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In navigation, a state vector is a set of data describing exactly where an object is located in space, and how it is moving. A state vector typically will
State_vector_(navigation)
Cartesian vectors of position and velocity of an orbiting body in space
astrodynamics and celestial dynamics, the orbital state vectors (sometimes state vectors) of an orbit are Cartesian vectors of position ( r {\displaystyle \mathbf
Orbital_state_vectors
Branch of engineering
following that path. Navigation refers to the determination, at a given time, of the vehicle's location and velocity (the "state vector") as well as its attitude
Guidance, navigation, and control
Guidance,_navigation,_and_control
Horizontal angle from north or other reference cardinal direction
There are exceptions: some navigation systems use south as the reference vector. Any direction can be the reference vector, as long as it is clearly defined
Azimuth
Aircraft navigation method
Area navigation (RNAV, usually pronounced as /ˈɑːrnæv/) is a method of instrument flight rules (IFR) navigation that allows aircraft to fly along a desired
Area_navigation
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up vector or vectorial in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Vector most often refers to: Disease vector, an agent that carries and transmits an infectious
Vector
Concept in air navigation
used extensively in dead reckoning navigation. The wind triangle is a vector diagram, with three vectors. The air vector represents the motion of the aircraft
Wind_triangle
Means of calculating position
In navigation, dead reckoning is the process of calculating the current position of a moving object by using a previously determined position, or fix,
Dead_reckoning
Process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle
The field of navigation includes four general categories: land navigation, marine navigation, aeronautic navigation, and space navigation. It is also the
Navigation
Arc crossing all meridians of longitude at the same angle
In navigation, a rhumb line (also rhumb (/rʌm/) or loxodrome) is an arc crossing all meridians of longitude at the same angle. It is a path of constant
Rhumb_line
Part of the automobile controls
monochromatic vector mapping displays used by predecessors. 1990: Mazda Eunos Cosmo became the first production car with built-in GPS-navigation system 1991:
Automotive_navigation_system
Continuously computed dead reckoning
An inertial navigation system (INS; also inertial guidance system, inertial instrument) is a navigation device that uses motion sensors (accelerometers)
Inertial_navigation_system
Solution to the spacecraft attitude determination problem
guidance, navigation, and control of the U.S. Navy's Transit satellite system at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratories. TRIAD represented the state of practice
Triad_method
Digital Map
and ENCs are the primary means of electronic navigation on cargo ships. Charts can be used in navigation to provide an indication of location once a position
Electronic_navigational_chart
from MT Vector. Don Claudio serviced the Manila - Iloilo City route until the 1990s when it was put in service for Roxas City as Negros Navigation acquired
MV_Don_Claudio
Device used to guide vehicles
about the object's state of motion. A guidance system is usually part of a guidance, navigation and control system, whereas navigation refers to the systems
Guidance_system
Estimation of orbits of objects
trying to determine its own orbit can use a hyperbolic navigation system for the state vectors (location and velocity) as well as time. The French DORIS
Orbit_determination
Comprehensive digital map of Earth
database is the United States Defense Mapping Agency's (DMA) operational navigation chart (ONC) 1:1,000,000 scale paper map series produced by the US, Australia
Digital_Chart_of_the_World
Vector-based collection of geographic information system (GIS) data about Earth
The Vector Map (VMAP), also called Vector Smart Map, is a vector-based collection of geographic information system (GIS) data about Earth at various levels
Vector_Map
Departure route from an airport
pilot-nav SIDs, radar vector SIDs, and hybrid SIDs. A pilot-nav SID is a SID where the pilot is primarily responsible for navigation along the SID route
Standard_instrument_departure
Algorithm that estimates unknowns from a series of measurements over time
cases where the dimension of the observation vector y is bigger than the dimension of the state space vector x, the information filter can avoid the inversion
Kalman_filter
Defunct American mapping company
Etak, Inc. was an independent US-based vendor of automotive navigation system equipment, digital maps, and mapping software. It was founded in 1983. Competitor
Etak
Propagation of error with varying topology
users of the Loran-C navigation system. The idea of geometric DOP is to state how errors in the measurement will affect the final state estimation. This can
Dilution_of_precision
Method of adding links to parts of an image
shapes in a vector graphics editor. Image maps which do not make their clickable areas obvious risk subjecting the user to mystery meat navigation. Even when
Image_map
Conserved physical quantity; rotational analogue of linear momentum
the cross product of the particle's position vector r (relative to some origin) and its momentum vector; the latter is p = mv in Newtonian mechanics.
Angular_momentum
Netherlands-based mapping data company
It then sells or licenses that mapping content, along with map related navigation and location services to other businesses such as Alpine Electronics,
Here_Technologies
Path selection method for aircraft
Required navigation performance (RNP) is a type of performance-based navigation (PBN) that allows an aircraft to fly a specific path between two 3D-defined
Required navigation performance
Required_navigation_performance
Property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation
the same state of polarization. The physical electric field, as the real part of the Jones vector, would be altered but the polarization state itself is
Polarization_(waves)
Rate of change of velocity
Like velocity, acceleration has a magnitude and a direction, making it a vector quantity. The SI unit for acceleration is metre per second squared (m⋅s−2
Acceleration
Technical specification for web accessibility
with WAI-ARIA it is possible to identify a list of links as a navigation menu and to state whether it is expanded or collapsed. Although originally developed
WAI-ARIA
evaluations; ground navigation processing and best state vector source determination; and the Mission Control Center contingency state vector update command
List of NASA's flight control positions
List_of_NASA's_flight_control_positions
Fundamental space of geometry
of navigation. More generally, the spaces of non-Euclidean geometries can be realized as Riemannian manifolds. An inner product of a real vector space
Euclidean_space
Military aircraft equipment
The LN-3 inertial navigation system is an inertial navigation system (INS) that was developed in the 1960s by Litton Industries. It equipped the Lockheed
LN-3 inertial navigation system
LN-3_inertial_navigation_system
Geometry of figures on the surface of a sphere
trigonometry is of great importance for calculations in astronomy, geodesy, and navigation. The origins of spherical trigonometry in Greek mathematics and the major
Spherical_trigonometry
Filter for nonlinear state estimation
considered the de facto standard in the theory of nonlinear state estimation, navigation systems and GPS. The papers establishing the mathematical foundations
Extended_Kalman_filter
inertial navigation, which fits the framework after embedding of the state (consisting of attitude matrix R {\displaystyle R} , velocity vector v {\displaystyle
Invariant extended Kalman filter
Invariant_extended_Kalman_filter
Algorithm for computing trigonometric, hyperbolic, logarithmic and exponential functions
the final vector. In vectoring mode, a vector is taken as input, and the rotation directions are chosen so that the y coordinate of the vector approaches
CORDIC
Location and orientation references
except when speaking about electronic stability control or satellite navigation. In this case, the convention is normally the one of the adjacent drawing
Axes_conventions
Russian global navigation satellite system
The Global Navigation Satellite System (Russian: Глобальная навигационная спутниковая система, romanized: Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema)
GLONASS
Series of language models developed by Google AI
sequence of vectors using self-supervised learning. It uses the encoder-only transformer architecture. BERT dramatically improved the state of the art
BERT_(language_model)
Using distance measures along a shape's edges to determine position in space
occurs in surveying. Applications involving vehicle location are termed navigation when on-board persons/equipment are informed of its location, and are
True-range_multilateration
Twenty-first letter in the Greek alphabet
)[citation needed] A common symbol for the parametrization of a surface in vector calculus. In Lacanian algebra, Φ stands for the imaginary phallus and also
Phi
Random process independent of past history
states A ⊆ S, the vector kA of hitting times (where element k i A {\displaystyle k_{i}^{A}} represents the expected value, starting in state i that the chain
Markov_chain
Estimation method
filtering and control methods represent estimates of the state of a system in the form of a mean vector and an associated error covariance matrix. As an example
Unscented_transform
Software image recognition tool
local features into a single vector representation. Handcrafted feature aggregators such as VLAD were previously considered state-of-the-art, but have since
Visual_place_recognition
Ballistics measure of a weapon system's precision
plays a role when measuring the accuracy of a position obtained by a navigation system, such as GPS or older systems such as LORAN and Loran-C. The original
Circular_error_probable
Coordinates comprising a distance and an angle
{\pi }}.} Vector calculus can also be applied to polar coordinates. For a planar motion, let r {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} } be the position vector (r cos(φ)
Polar_coordinate_system
American avionics manufacturer
MARDAN". Accelerating Vector. Archived from the original on 2023-03-07. Retrieved 2018-09-22. "MARDAN Computer | Time and Navigation". timeandnavigation
Autonetics
included an updated logo, new navigation tools, and a link wizard. Vector 2022, an update to Wikipedia's previous skin Vector 2010, was announced in September
History_of_Wikipedia
"empower the president to ban mail ballots and voting machines as the vectors of foreign interference." (...) Michael Waldman (March 3, 2026). "What
False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (second term)
False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_(second_term)
Transparent display presenting data within normal sight lines of the user
the nose of the aircraft is actually pointing. flight path vector (FPV) or velocity vector symbol — shows where the aircraft is actually going, as opposed
Head-up_display
Geolocation system
points to discover where a device is located. It is used where satellite navigation such as GPS is inadequate due to various causes including multipath and
Wi-Fi_positioning_system
2025 Ukrainian military operation in Russia
dead reckoning without the need for satellite navigation, making them impervious to jamming of such navigation signals. The analyst suggested that the drones
Operation_Spiderweb
1997 aviation accident
to request radar vectoring. Meanwhile, his co-pilot and the instructor pilot were busy concentrating on the ADF, a basic navigation instrument which would
Aerosvit_Flight_241
American medium-lift military helicopter
upgraded communications and navigation suite that includes an integrated inertial navigation/global positioning/Doppler navigation systems, satellite communications
Sikorsky_HH-60_Pave_Hawk
Sensors providing attitude information on aircraft
drift from the gyroscopes integration is compensated for by reference vectors, namely gravity, and the Earth's magnetic field. This results in a drift-free
Attitude and heading reference system
Attitude_and_heading_reference_system
Aircraft surveillance technology
are some concerns about ADS-B dependence on satellite navigation systems to generate state vector information. There are some general aviation concerns
Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast
Automatic_Dependent_Surveillance–Broadcast
Device that measures magnetism
There are two basic types of magnetometer measurement. Vector magnetometers measure the vector components of a magnetic field. Total field magnetometers
Magnetometer
Map application operated by Apple
times of arrival for driving, walking, cycling, and public transportation navigation. A "Flyover" mode shows certain urban centers and other places of interest
Apple_Maps
Application programming interface for 2D vector graphics
OpenVG is an API designed for hardware-accelerated 2D vector graphics. Its primary platforms are mobile phones, gaming & media consoles and consumer electronic
OpenVG
Surface-to-air missile
The IRIS-T SL (Infra Red Imaging System Tail/Thrust Vector Controlled Surface Launched) is a family of short and high to medium air defense surface-to-air
IRIS-T_SL
Iranian-made drone
is believed to have a "state-of-art antenna interference suppression" system that suppresses jamming of the satellite navigation position signal, designed
HESA_Shahed_136
operation units and state-owned PT Angkasa Pura I & II. Based on the 2009 Aviation Law, the government had to transfer air navigation service management
List_of_airports_in_Indonesia
System to specify locations on Earth
geodetic coordinate system, the second point is found where the normal vector from the surface of the ellipsoid at the surface point intersects the equatorial
Geographic_coordinate_system
Collaborative map database
O'Brien, James. "Mapbox services and vector tiles". GEOG 865: Cloud and Server GIS. University Park, Pennsylvania: Penn State College of Earth and Mineral Sciences
OpenStreetMap
Physics problem related to laws of motion and gravity
problem can be given in terms of the Newtonian equations of motion for vector positions r i = ( x i , y i , z i ) {\displaystyle \ \mathbf {r} _{i}=(x_{i}
Three-body_problem
Inexpensive gyroscope based on vibration
Solid-State Gyroscopes". XIVth International Conference on Integrated Navigation Systems. (May 28–30, 2007. St. Petersburg, Russia). The State Research
Vibrating_structure_gyroscope
Pigeons bred to find their way home
Press. Wallraff, H.G. (2004). "Avian olfactory navigation: its empirical foundation and conceptual state". Animal Behaviour. 67 (2): 189–204. doi:10.1016/j
Homing_pigeon
Algerian variant of Indo-Russian Sukhoi Su-30MKI fighter aircraft
the baseline Su-27S. It features state-of-the-art avionics developed by Russia, India, and France for display, navigation, targeting, and electronic warfare
Sukhoi_Su-30MKA
integrity, attitude control using the Draco thrusters, telemetry, guidance, navigation, control systems, and the PICA-X heat shield, and intended to test the
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (2010–2019)
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches_(2010–2019)
Swedish executive car (1997–2012)
2012 model year included the Vector SE and Aero. The previous base models, Linear and Vector were replaced by the Vector SE model. In Australia the base
Saab_9-5
Mathematical model for sequential decision making under uncertainty
state vector, a ( t ) {\displaystyle a(t)} is the system control vector we try to find. f ( ⋅ ) {\displaystyle f(\cdot )} shows how the state vector changes
Markov_decision_process
Family of RISC-based computer architectures
ThumbEE state. On 23 November 2011, Arm deprecated any use of the ThumbEE instruction set, and Armv8 removes support for ThumbEE. VFP (Vector Floating
ARM_architecture_family
Guidance and navigation computer used in Apollo spacecraft
instructions simplified the navigational programs. Interpreted code, which featured double precision trigonometric, scalar and vector arithmetic (16 and 24-bit)
Apollo_Guidance_Computer
Free and open-source statistical program
features (full and partial app zooming, key-board shortcut support / ALT-Navigation, VPAT) integrated help files and annotated data library examples for many
JASP
Chinese multi-role fighter aircraft family
engine nozzle was modified for stealth and thrust vectoring (TVC). In March 2020, a video from Chinese state media showed a J-10C in PLAAF livery equipped
Chengdu_J-10
Computational problem
Motion planning, also path planning (also known as the navigation problem or the piano mover's problem) is a computational problem to find a sequence of
Motion_planning
Launch vehicles developed by Astra
that resulted in the upper stage engine being unable to use its thrust vector system to correct the tumbling after stage ignition. On 12 June 2022, Astra
Astra_Rocket
US/UK SLBM
solid propellant motor, parts to ensure first-stage ignition, and a thrust vector control (TVC) system. The first-stage section, compared to the Trident C-4
UGM-133_Trident_II
French supersonic fighter/interceptor aircraft
Milavia.net The Dassault Mirage III/5/50 Series from Greg Goebel's AIR VECTORS Mirage III/5/50 at FAS.org Mirage Argentina, el sitio de los Deltas argentinos
Dassault_Mirage_III
Soviet fighter-interceptor aircraft introduced in 1970
the R-60 and R-23. Despite these limitations, SAAF pilots were able to vector within the firing envelope and fire air-to-air missiles at MiG-23s (gun
Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-23
.pgml – Precision Graphics Markup Language .svg – Scalable Vector Graphics .vml – Vector Markup Language, deprecated by SVG .xar – Xar (graphics) .3mf
List of free and open-source software packages
List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages
divert to the nearest airport but due to poor weather conditions, ATC vectored the crew to RCAF Goose Bay Station, Labrador, Canada, about 860 miles (1
List of accidents and incidents involving the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress
List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_the_Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress
Use of technology to provide public services in Europe
of and access to electronic public services has been a constant policy vector. The adoption of the Law on Citizens' Electronic Access to Public Services
E-government_in_Europe
Method for estimating the unknown parameters in a linear regression model
]}=0.} These moment conditions state that the regressors should be uncorrelated with the errors. Since xi is a p-vector, the number of moment conditions
Ordinary_least_squares
Metadata standard in digital images
inertial navigation system. Such data could help to establish the relationship between the image sensor's XYZ coordinate system and the gravity vector (i.e
Exif
Mathematical model of plan execution
{\displaystyle f_{i}:\mathbb {R} ^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb {R} ^{n}} is a vector field representing the right hand side of an ordinary difference equation
Behavior tree (artificial intelligence, robotics and control)
Behavior_tree_(artificial_intelligence,_robotics_and_control)
direction of a Euclidean vector is represented by an angle θ , {\displaystyle \theta ,} this is the angle determined by the free vector (starting at the origin)
List of trigonometric identities
List_of_trigonometric_identities
3-D coordinate system centered on the Earth
International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRS) Orbital state vectors Planetary coordinate system Leick, Alfred (2004). GPS Satellite Surveying
Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system
Earth-centered,_Earth-fixed_coordinate_system
Movement of an object through air
Rotary wing aircraft and thrust vectoring V/STOL aircraft use engine thrust to support the weight of the aircraft, and vector sum of this thrust fore and
Flight
Computer hacking technique
typed and unexpectedly executed. SQL injection is mostly known as an attack vector for websites but can be used to attack any type of SQL database. SQL injection
SQL_injection
M.; Erickson, Andrew S.; Yuan, Jingdong (30 September 2014). "A Potent Vector: Assessing Chinese Cruise Missile Developments". Joint Forces Quarterly
Nuclear_weapons_of_China
Soviet variable-sweep wing fighter-bomber
with upgraded avionics, including RSDN navigation (similar to LORAN), beacon navigation, inertial navigation, radio compass, and SPO-15LE radar warning
Sukhoi_Su-17
NAV Navigation receiver Normally VHF navigation receiver for VOR Navaid Navigational aid Or: aid to navigation (ATON) NAVCOMM Combination navigation and
List of aviation, avionics, aerospace and aeronautical abbreviations
List_of_aviation,_avionics,_aerospace_and_aeronautical_abbreviations
E-book format
as tablets. Like an HTML web site, the format supports inline raster and vector images, metadata, and CSS styling. Page bookmarking Passage highlighting
EPUB
Apollo spacecraft guidance system
The Apollo primary guidance, navigation, and control system (PGNCS, pronounced pings) was a self-contained inertial guidance system that allowed Apollo
Apollo_PGNCS
German luxury sedan
screens, one for the hard disk based COMAND system which includes the navigation screen and one replacing the analog speedometer by a graphical representation
Mercedes-Benz_S-Class_(W221)
31 March 2006. Retrieved 25 September 2013. "G.R. No. 110398 - Negros Navigation vs The Court of Appeals, Ramon Miranda, SPS. Ricardo, and Virginia dela
List of maritime disasters in the 20th century
List_of_maritime_disasters_in_the_20th_century
Croatian automotive manufacturer
of 415 km/h (258 mph). The car incorporates a fully independent torque vectoring system (R-AWTV) to improve handling and also includes many high-tech features
Rimac_Automobili
Mountain pass and archaeological site in Colorado, USA
Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1467127714. "SkyVector: Flight Planning / Aeronautical Charts". skyvector.com. "Commissioner's
Rollins_Pass
STATE VECTOR-NAVIGATION
STATE VECTOR-NAVIGATION
Male
Portuguese
Portuguese form of Latin Hector, HEITOR means "defend; hold fast."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a slater, from Middle English slate ‘slate’.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latin, Portuguese, Shakespearean, Spanish
Steadfast; Anchor; Holds Fast; Star; Coined from Esther Vanhomrigh; Tenacious; Defend; Hold Fast; Coined from Esther Vanho
Male
English
Short form of English Sylvester, VESTER means "from the forest."
Boy/Male
American, British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hindu, Indian, Irish, Jamaican, Latin, Romanian, Slovenia, Spanish, Swedish, Swiss, Tamil, Ukrainian
Victorious; Conqueror; Winner; Champion; One who Conquers; Victory
Male
English
English surname transferred to unisex forename use, TATE means "cheerful."
Male
Portuguese
Galician-Portuguese form of Roman Latin Victor, VITOR means "conqueror."
Boy/Male
Australian, Basque, Czech, Czechoslovakian, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Polish, Slovenia, Swedish, Swiss, Ukrainian
The Conqueror; Victory; Victorious; Conquer
Male
Greek
(á¼ÎºÏ„ωÏ) Variant spelling of Greek Hektor, EKTOR means "defend; hold fast."
Male
Russian
(Cyrillic Виктор): Slavic form of Roman Latin Victor, VIKTOR means "conqueror." In use by the Bulgarians, Russians and Serbians. Compare with another form of Viktor.
Boy/Male
Spanish
Victor.
Boy/Male
English American
Doctor; teacher.
Male
Scandinavian
 Scandinavian form of Roman Latin Victor, VIKTOR means "conqueror." Compare with another form of Viktor.
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Conqueror
Boy/Male
Latin American Spanish
Conqueror.
Male
English
Roman Latin name VICTOR means "conqueror."Â
Boy/Male
Spanish American Shakespearean Greek Latin
Tenacious.
Male
Arthurian
, sir Hector de Maris; (defender).
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : Anglicized form of the Gaelic personal name Eachann (earlier Eachdonn, already confused with Norse Haakon), composed of the elements each ‘horse’ + donn ‘brown’.English : found in Yorkshire and Scotland, where it may derive directly from the medieval personal name. According to medieval legend, Britain derived its name from being founded by Brutus, a Trojan exile, and Hector was occasionally chosen as a personal name, as it was the name of the Trojan king’s eldest son. The classical Greek name, HektÅr, is probably an agent derivative of Greek ekhein ‘to hold back’, ‘hold in check’, hence ‘protector of the city’.German, French, and Dutch : from the personal name (see 2 above). In medieval Germany, this was a fairly popular personal name among the nobility, derived from classical literature. It is a comparatively rare surname in France.
Male
English
 Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Eachann, HECTOR means "brown horse." Compare with another form of Hector.
STATE VECTOR-NAVIGATION
STATE VECTOR-NAVIGATION
Boy/Male
English Latin
Brotherly.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Sweet Voice as Bird
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Desire
Male
Arthurian
, sir Hector de Maris; (defender).
Boy/Male
Arabic
Light of Islam
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
The One who has Won Kalpana or Imagination
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Gift
Girl/Female
Indian
Wise, Clever
Girl/Female
English
Tempest.
Boy/Male
British, English, French
Purveyor
STATE VECTOR-NAVIGATION
STATE VECTOR-NAVIGATION
STATE VECTOR-NAVIGATION
STATE VECTOR-NAVIGATION
STATE VECTOR-NAVIGATION
n.
Estate, possession.
n.
A woman who wins a victory; a female victor.
n.
A term made up of the two parts / + /1 /-1, where / and /1 are vectors.
v. t.
To tamper with and arrange for one's own purposes; to falsify; to adulterate; as, to doctor election returns; to doctor whisky.
a.
Fascinated by the stage; seized by a passionate desire to become an actor.
n.
Estate; state.
n.
Same as Radius vector.
n.
A pregnant woman; a mother; as, A has a son B by one venter, and a daughter C by another venter; children by different venters.
n.
A belly, or protuberant part; a broad surface; as, the venter of a muscle; the venter, or anterior surface, of the scapula.
imp. & p. p.
of State
a.
Belonging to the state, or body politic; public.
n.
The chief elective officer of some universities, as in France and Scotland; sometimes, the head of a college; as, the Rector of Exeter College, or of Lincoln College, at Oxford.
n.
Rank; condition; quality; as, the state of honor.
a.
Pertaining to a rector or a rectory; rectoral.
n.
A directed quantity, as a straight line, a force, or a velocity. Vectors are said to be equal when their directions are the same their magnitudes equal. Cf. Scalar.
n.
The ratio of one vector to another in length, no regard being had to the direction of the two vectors; -- so called because considered as a stretching factor in changing one vector into another. See Versor.
n.
Any body of men united by profession, or constituting a community of a particular character; as, the civil and ecclesiastical states, or the lords spiritual and temporal and the commons, in Great Britain. Cf. Estate, n., 6.
n.
The turning factor of a quaternion.
n.
An African weaver bird (Textor alector).
v. t.
To confer a doctorate upon; to make a doctor.