGI on Google Maps 55°35′36″N 38°06′24″E / 55.59333°N 38.10667°E
Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute
Central_Aerohydrodynamic_Institute
1959 Soviet unmanned aircraft prototype
to build the heat-shield were developed only in the 1980s for the Buran programme. The aircraft was built and several test launches were performed. However
Tupolev_Tu-121
Soviet-Russian cosmonaut and test pilot (born 1948)
working on Buran. Delays with Buran and increased need for space station crews resulted in his transferring to training for the Interkosmos programme in January
Anatoly_Solovyev
1984 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Salyut 7
which might have been: he was a Buran programme program pilot being flown in space to prove he would be able to pilot Buran back to Earth after an extended
Soyuz_T-12
Airport in Kazakhstan
tons. The airfield was built in the early 1980s for the development of the Buran reusable spacecraft program. The decree establishing the landing complex
Yubileyniy_Airport
different nations visited the station, and conducted 80 spacewalks. The Buran programme (Russian: Буран, IPA: [bʊˈran], lit. 'Snowstorm' or 'Blizzard') was
History_of_spaceflight
American magazine founded 1916
David C. Jones to hold on the story, but received details on the Buran programme which were published on March 20, 1978. It revealed progressively the
Aviation Week & Space Technology
Aviation_Week_&_Space_Technology
September 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2025. Zak, Anatoly (25 December 2018). "Buran reusable orbiter". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 28 June 2019. Richelson
List_of_heaviest_spacecraft
Website on space topics up to 2019
of space stations including the NASA Space Shuttle and the Soviet Buran programme. In addition, the encyclopedia contains many comprehensive review articles
Encyclopedia_Astronautica
Rocket launch site in Kazakhstan
Energia launch, carrying the Buran spaceplane. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union the Energia and Buran programmes were cancelled, and the complex
Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_110
Soviet aircraft designer (1925–2001)
medium-range narrow-body jet airliner. "Buran" was the first spaceplane to be produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme. Tupolev Tu-123 Yastreb was one
Aleksey_Tupolev
Use of outer space for military aims
these concerns were part of the motivation behind pursuing their own Buran programme, the actual study concerning the potential for US Space Shuttles to
Militarisation_of_space
Subsidiary of Roscosmos
and Soyuz spacecraft (1961-1980), components and assemblies for the "Buran programme" complex (1983-1988), rigging and non-standardized equipment for the
Zlatoust Machine-Building Plant
Zlatoust_Machine-Building_Plant
Topics referred to by the same term
missiles NPO Molniya, a Soviet design bureau responsible for the Shuttle Buran programme Molnija, a Russian watch and clockmaker Molniya, a project of the Tarantul
Molniya
Space exploration program conducted by the Soviet Union from 1951 to 1991
of sixteen countries into space. The Energia super heavy-lift rocket and Buran spaceplane, a response to the US Space Shuttle, were briefly flown in the
Soviet_space_program
Family of programming languages
was added to Unicode 5.2 for backward compatibility with historic Buran programme ALGOL software. To date there have been at least 70 augmentations,
ALGOL
Soviet uncrewed spacecraft
support tests of the K-36M ejection seat under development for the Buran programme. In addition to their regular cargoes, the Progress 7 spacecraft was
Progress_7K-TG
Human spaceflight programme of the Soviet Union
The Soyuz programme (/ˈsɔɪjuːz/ SOY-yooz, /ˈsɔː-/ SAW-; Russian: Союз [sɐˈjus], meaning "Union") is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet
Soyuz_programme
Soviet (now Russian) liquid rocket engine
engine that was used in the Soviet Energia launch system. During the Buran programme initial development of the 11D77 —the launch vehicle later known as
RD-120
ESA re-entry vehicle prototype
high-profile examples of these being the American Space Shuttle and Soviet Buran programmes. The national space agencies of European nations, such as France's
Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
Intermediate_eXperimental_Vehicle
Union (b. 1897) August 6 — Anatoly Levchenko, Soviet cosmonaut in the Buran programme (b. 1941) August 30 — Nikolai Fefilov, serial killer (b. 1946) August
1988_in_the_Soviet_Union
Soviet human spaceflight project
The Vostok programme (/ˈvɒstɒk, vɒˈstɒk/ VOST-ok, vost-OK; Russian: Восток, IPA: [vɐˈstok] , lit. 'East') was a Soviet human spaceflight project to put
Vostok_programme
Soviet space station programme
The Salyut programme (Russian: Салют, IPA: [sɐˈlʲut], meaning "salute" or "fireworks") was the first space station programme, undertaken by the Soviet
Salyut_programme
Ukrainian ethnic minority in Russia
Lozino-Lozinskiy – lead developer of the Soviet Spiral and Shuttle Buran programme. Vladimir Vernadsky – mineralogist and geochemist George Vernadsky
Ukrainians_in_Russia
European Space Agency programme to develop a prototype reusable rocket first stage
The Themis programme is an ongoing European Space Agency programme carried by prime contractor ArianeGroup, aiming to develop a prototype reusable rocket
Themis_programme
Russian spacecraft engineer
thereafter Head of the Systems integration test laboratory of the Energia-Buran programme. In 1987, Sopov supervised the fuelling of the Energia heavy-lift launch
Sergey_Alekseevich_Sopov
Indian reusable rocket programme
Reusable Launch Vehicle–Technology Demonstration Programme is a series of technology demonstration missions that has been conceived by ISRO as a first
RLV Technology Demonstration Programme
RLV_Technology_Demonstration_Programme
German government program
German space programme is the set of projects funded by the government of Germany for the exploration and use of outer space. The space programme is run by
German_space_programme
Soviet cosmonaut (1930–1998)
notably, he was involved in the development of the Soviet space shuttle Buran and in cosmonaut training. He died of cancer on 4 August 1998. He was awarded:
Yuri_Artyukhin
Soviet cancelled spaceplane project
to Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105. Predecessor of Shuttle and Buran: Spiral Orbital Aircraft Programme Spiral and EPOS project Spiral OS Spiral 50-50 Spiral,
Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-105
Aerospace company
consisting of ejection seat K-36RB for Buran space vehicle. The system is designed to allow the evacuation of the Buran as the crew at takeoff and landing
NPP_Zvezda
critical systems such as life support. The station would have used the Buran spaceplane and Proton rockets to lift new modules into orbit. The spaceframe
Origins of the International Space Station
Origins_of_the_International_Space_Station
Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
been one of the final nails in the coffin of the programme. The radio call sign of the spacecraft was Buran, meaning blizzard, which years later was re-used
Soyuz_7
Soviet supersonic passenger airliner
cancellation of the Tu-144 programme in 1983. The Tu-144 was later used by the Soviet space programme to train pilots of the Buran spacecraft, and by NASA
Tupolev_Tu-144
Soviet spaceflight program
The Voskhod programme (Russian: Восход, lit. 'ascent, dawn', IPA: [vɐsˈxot]) was the second Soviet human spaceflight project. Two one-day crewed missions
Voskhod_programme
Russian spacecraft manufacturer
Voskhod (1964–1965) Soyuz (1967–present) Progress (1978–present) Buran (1988) Salyut programme (1971–1986) Mir (1986–2001) International Space Station (1998-present)
Energia_(corporation)
Establish A Space Programme. Retrieved from https://spacewatch.global/2018/12/syria-seeks-to-build-satellite-establish-a-space-programme/ "Syria Aims for
List of government space agencies
List_of_government_space_agencies
1974 United Nations treaty
The Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite was opened for signature on 21 May 1974 in Brussels
Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite
Convention_Relating_to_the_Distribution_of_Programme-Carrying_Signals_Transmitted_by_Satellite
Soviet space station (1982–1991)
Galina Balashova, who carried on the concept through Soyuz to Mir and Buran, in an effort to replace 'survive' with 'comfort', working with seasoned
Salyut_7
1990s European proposal of a robotic spaceplane
Hopper was a FESTIP (Future European Space Transportation Investigations Programme) system study design. Hopper was one of several proposals for a reusable
Hopper_(spacecraft)
Concept for a crewed single-stage reusable spaceplane
2001. Spaceplanes of comparable role, configuration and era Boeing X-37 Buran Dream Chaser Skylon Space Rider Space Shuttle SpaceShipTwo "India Eyes New
Avatar_(spacecraft)
Associate Administrator for the Office of Space Flight, George Abbey The Buran Spacecraft designed as an equivalent to the US Space Shuttle. The Energia
Dragonfly: NASA and the Crisis Aboard Mir
Dragonfly:_NASA_and_the_Crisis_Aboard_Mir
Soviet engineer, cosmonaut, chess federation head and presenter (1935–2010)
station before returning to spacecraft design in the 1980s to work on the Buran project. In 1971, he was the backup Flight Engineer for the ill-fated Soyuz
Vitaly_Sevastyanov
Construction work for Bayterek is yet to begin. Zak, Anatoly. "Baikonur: Energia-Buran Facilities: Site 250". RussianSpaceWeb. Archived from the original on 3
Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_250
Single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane
2004, the developer estimated the total lifetime cost of the Skylon C1 programme to be about $12 billion. As of 2017[update], only a small portion of the
Skylon_(spacecraft)
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
electronics), postponed it till the end of the 1980s. The first shuttle, the Buran, flew in 1988, but without a human crew. Another, Ptichka, endured prolonged
Soviet_Union
Soviet spacecraft conceived in the late 1960s
orbit after that mission in anticipation of further TKS flights, and the Buran shuttle. These never materialized, and Salyut 7 and Kosmos 1686 reentered
TKS_(spacecraft)
Large vehicle that leads, serves, or carries other smaller vehicles
The Soviet Union developed and used the Antonov An-225 Mriya to ferry the Buran spacecraft. Some large long-range aircraft have been modified as motherships
Mother_ship
Orbital recoverable launch vehicle of the European company ArianeGroup
developed under the EU-funded Project SALTO's VTVL demonstrator Themis programme, the joint CNES-DLR-JAXA VTVL demonstrator CALLISTO project, and the ESA-funded
Ariane_Next
Soviet cosmonaut (1934–1968)
Norway–Soviet Union border, before his selection for the Soviet space programme alongside five other cosmonauts. Following his spaceflight, Gagarin became
Yuri_Gagarin
Reusable rocket demonstrator
2020; it has since been postponed multiple times to 2027. Following the programme's conclusion, the experiences and technologies gained through CALLISTO
CALLISTO
Soviet designed rocket family
September 2014. Hendrickx, Bart; Vis, Bert (2007). "Beyond Buran - Chelomey's LKS". Energiya-Buran: The Soviet Space Shuttle. Space Exploration. Springer-Praxis
Proton_(rocket_family)
US–USSR spaceflight capability rivalry
vehicle, and decided they had to develop their own shuttle, which they named Buran, beginning in 1974. They copied the aerodynamic design of NASA's Shuttle
Space_Race
Soviet strategic bomber and tanker aircraft
attached to the tips of the tail-plane. Notably used for transporting the Buran shuttle and Energia launch vehicle components before the Antonov An-225
Myasishchev_M-4
First Indian anti-satellite weapon test
radars and interceptors developed for Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme. In July 2012, Ajay Lele, an Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses
Mission_Shakti
Soviet international spaceflight program
station, with later talks in the 1980s even considering flights of the future Buran-class orbiter to a future US space station. Whilst the Shuttle–Salyut program
Interkosmos
Proposed sub-orbital bomber
Experiment Japan HYFLEX/OREX/ALFLEX HOPE-X WIRES Soviet Union/Russia BOR-4 BOR-5 Buran Explorer Keldysh bomber Kliper Lapotok LKS MAKS (Molniya) RAKS (Tu-444/2000)
Silbervogel
November 2010. "Экипажи "Бурана" Несбывшиеся планы" [Crews of 'Buran': Unfulfilled Plans]. www.buran.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 15 November
List of astronauts by year of selection
List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection
Species of antelope
species that was formerly much more widespread. Fossils excavated from the Buran Kaya III site (Crimea) date back to the transition from Pleistocene to Holocene
Saiga_antelope
Soviet (now Ukrainian) RP-1/LOX fueled rocket, for satellite launch
from the original on 2013-11-11. Bart Hendrickx; Bert Vis (2007). Energiya-Buran: The Soviet Space Shuttle. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-0-387-73984-7
Zenit_(rocket_family)
Soviet aerospace engineer (1907–1966)
intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and was a leader in the Soviet space programme which used modified versions of the R-7 for several notable achievements
Sergei_Korolev
BURAN PROGRAMME
BURAN PROGRAMME
Boy/Male
Russian Ukrainian
Lives near the weeds.
Boy/Male
Latin English French
Enduring.
Male
English
 Short form of English Brandon, BRAN means "broom-covered hill," and other names beginning with Bran-. Compare with other forms of Bran.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Brave
Boy/Male
Muslim
Horse of the prophet (Pbuh)
Male
Irish
 Irish name BRAN means "raven." In mythology (from Voyage of Bran), this is the name of a mariner who went on a quest to the Other World. Compare with other forms of Bran.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Horse like animal that carried the prophet (Pbuh) during Mehraj and will carry those that are selected on resurrection day
Surname or Lastname
English
English : status name, from Middle English burghman, borughman (Old English burhmann) ‘inhabitant of a (fortified) town’ (see Burke), especially one holding land or buildings by burgage (see Burgess).Americanized spelling of German Buhrmann (see Buhrman).
Boy/Male
Indian
Horse of the prophet (Pbuh)
Boy/Male
British, English
Place Name; Barn for Cows
Male
Arthurian
, (king; raven); Bran the Blessed.
Boy/Male
Indian
Proof
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Burgin.
Surname or Lastname
Spanish (Durán) and Catalan
Spanish (Durán) and Catalan : from the personal name Durand (see Durant, Durante).English : variant of Durant.Polish : from a derivative of Dura.Czech : from a derivative of Dura.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Complete; Perfect
Boy/Male
Gaelic Russian Teutonic
Noble warrior.
Boy/Male
Indian
Horse like animal that carried the prophet (Pbuh) during Mehraj and will carry those that are selected on resurrection day
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
Tragedy of King Lear' A courtier.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Complete
Male
Welsh
 Welsh name BRAN means "crow" or "raven." In mythology, this is the name of a giant king of Britain known as Bran the Blessed, who was killed attacking Ireland. Compare with other forms of Bran.
BURAN PROGRAMME
BURAN PROGRAMME
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dharshini | தரà¯à®·à¯€à®¨à¯€Â
Someone who see
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Absorbed in the Lord
Boy/Male
Arabic
East; West
Female
Italian
(Russian ТатьÑна): Feminine form of Latin Tatianus, probably TATIANA means "father." In use by the Italians, Portuguese, Romanians, Russians and Spanish.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Worship
Girl/Female
Hindu
Goddess of gold, Daughter
Girl/Female
Native American
Beautiful clouds arising.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Blessing, Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
British, English
Unique; Matchless
Girl/Female
Maori
Maori name made popular by New Zealand actress Nyree Dawn Porter.
BURAN PROGRAMME
BURAN PROGRAMME
BURAN PROGRAMME
BURAN PROGRAMME
BURAN PROGRAMME
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Burn
p. pr. & vb. n.
To burn in the process of distillation; as, to still-burn brandy.
v. t.
To make or produce, as an effect or result, by the application of fire or heat; as, to burn a hole; to burn charcoal; to burn letters into a block.
a.
Made of bran; like bran; scurfy.
n.
The manner or style of execution of an engraver; as, a soft burin; a brilliant burin.
n.
Alt. of Uran-ochre
v. t.
To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize; as, a man burns a certain amount of carbon at each respiration; to burn iron in oxygen.
v. t.
To perfect or improve by fire or heat; to submit to the action of fire or heat for some economic purpose; to destroy or change some property or properties of, by exposure to fire or heat in due degree for obtaining a desired residuum, product, or effect; to bake; as, to burn clay in making bricks or pottery; to burn wood so as to produce charcoal; to burn limestone for the lime.
v. t. & i.
To burn.
n.
Bran.
pl.
of Burman
n.
A member of the Burman family, one of the four great families Burmah; also, sometimes, any inhabitant of Burmah; a Burmese.
v. t.
To injure by fire or heat; to change destructively some property or properties of, by undue exposure to fire or heat; to scorch; to scald; to blister; to singe; to char; to sear; as, to burn steel in forging; to burn one's face in the sun; the sun burns the grass.
n.
The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking; as, they have a good burn.
v. t.
To consume with fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire; -- frequently intensified by up: as, to burn up wood.
v. t.
To consume, injure, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does; as, to burn the mouth with pepper.
v. i.
To have a condition, quality, appearance, sensation, or emotion, as if on fire or excessively heated; to act or rage with destructive violence; to be in a state of lively emotion or strong desire; as, the face burns; to burn with fever.
imp. & p. p.
of Burn
v. t.
To burn.