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Plasma device using external magnets to confine plasma
A stellarator is a fusion power device that confines plasma using external magnets. It is one of many types of magnetic confinement fusion devices, and
Stellarator
Modern stellarator for plasma fusion experiments
The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) reactor is an experimental stellarator built in Greifswald, Germany, by the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP),
Wendelstein_7-X
Fusion energy company from Munich, Germany
first generation of fusion power plants using a quasi-isodynamic stellarator (QI stellarator). Proxima was founded in April 2023 by Francesco Sciortino, Lucio
Proxima_Fusion
Approach to controlled thermonuclear fusion using magnetic fields
the plasma particles by applying strong magnetic fields. Tokamaks and stellarators are the two leading MCF device candidates as of today. Investigation
Magnetic_confinement_fusion
Laboratory in Princeton, New Jersey, United States
of fusion as an energy source. It is known for the development of the stellarator and tokamak designs, along with numerous fundamental advances in plasma
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
Princeton_Plasma_Physics_Laboratory
Class of magnetic confinement fusion reactor
A quasi-isodynamic (QI) stellarator is a type of stellarator (a magnetic confinement fusion reactor) that satisfies the property of omnigeneity, avoids
Quasi-isodynamic_stellarator
American nuclear fusion and energy company
Thea Energy, formerly Princeton Stellarators, Inc (PSI), is an American fusion power company based in New Jersey. The company was founded in 2022 after
Thea_Energy
The Stellarator of Costa Rica 1 (or SCR-1) is a small modular stellarator for the magnetic confinement of plasma located at Cartago, Costa Rica. It is
SCR-1
Magnetic confinement device used to produce thermonuclear fusion power
field lines that wind around the torus in a helix shape. The z-pinch and stellarator concepts of magnetic confinement had attempted this, but demonstrated
Tokamak
Alabama stellarator
fields to confine high-temperature plasmas. CTH is a torsatron type of stellarator with an external, continuously wound helical coil that generates the
Compact_Toroidal_Hybrid
American nuclear fusion reactor
The Model C stellarator was the first large-scale stellarator to be built, during the early stages of fusion power research. Planned since 1952, construction
Model_C_stellarator
Electricity generation by nuclear fusion
shape. Stellarator: Twisted rings of hot plasma. The stellarator attempts to create a natural twisted plasma path, using external magnets. Stellarators were
Fusion_power
Magnetic fusion energy experiment
The National Compact Stellarator Experiment, NCSX in short, was a magnetic fusion energy experiment based on the stellarator design being constructed
National Compact Stellarator Experiment
National_Compact_Stellarator_Experiment
Stellarator for plasma fusion experiments (1988-2002)
Wendelstein 7-AS (abbreviated W7-AS, for "Advanced Stellarator") was an experimental stellarator which was in operation from 1988 to 2002 by the Max Planck
Wendelstein_7-AS
Magnetic confinement fusion device component
proposed by Lyman Spitzer in 1951 aiming to reduce the impurity levels in stellarators due to sputtering from main chamber walls. It is now recognized as an
Divertor
Retrieved 5 August 2023. Staff (2023–2025). "Proxima Fusion: Building stellarators to power the future". Proxima Fusion. Munich, Germany. Retrieved 23 December
List of nuclear fusion companies
List_of_nuclear_fusion_companies
List of efforts toward artificial nuclear fusion
tokamak and the reversed field pinch (RFP), or asymmetric, like the stellarator. The additional degree of freedom gained by giving up toroidal symmetry
List_of_fusion_experiments
Topics referred to by the same term
Falcon 7X, an aircraft Saab 9-7X, an SUV Wendelstein 7-X, an experimental stellarator Zeekr 7X, an electric SUV Merchandise 7X; see Coca-Cola formula Avenged
7X
confining a hot plasma, and, unaware of the Z-pinch efforts, he created the stellarator. Spitzer applied to the US Atomic Energy Commission for funding to build
History_of_nuclear_fusion
Private university in New York City, New York, US
developed at Columbia University Columbia Non-neutral Torus, a small stellarator at the Columbia University Plasma Physics Laboratory Columbia-Princeton
Columbia_University
American astronomer (1914–1997)
the idea of telescopes operating in outer space. Spitzer invented the stellarator plasma device and is the namesake of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope.
Lyman_Spitzer
Fusion power reactor design
different from the stellarator to be interesting. This solution had not been considered very deeply given the simplicity of the stellarator concept compared
Theta_pinch
European Union research consortium
CCFE, United Kingdom Wendelstein 7-X stellarator Stellarator IPP at the Greifswald branch TJ-II stellarator Stellarator Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT
EUROfusion
is a type of continuous symmetry in the magnetic field strength of a stellarator. Quasisymmetry is desired, as Noether's theorem implies that there exists
Quasisymmetry
Plasma confinement device
to be incorporated into a fusion reactor. The HSX is a modular coil stellarator which is a toroid-shaped pressure vessel with external electromagnets
Helically Symmetric Experiment
Helically_Symmetric_Experiment
Costa Rican plasma and nuclear fusion physicist
implementation of the first high temperature plasma magnetic confinement Stellarator type device to be built in Latin America. This fact made Costa Rica one
Iván_Vargas_Blanco
Toroidal magnetic fusion device
campaigns by December of that year. HIDRA is the former WEGA classical stellarator that was operated at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics in Greifswald
Hybrid Illinois Device for Research and Applications
Hybrid_Illinois_Device_for_Research_and_Applications
American nuclear fusion and energy company
mirror Bumpy torus Pinch Dense plasma focus Reversed field Theta Zeta Stellarator Tokamak Spherical Spheromak Dynomak Toroidal solenoid Magneto-inertial
Commonwealth_Fusion_Systems
Fusion research device
for Fusion Science, and is the world's second-largest superconducting stellarator, after Wendelstein 7-X. The LHD employs a heliotron magnetic field originally
Large_Helical_Device
Research Facility) was a research institute of the H-1 heliac, a large stellarator device located in the ANU Research School of Physics at Canberra, Australia
H-1NF
Topics referred to by the same term
formerly Zyklon B Uragan-1 (stellarator), Uragan-2, Uragan-2M, Uragan-3, Uragan-3M [uk], a series of Ukrainian stellarator fusion experiments Uragan-1
Uragan
Plasma compressor and nuclear fusion system
one of the first approaches to fusion power devices, along with the stellarator and magnetic mirror. The Z-pinch is an application of the Lorentz force
Z-pinch
family of optimized stellarator equilibria taking into account multiple factors of plasma confinement, stability, and stellarator components and subsystems
Milestone-Based Fusion Development Program
Milestone-Based_Fusion_Development_Program
Japanese manga series
since adopted his former master's name. He is powered by a miniature stellarator fusion power device embedded in his chest. Principal Fair Lady Agera's
The_Marshal_King
Topics referred to by the same term
trams built by the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board. W7-X, a stellarator type fusion reactor 7W (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists
W7
Possible future technology
Gas-cooled fast reactor Gas core reactor High-temperature superconducting stellarator Inertial fusion power plant Magnetic fusion power plant Microfission
List of hypothetical technologies
List_of_hypothetical_technologies
Swedish plasma physicist (born 1967)
physicist and a leading scientist in the world in stellarator physics. He is the head of Stellarator Theory Division at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma
Per_Helander
German research institute
experimental tokamak ASDEX Upgrade (in operation since 1991), the experimental stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (in operation since 2016), a tandem accelerator and a
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics
Max_Planck_Institute_for_Plasma_Physics
Public university in Madison, Wisconsin, US
hosts the Helically Symmetric Experiment (HSX), which is a modular coil stellarator. In June 2013, it was reported that the United States National Institutes
University of Wisconsin–Madison
University_of_Wisconsin–Madison
Early US program in nuclear fusion
ad hoc efforts dating back to about 1951. Primary among these was the stellarator program at Princeton University, itself code-named Project Matterhorn
Project_Sherwood
Uragan-2M (U-2M, Ukrainian: Ураган-2М) is a stellarator (magnetic plasma confinement, controlled thermonuclear fusion experiment) installed at the Institute
Uragan-2M
Ongoing chronological account of events using or studying nuclear fusion
the Argentinian claims, but while thinking about it comes up with the stellarator concept. Funding is arranged under Project Matterhorn and develops into
Timeline_of_nuclear_fusion
Type of plasma diffusion
collisional transport in toroidal plasmas, usually found in tokamaks or stellarators. It is a modification of classical diffusion adding in effects of non-uniform
Neoclassical_transport
Experimental fusion reactor in the United Kingdom
with the British efforts. In early 1951, Lyman Spitzer introduced his stellarator concept and was shopping the idea around the nuclear establishment looking
ZETA_(fusion_reactor)
American theoretical physicist (1911–2008)
known as Project Matterhorn, which had two parts. Matterhorn S (for stellarator, another name coined by Wheeler), under Lyman Spitzer, investigated nuclear
John_Archibald_Wheeler
Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 1 m to 1 mm
plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Microwaves are used in stellarators and tokamak experimental fusion reactors to help break down the gas into
Microwave
Reaction that combines atomic nuclei
configurations exist, including the toroidal geometries of tokamaks and stellarators and open-ended mirror confinement systems. A third confinement principle
Nuclear_fusion
Topics referred to by the same term
(horse), a horse participating in 2012 Olympics equestrian events WEGA (stellarator), an early version of the Hybrid Illinois Device for Research and Applications
Wega
German tokamak
At present, it is Germany's second largest fusion experiment after stellarator Wendelstein 7-X. To make experiments under reactor-like conditions possible
ASDEX_Upgrade
new mirror designs, as well as modifications to other designs like the stellarator to add negative curvature. These had cusp-shaped fields so that the plasma
Interchange_instability
Device for measuring incident electromagnetic radiation
in monitoring radiation in fusion plasmas. The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator employs a two-camera bolometer system to capture plasma radiation. This
Bolometer
Concept in stellarator physics
omnigenous by virtue of their axisymmetry, and conversely an unoptimized stellarator is generally not omnigenous. Because an exactly omnigenous reactor has
Omnigeneity
Soviet physicist (1912–1962)
in 1958. Despite this success, Kurchatov asked Yavlinsky to develop a stellarator instead of finishing the T-3. Besides, as of 1961, the succeeding installation
Natan_Yavlinsky
Arrangement of plasma formed into a toroidal shape
temperatures but only for microseconds, while steady state concepts such as the stellarator and magnetic mirror attempted to reach the Lawson criterion through longer
Spheromak
1946 proposed fusion power device
Hendry & Lawson 1993, p. 4. Stix, Thomas (1998). "Highlights in Early Stellarator Research at Princeton" (PDF). Journal of Plasma Fusion Research Series
Toroidal_solenoid
International nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject
China's ongoing effort at Hefei Institutes Wendelstein 7-X, an advanced stellarator of Max Planck IPP in Germany for evaluating components of future fusion
ITER
Low energy photon scattering off charged particles
laser beam. An upgraded Thomson scattering system in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator uses Nd:YAG lasers to emit multiple pulses in quick succession. The intervals
Thomson_scattering
Method used to heat plasma inside a fusion device
— — Tokamak 2020 ITER* — 33 20 20 — Tokamak 2026 LHD 9 (H+) 20 (D+) 15 (H−) 6 (D−) ? ? ? Stellarator 1998 Wendelstein 7-X 8 — 10 ? — Stellarator 2015
Neutral-beam_injection
Topics referred to by the same term
the Australian Plasma Fusion Research Facility, formerly H-1 Heliac stellarator Unitree H1, a humanoid robot developed by Unitree Robotics H1 Lamp, an
H1
a surface must be either a torus, or a knot. In the tokamak and the stellarator flux surfaces have toroidal shapes, whereas the more exotic knotatron
Flux_surface
American mathematician (1927–2010)
potential theory and conformal mappings to the design and optimization of stellarators. Garabedian was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences
Paul_Garabedian
Early 2010s fusion energy effort
mirror Bumpy torus Pinch Dense plasma focus Reversed field Theta Zeta Stellarator Tokamak Spherical Spheromak Dynomak Toroidal solenoid Magneto-inertial
Laser_Inertial_Fusion_Energy
Coal-fired power plant in Anderson County, Tennessee
shut down. The former plant has been discussed as the location of a stellarator prototype developed by fusion energy startup Type One Energy in collaboration
Bull_Run_Fossil_Plant
British physicist (1910–1980)
UK. This was only months after Lyman Spitzer had started work on his stellarator design. Both were invited to Washington to present their ideas, where
James_L._Tuck
with the vacuum vessel wall. It is a four period low magnetic shear stellarator with major radius R = 1.5 m, average minor radius a < 0.22 m, and magnetic
TJ-II
Model of electrically conducting fluids
phenomena occurring in fusion plasmas in devices such as tokamaks and stellarators. The Grad-Shafranov equation, derived from ideal MHD, describes the equilibrium
Magnetohydrodynamics
stellarator in such a way that the stability of plasma confinement became comparable to those of the tokamak. In contrast to tokamaks, stellarators work
Jürgen_Nührenberg
Type of nuclear fusion reactor
one of the earliest major approaches to fusion power, along with the stellarator and Z-pinch machines. In a classic magnetic mirror, a configuration of
Magnetic_mirror
concepts were presented that had been previously unknown, notably the stellarator and magnetic mirror. But all of these showed problems of one sort or
Intermediate-Current Stability Experiment
Intermediate-Current_Stability_Experiment
observatory Wendelstein 7-X Greifswald, Germany 2005 Completed 2015 €1.06 billion An experimental stellarator (nuclear fusion reactor) [citation needed]
List_of_megaprojects
American scientist (born 1947)
1 Energy, a fusion company focused on developing a commercial fusion stellarator. Madia met Audrey DeLaquil at a student union dance in his freshman year
William_Madia
Model-B stellarator were built, they demonstrated confinement times much more in line with Bohm diffusion. To examine this, the Model-B2 stellarator was run
Classical_diffusion
Degree to which disturbing a plasma system at equilibrium will destabilize it
negative shear regions of tokamaks. Stellarator configurations such as the proposed NCSX, a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator design, can be created with negative
Plasma_stability
away from the Sun's surface. In fusion devices, such as tokamaks and stellarators, ICRH antennas are installed in the machine vessel to heat the plasma
Ion_cyclotron_resonance
City in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
second site (after Garching) in Greifswald and is experimenting with a stellarator, Wendelstein 7-X. Alfried Krupp Institute of Advanced Study Friedrich
Greifswald
Experimental fusion reactor, first to hit 75 million degrees
was some time before the PPPL was convinced to convert their Model C stellarator to the tokamak configuration. It immediately validated the Soviet results
Princeton_Large_Torus
Early fusion power device in the 1950s
out of the "bottle". Several arrangements were studied, notably the stellarator developed around 1950. An alternate approach was the "pinch" concept
Perhapsatron
Topics referred to by the same term
2005; see Ultra Network Technologies Columbia Non-neutral Torus, a small stellarator at the Columbia University Plasma Physics Laboratory in New York City
CNT
Thermal power station where the heat source is a nuclear reactor
methodologies are being explored, including magnet-based machines like stellarators and tokamaks, as well as laser, linear device, and advanced fuel approaches;
Nuclear_power_plant
Nuclear fusion research device at MIT, United States (1991–2016)
States), and Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) was developing the stellarator. Bruno Coppi was working at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton
Alcator_C-Mod
Magnetically confined fusion plasmas such as those generated in tokamaks and stellarators are characterized by a typical shape. Plasma shaping is the study of
Plasma_shaping
City in Chūbu, Japan
biggest tourist spots. The city is home to the Large Helical Device, a stellarator investigating plasma physics with an eye towards fusion power generation
Toki,_Gifu
Political and government structures
Retrieved November 28, 2015. The University of Wisconsin-Madison Torsatron/Stellarator Laboratory program (Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Administrative divisions of Wisconsin
Administrative_divisions_of_Wisconsin
Diagnostic probe measuring plasma potential in magnetized plasmas
Upgrade, COMPASS, ISTTOK, MAST, TJ-K, RFX, H-1 Heliac, IR-T1, GOLEM and stellarator Wendelstein 7-X as well as low temperature devices as DC cylindrical
Ball-pen_probe
Unfinished fusion reactor
avoided several of the problems found in contemporary designs like the stellarator and magnetic mirror. Development was greatly slowed by a series of changes
Astron_(fusion_reactor)
Former experimental tokamak at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
one of the major approaches being studied up to this point was the stellarator, whose development was limited almost entirely to the PPPL. Their latest
Tokamak_Fusion_Test_Reactor
Hypothetical spacecraft propulsion through continuous nuclear explosions for thrust
Nuclear photonic rocket Project Pluto Pulsed nuclear thermal rocket Stellarator Joseph A. Bonometti; P. Jeff Morton. "External Pulsed Plasma Propulsion
Nuclear_pulse_propulsion
Experimental fusion reactor
among the first serious designs for fusion reactors, along with the stellarator and z-pinch. The machine was very simple, consisting largely of a solenoid
Tandem_Mirror_Experiment
Czech plasma physicist
has worked on plasma physics, thermonuclear fusion, fusion (tokamak, stellarator), reversed field pinch and artificial intelligence. She is the president
Jana_Brotánková
Materials testing facility
mirror Bumpy torus Pinch Dense plasma focus Reversed field Theta Zeta Stellarator Tokamak Spherical Spheromak Dynomak Toroidal solenoid Magneto-inertial
International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility
International_Fusion_Materials_Irradiation_Facility
Superconducting alloy of niobium and titanium
coil achieved stable operation at 52 kA and 6.4 T. The Wendelstein 7-X stellarator uses Nb-Ti for its magnets, which are cooled to 4 K to create a 3 T field
Niobium–titanium
American quantum physicist (1897–1971)
diffusion in reactors. He made one of the first design of the Model D stellarator with for fusion power. Tonks retired in from General Electrics in 1963
Lewi_Tonks
Soviet plasma physicist (1929–2014)
electromagnetic waves with plasmas. Later, he worked intensively on stellarators. In 1981 he became the successor of Leontovich as head of the Theory
Vitaly_Shafranov
German physicist and emeritus professor (born 1943)
From 1989 to 1993, Wagner was project manager of the Wendelstein 7-AS stellarator experiment. In 1993, he became the director of the Max Planck Institute
Friedrich_Wagner
American plasma physicist
Physics Laboratory (PPPL), where he worked initially with the Model B1 Stellarator, a device used to confine hot plasma with magnetic fields in order to
Francis_F._Chen
fusion devices: 8 tokamaks, and one each of the reversed-field pinch, stellarator, and field-reversed configuration types. Magnetic Confinement China Tokamak
Nuclear_power_in_China
Topics referred to by the same term
a town in the district of Roth in Bavaria, Germany two experimental stellarators (nuclear fusion reactors) of the Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik:
Wendelstein
Software infrastructure for building distributed control systems
S-DALINAC – Technische Universität Darmstadt Wendelstein 7-X – experimental stellarator, Max Planck Institute of Plasma Physics Diamond Light Source – Rutherford
EPICS
Early US plan to put a satellite in orbit
Van Allen was on sabbatical leave from University of Iowa to work on stellarator design. Van Allen later recounted, "Stuhlinger's 1954 message was simple
Project_Orbiter
Property of the magnetic field of a magnetic confinement device
omnigenous field has tokamak-like neoclassical transport. For decades, stellarator designs have been optimized to meet this criterion. Piecewise represents
Piecewise_omnigenity
STELLARATOR
STELLARATOR
STELLARATOR
STELLARATOR
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Written
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Christian, Hebrew
Replacer; Supplanter
Boy/Male
Muslim
Lion
Girl/Female
Muslim
Highly skilled, Expert, Quick, Talented, Powerful, Quick
Female
Italian
Italian feminine form of Italian/Spanish Federico, FEDERICA means "peaceful ruler."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Quality
Boy/Male
Sikh
Dominion over a region, Illuminated kingdom
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Corbett.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Ganesh
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Be First
STELLARATOR
STELLARATOR
STELLARATOR
STELLARATOR
STELLARATOR