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Measure for strength of a material
Spall strength ( σ s p ) {\displaystyle (\sigma _{sp})} is defined as the maximum tensile stress a material can withstand under dynamic loading conditions
Spall_strength
Fragments broken off a larger solid body of material
Look up spall in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Spall consists of fragments of a material that break off a larger solid body. It can be produced by
Spall
Physical quantity that expresses internal forces in a continuous material
friction loading Tensile strength Thermal stress Virial stress Yield (engineering) Yield surface Virial theorem Spall strength "12.3 Stress, Strain, and
Stress_(mechanics)
Composite construction material
to the exothermic setting of cement. Improper curing can cause spalling, reduced strength, poor abrasion resistance and cracking. During the curing period
Concrete
Steel in which the main interstitial alloying constituent is carbon
Toshihiro; Watanabe, Takeru; Nowak, Roman (2012). "Ultrasonic detection of spall damage induced by low-velocity repeated impact". Central European Journal
Carbon_steel
Plating used to fortify against damage
War, many AFVs have spall liners inside of the armour, designed to protect crew and equipment inside from fragmentation (spalling) released from the impact
Vehicle_armour
British music drama film
celebrating 'strength' of Scousers coming out next month". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 3 September 2023. Chapman, Stephen (16 July 2023). "Timothy Spall stars
Bolan's_Shoes
2012 film by Ang Lee
novel, it stars Suraj Sharma in his film debut, Irrfan Khan, Tabu, Rafe Spall, Gérard Depardieu and Adil Hussain in lead roles. The storyline revolves
Life_of_Pi_(film)
Gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction with its environment
vulnerable to corrosion, such as those used in neodymium magnets, which can spall or crumble into powder even in dry, temperature-stable indoor environments
Corrosion
2006 British TV series or programme
unnamed street in Manchester and features an all-star cast including Timothy Spall, Stephen Graham, Jim Broadbent, Jane Horrocks, Bob Hoskins, and David Thewlis
The Street (British TV series)
The_Street_(British_TV_series)
2005 British TV drama
Jason and Matthew. Directed by Robin Sheppard, the drama also stars Timothy Spall as Angela's husband Terry, Emma Cunniffe as Angela's sister Claire; and
Cherished_(film)
structure, causing expansion of concrete and decreasing the strength of the material. Spalling at elevated temperature is pronounced, driven by vapor pressure
Properties_of_concrete
Building material
better than dense bricks. In any case, firebricks should not spall, and their strength should hold up well during rapid temperature changes. There are
Fire_brick
Heat-resistant and strong aromatic polyamide fiber
their construction. Other military uses include bulletproof face masks and spall liners used to protect the crews of armoured fighting vehicles. Nimitz-class
Kevlar
Dutch rock band
Dutch Top 40 with the single "And the Crowd Goes". Andrew Elt and Don van Spall played in the cover band The Heavy 70's, and in The Moon, a band with original
Sleeze_Beez
British film director (born 1972)
(2000). He followed this up with the serials Bodily Harm (2002) with Timothy Spall and the highly acclaimed Charles II: The Power and the Passion (2003) with
Joe_Wright
Matter ejection from a target due to projectile impact
Spallation is a process in which fragments of material (spall) are ejected from a body due to impact or stress. In the context of impact mechanics it
Spallation
German modular composite armor
standard ceramic materials. An improved liner material for the IBD C1 HT spall liner was also presented, offering a 20% gain in performance for a given
Advanced Modular Armor Protection
Advanced_Modular_Armor_Protection
2007 film by Tim Burton
film marks the first collaboration between Depp, Bonham Carter, Rickman, Spall, and Baron Cohen (the second being Alice Through the Looking Glass in 2016)
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)
Sweeney_Todd:_The_Demon_Barber_of_Fleet_Street_(2007_film)
BBC serial based on H.G. Wells's novel of the same name
and 1 December 2019. In Edwardian England, 1905, journalist George (Rafe Spall) has left his unhappy marriage behind to start a life with his partner Amy
The War of the Worlds (British TV series)
The_War_of_the_Worlds_(British_TV_series)
1970 studio album by Soft Machine
flute and clarinet on "Slightly All the Time", free-jazz violinist Rab Spall (then a bandmate of Wyatt's in the part-time ensemble Amazing Band) is heard
Third_(Soft_Machine_album)
involves heating-up the unit in a controllable way, in order to prevent spalling or shortening of the materials' predicted lifetime. The most well-known
Refractories_heat-up
Steel reinforcement
compression, but has low tensile strength. Rebar usually consists of steel bars which significantly increase the tensile strength of the structure. Rebar surfaces
Rebar
New Zealand actress (born 1999)
through her acting programme at Rata Studios. The film also starred Timothy Spall, Lucy Lawless, Melanie Lynskey, and Nicholas Galitzine. Also in 2017, James
Erana_James
Concrete with rebar
relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement
Reinforced_concrete
Film by Ridley Scott
Rafe Spall as Millburn: Millburn is a biologist. Spall auditioned for another role, but Scott wanted him to play Millburn. On his casting, Spall said
Prometheus_(2012_film)
Measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation
stiffer than diamond (e.g. osmium) but are not harder, and are prone to spalling and flaking in squamose or acicular habits. The key to understanding the
Hardness
Type of iron oxide
corrosion of concrete-covered steel and iron can cause the concrete to spall, creating severe structural problems. It is one of the most common failure
Rust
Expansive chemical reaction damaging concrete
can cause the expansion of the altered aggregate, leading to spalling and loss of strength of concrete. The alkali–aggregate reaction is a general, but
Alkali–aggregate_reaction
origin of the moon. His "Panspermia" idea involves the ejection by impact of spall products containing microorganisms and their transfer to other planets.
Meanings of minor-planet names: 8001–9000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_8001–9000
Permanent indentation of a hard surface
excess vibration, which in turn can accelerate other forms of wear, such as spalling and ultimately, failure of the bearing. Brinelling is a material surface
Brinelling
Repair of exterior mortar
masonry units will, thus suffering further damage such as cracking or spalling. In spallation, the face or outer section of a masonry unit breaks away
Repointing
Building material
than soft brick, so damp issues are liable to cause salt formation and spalling on brick surfaces and consequent disintegration of bricks. This damp evaporation
Lime_mortar
1844 novel by Alexandre Dumas
included Jamie Glover as d'Artgagnan, Robert Glenister as Athos, Timothy Spall as Porthos, Anton Lesser as Aramis, Imelda Staunton as Milady de Winter
The_Three_Musketeers
American actor and filmmaker (born 1937)
that he has "nothing but total admiration, gratitude, and respect for the strength of the women who made the decision they made in my individual case". Nicholson
Jack_Nicholson
Damage to concrete affecting its mechanical strength and its durability
the rebar. When the tensile strength of concrete is exceeded in the concrete cover above the rebar, concrete starts to spall. Cracks appear in the concrete
Concrete_degradation
British film director, screenwriter, and producer (born 1972)
1919 novel Night and Day was released, starring Haley Bennett, Timothy Spall, Jennifer Saunders and Jack Whitehall. Peter Bradshaw gave the film four
Tina_Gharavi
Security glazing standard
shatterproof and produce no spalls after each strike. Lastly, the classification levels are numbered in order of increasing protective strength. Thus any sample
EN_1063
Methods used to protect natural stone
effects are efflorescence and spalling. Salts that expand on crystallization in capillary gaps can cause surface spalling. For example, various magnesium
Stone_sealer
Fictional villainous characters in Harry Potter
for his moment of pity. In the films, Pettigrew is portrayed by Timothy Spall as an adult and by Charles Hughes as a teenager. He appears in a flashback
Death_Eater
2021 building collapse in Florida, US
several sizable cracks and cases of exposed reinforcing bar or rebar from spalling. In October 2020, initial repairs around the pool could not be completed
Surfside_condominium_collapse
German main battle tank
skirts also incorporate improved armour protection. A 25 mm (0.98 in) thick spall liner reduces the danger of crew injuries in case of armour penetration
Leopard_2
Alloy with higher durability than normal metals
melting point. Key characteristics of a superalloy include mechanical strength, thermal creep deformation resistance, surface stability, and corrosion
Superalloy
Deformation of a metal surface due to friction
advantageous, excessive burnishing leads to sub-surface cracks which cause spalling, a phenomenon where the upper layer of a surface flakes off of the bulk
Burnishing_(metal)
American actor (1932–1992)
overall. Simon later reflected on the work, noting that it lacked the strength of his other comedies and stating, "I knew it never had a chance to be
Anthony_Perkins
German tank destroyer
metres (660 to 870 yd). But the crew will abandon the tank because fragments spall off the armor on the inside." 4,7 cm PaK(t) auf Panzerkampfwagen 35R(f)
Panzerjäger_I
2004 film by Edgar Wright
Shaun's friend Peter Serafinowicz as Pete, Shaun and Ed’s housemate Rafe Spall as Noel Martin Freeman as Declan Matt Lucas as Cousin Tom Tamsin Greig as
Shaun_of_the_Dead
Skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
(2018). "Effects of curing temperature on concrete: shrinkage cracks and spalling concrete". Archived from the original on 19 February 2021. Retrieved 13
Burj_Khalifa
German WWII heavy tank
shells did not penetrate the armour, there was often a large amount of spalling from the inside of the plates, which damaged the transmission and rendered
Tiger_II
Book series by Lemony Snicket
as Uncle Monty, Emily Browning as Violet, Liam Aiken as Klaus, Timothy Spall as Mr. Poe, and Jude Law as the voice of Lemony Snicket. The film was financially
A Series of Unfortunate Events
A_Series_of_Unfortunate_Events
2001–2003 films by Peter Jackson
The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies), Robert Trebor, and Timothy Spall. In conversations with Miramax, Liam Neeson's name came up for Boromir,
The Lord of the Rings (film series)
The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)
English footballer and manager (1928–1990)
that is that me mate isn't here with me". Taylor was portrayed by Timothy Spall in The Damned United, a film released in 2009 based on Clough's ill-fated
Peter Taylor (footballer, born 1928)
Peter_Taylor_(footballer,_born_1928)
Thermoplastic polymer
Polypropylene fibres are used as a concrete additive to increase strength and reduce cracking and spalling. In some areas susceptible to earthquakes (e.g., California)
Polypropylene
Former political movement in Great Britain
Speeches of the Right Honourable John Bright, MP (1881) online Spall, Richard Francis Spall Jr. "Free Trade, Foreign Relations, and the Anti-Corn-Law League
Anti–Corn_Law_League
Great force or shock applied over a short time period during a high-speed collision
materials like steel tend to become more brittle at high loading rates, and spalling may occur on the reverse side to the impact if penetration doesn't occur
Impact_(mechanics)
Seismologist and physicist (1900–1985)
RICHTER, QUAKE EXPERT, DIES". The New York Times. Retrieved January 11, 2024. Spall, Henry (1980). "Charles F. Richter – An Interview". Archived from the original
Charles_Richter
Crawford Boon Security, which sees its trade and reputation go from strength to strength, despite its earlier setbacks. Meanwhile, Ken has moved out of his
List_of_Boon_episodes
Building complex in Busan, South Korea
prevent spalling, which is the explosion that can occur when the concrete is exposed to high temperatures, the buildings were built with high strength concrete
Haeundae Doosan We've the Zenith
Haeundae_Doosan_We've_the_Zenith
American actress (born 1960)
"'Winter Sleep' wins Palme d'Or at Cannes, Julianne Moore and Timothy Spall take acting prizes". Yahoo!. Retrieved December 14, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1
Julianne_Moore
Flat, horizontal concrete element of modern buildings
the plastic bar chairs from sinking into soft topsoil which can cause spalling due to incomplete coverage of the steel. Sometimes a mud slab may be a
Concrete_slab
Process of heat treating used to increase the toughness of iron-based alloys
Usually synonymous with hardness, this is resistance to erosion, ablation, spalling, or galling. Structural integrity – The ability to withstand a maximum-rated
Tempering_(metallurgy)
Strongest type of permanent magnet from an alloy of neodymium, iron and boron
including crumbling of a magnet into a powder of small magnetic particles, or spalling of a surface layer. This vulnerability is addressed in many commercial
Neodymium_magnet
American tracked amphibious landing vehicle
protection on the vehicle's belly and sponsons, blast-mitigating seats, and spall liners. Additional upgrades may have included protection for the fuel tanks
Assault_Amphibious_Vehicle
Material that breaks up into parts instead of deforming as one
way in order to prevent a horse from falling. Friability Sacrificial part Spall Wright, Aldridge. "A Lesson in Safety". Federal Highway Administration.
Frangibility
1849–1850 novel by Charles Dickens
Gary Cady as David Copperfield, Miriam Margolyes, John Moffatt, Timothy Spall and Sheila Hancock Performed unabridged on Audible by Richard Armitage 2018
David_Copperfield
Chemical reaction damaging concrete
expansive pressure inside the siliceous aggregate, causing spalling and loss of strength of the concrete, finally leading to its failure. ASR can lead
Alkali–silica_reaction
Proposed class of American super-battleships
deck would be replaced by a 1 in (25 mm) STS third deck to protect from spalling. Total armor thickness on the centerline would therefore have been 9.925
Montana-class_battleship
Armored personnel carrier
four batteries. Additional A3 improvements include the incorporation of spall liners and provision for mounting external armor. The U.S. Army's National
M113 armored personnel carrier
M113_armored_personnel_carrier
Film installed on glass surfaces
layer of film (of 100 μm thickness or greater) can prevent the ejection of spall when a projectile impacts on its surface, which otherwise creates small
Window_film
Type of scaffolding
for minor repair and maintenance work, such as fixing external pipes or spalling concrete, and generally does not exceed 6 meters in height. "Shop signs
Bamboo_scaffolding
Soviet medium tank, Second World War
and thus brittle, resulting in strikes by high explosive shells causing spalling. Despite these deficiencies, the T-34's armour proved problematic for the
T-34
South Korean actor (born 1967)
that have to convince the audience of the entire film. Song has that strength as an actor. — Bong Joon-ho on why he cast Song Kang-ho for Parasite, Interview
Song_Kang-ho
Armored personnel carrier
with a larger alternator increasing output from 100A to 200A, and internal spall liners for improved fragmentation protection for occupants. Weight increased
M577_command_post_carrier
Executioner In Luna Nera, Pietro's father is the Bishop's lead inquisitor Timothy Spall as Albert Pierrepoint in Pierrepoint Butcher in Thieves of the Wood Police
List_of_stock_characters
character's final depiction retained Fifield's human appearance. Millburn (Rafe Spall) is a biologist who is a part of the Prometheus expedition. After awakening
List of Alien (franchise) characters
List_of_Alien_(franchise)_characters
Form of body armor that protects the torso from some projectiles
hard armor ballistic plates: ceramic plate-based systems, steel plate with spall fragmentation protective coating (or backer), and hard fiber-based laminate
Bulletproof_vest
physics/Warm dense matter Inelastic deformations, fracture, and spall Materials Strength Particulate, porous, and composite materials Phase transitions
Topical Group on Compression of Condensed Matter
Topical_Group_on_Compression_of_Condensed_Matter
Concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural strength
but also prevents "spalling" and damage of lining in case of fire due to accident. Glass fibers can: Improve concrete strength at low cost. Adds tensile
Fiber-reinforced_concrete
1891 play by Henrik Ibsen
version by Patrick Marber featured Ruth Wilson in the title role and Rafe Spall as Brack. In 2017, a ballet interpretation of the play premiered at the
Hedda_Gabler
English philosopher and statesman (1561–1626)
Francis Bacon, The Advancement of Learning, Clarendon Press, 1876, p. ix. Spall, JEH (1971). "Francis Bacon's connections with Marks Manor House". Romford
Francis_Bacon
Association football club in London, England
patron of the Crystal Palace Children's Charity (CPSCC). Actors Timothy Spall and his son Rafe are avid supporters of the club. Radio DJ David Jensen
Crystal_Palace_F.C.
Bridge constructed using reinforced concrete
ultimate tensile strength of the concrete cover. Consequently, this leads to cracking along the bar longitudinal axis and eventual spalling. Both the material
Reinforced_concrete_bridge
American actor (1900–1967)
critical reception the film out-grossed Woman of the Year confirming the strength of their partnership. Tracy's next three appearances were all war-based
Spencer_Tracy
Model for coping with grief
(3): 197–224. doi:10.1080/074811899201046. hdl:1874/384090. PMID 10848151. Spall, Bob; Callis, Stephen (January 1997). Loss, Bereavement and Grief: A Guide
Dual_process_model_of_coping
American close air support attack aircraft
the tub directly exposed to the pilot is covered by a multi-layer nylon spall shield to protect against shell fragmentation. The front windscreen and
Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II
Fairchild_Republic_A-10_Thunderbolt_II
English writer (1866–1946)
adaptation of The War of the Worlds, the character of "George", played by Rafe Spall, demonstrates a number of elements of Wells's own life, including his estrangement
H._G._Wells
Composite material used in architecture
compression of the concrete thus delaying the formation of longitudinal cracks (spalling). The main construction advantages of CFST over open concrete include:
Concrete_filled_steel_tube
2010 film by Tom Hooper
Bonham Carter as Queen Elizabeth Guy Pearce as King Edward VIII Timothy Spall as Winston Churchill Derek Jacobi as Cosmo Gordon Lang Jennifer Ehle as
The_King's_Speech
Internet service showing British TV
to expand to 25 countries". Televisual. Retrieved 27 July 2020. "Timothy Spall OBE to star in Magpie Murders adaptation which begins production next week"
BritBox
Character in the 1847 novel Jane Eyre
1999 to 2000. Nathaniel Parker in the 1993 film Wide Sargasso Sea Rafe Spall in the 2006 television adaption Wide Sargasso Sea. Trystan Gravelle in the
Edward_Rochester
U.S. national memorial in Washington, D.C.
not visible from the inside. The external inspection found cracks and spalling near the top of the monument, and more loss of joint mortar further down
Washington_Monument
Type of nuclear reactor design
proton beam impacts a molten lead target inside the core, chipping or "spalling" neutrons from the lead nuclei. These spallation neutrons convert fertile
Accelerator-driven subcritical reactor
Accelerator-driven_subcritical_reactor
Family of Indian armoured personnel carriers
vehicle includes a welded armour steel hull with applique and inner composite spall liner. This design offers all round protection against 7.62 mm armour piercing
DRDO_WhAP
Association football club in Wrexham, Wales
Ways Marston's 1987–88 Hi-Tec Sports 1988–89 Admiral Sportswear 1989–91 Spall 1991–92 EN-S 1992–98 Wrexham Lager 1998–2002 Super League 2002–04 Vandanel
Wrexham_A.F.C.
Materials resistant to decomposition under high temperatures
have high resistance to thermal shock, flux and slag resistance, and high spalling resistance. Silica bricks are often used in the iron and steel industry
Refractory
Empiric predictor of proteolytic rate in biochemistry
Bibcode:1991Sci...254.1374T. doi:10.1126/science.1962196. PMID 1962196. Ninnis RL, Spall SK, Talbo GH, Truscott KN, Dougan DA (June 2009). "Modification of PATase
N-end_rule
Construction material
embedded in the concrete can create thermal stresses that cause cracking and spalling. To achieve better thermal performance, insulation was added in the void
Precast_concrete
Former dam in Los Angeles County, California, US
concluded: As soon as the dam was loosened on its base the toe of the structure spalled off. This was probably the beginning of its breaking up, and probably occurred
St._Francis_Dam
Volume change of a granular material under shearing
cracks in or near the back of the active wedge. Generally retrogressive spalling manifests, often accompanied by piping / internal erosion. The use of appropriate
Dilatancy_(granular_material)
Distress in asphalt pavement
nickname, crocodile cracking. More severe cases involve pumping of fines, spalling, and loose pieces of pavement. The most severe cases of fatigue cracking
Crocodile_cracking
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance