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Quantity used in collision theory
The steric factor, usually denoted ρ, is a quantity used in collision theory. Also called the probability factor, the steric factor is defined as the
Steric_factor
Chemistry principle
collision frequency in units of m−3⋅s−1. ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the steric factor. Ea is the activation energy of the reaction, in units of J⋅mol−1. T
Collision_theory
Equation in physical organic chemistry
effects of the substituent, δ is the sensitivity factor for the reaction to steric effects, and Es is the steric substituent constant. Polar substituent constants
Taft_equation
Formula for temperature dependence of rates of chemical reactions
{-E_{\mathrm {a} }}{RT}}} . Here ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is an empirical steric factor, often much less than 1.00, which is interpreted as the fraction of
Arrhenius_equation
Cage-like allotrope of carbon
for a 1,2-addition, while Cl 2 and Br 2 add to remote C atoms due to steric factors. For example, in C60Br8 and C60Br24, the Br atoms are in 1,3- or 1,4-positions
Buckminsterfullerene
Mathematical descriptions of molecular diffusion
adsorption model. In a more rigid picture, 1/6 can be replaced by the steric factor of the binding geometry. The bimolecular collision frequency related
Fick's_laws_of_diffusion
Chemical compound
methyl groups are replaced by hydrogen atoms) suggesting that steric factors are not a factor in regulating angles in this case. This colorless liquid is
Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine
Chemical reaction
exposed to the TDR conditions. The idea that sterics played a factor during migration and was not a factor just at the beginning to the reaction, was new
Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement
Tiffeneau–Demjanov_rearrangement
Chemical bond theory
react with BF3. This example demonstrates that steric factors, in addition to electron configuration factors, play a role in determining the strength of
Lewis_acids_and_bases
In chemistry, a sterically induced reduction happens when an oxidized metal behaves as, and exhibits similar reducing properties to, the more reduced form
Sterically_induced_reduction
Redox reaction in which an electron jumps between both reagents
of these redox reactions is that, unlike most reactions, they have steric factors greater than unity; that is, they take place reaction rate faster than
Harpoon_reaction
Proteins which remove GDP from GTPases
the rest of the structure is largely unchanged. The binding of the GEF sterically hinders the magnesium-binding site and interferes with the phosphate-binding
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
Guanine_nucleotide_exchange_factor
Pericyclic chemical reaction
regioisomeric products are possible. Both electronic/stereoelectronic and steric factors contribute to the regioselectivity of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. The
1,3-Dipolar_cycloaddition
Technique in analytical chemistry
present in the structure of the analyte molecule, but also on steric factors. The effect of steric hindrance on interaction strength allows this method to resolve
High-performance liquid chromatography
High-performance_liquid_chromatography
Organic molecule containing two or more fused cyclobutane rings
below. The further dimerization only produces the anti product due to steric factors. In these reactions, ladderanes are formed from multiple [2 + 2] photocycloadditions
Ladderane
Protein needed for initiation of transcription in prokaryotes
A sigma factor (σ factor or specificity factor) is a protein needed for initiation of transcription in bacteria. It is a bacterial transcription initiation
Sigma_factor
Catalyst composed of nickel and boron
seldom affects protecting groups. In contrast, P−2 is very sensitive to steric factors. For these reasons, P−1 is usually used for the complete reduction of
Nickel_boride_catalyst
Elements with atomic numbers 57-70
the ligands alone dictate the symmetry and coordination of complexes. Steric factors therefore dominate, with coordinative saturation of the metal being
Lanthanide
Tendency of some substituents on a cyclohexane ring to prefer axial orientation
tetrahydropyran ring – to assume the relative axial orientation, rather than a less sterically-hindered equatorial orientation. This effect was first observed in pyranose
Anomeric_effect
substitution reaction. EDGs are therefore often known as activating groups, though steric effects can interfere with the reaction. An electron withdrawing group (EWG)
Electrophilic aromatic directing groups
Electrophilic_aromatic_directing_groups
Chemical compound
fusion is related to an increased hydration force or through steric hindrance. Cord factor remains on the surface of M. tuberculosis cells until it associates
Cord_factor
Segment of DNA bound to a cancer-causing chemical
atoms. The generation of DNA adducts is also influenced by certain steric factors. Guanine's N7 position is exposed in the major groove of double-helical
DNA_adduct
Various molecular structures formed only by rotation about single bonds
energy barriers due to torsional influences and asymmetry in steric interactions. The factor of 1 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}} and the form [ 1 − cos
Rotamer
Protein
prevents efficient opsonization and inhibits phagocyte binding. In addition to steric shielding, ClfA-induced bacterial aggregation forms large clumps that are
Clumping_factor_A
Organic Polymer
Yassar, A.; Marque, P.; Garnier, F.; Lemaire, M. (1987). "Effects of steric factors on the electrosynthesis and properties of conducting poly(3-alkylthiophenes)"
Polythiophene
Organic chemistry reaction
with substrates that are more sterically accessible at the central carbon, i.e. those that do not have as much sterically hindering substituents nearby
SN2_reaction
Empirical rule in organic chemistry
ethanol produces the Zaytsev product with moderate selectivity. Due to steric interactions, a bulky base – such as potassium tert-butoxide, triethylamine
Zaytsev's_rule
Method of radical polymerization
that the structural factor that has the greatest effect on the ability of a nitroxide to mediate a radical polymerization is steric bulk. Generally speaking
Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization
Nitroxide-mediated_radical_polymerization
Selective dopamine autoreceptor agonist
pp. 143–. ISBN 978-0-8155-1856-3. A.F. Casy (11 November 2013). The Steric Factor in Medicinal Chemistry: Dissymmetric Probes of Pharmacological Receptors
Alentemol
Use of metal-based Lewis acids to catalyze organic reactions
be operating in both reactions for either 1,2- or 1,4- addition, and steric factors control stereoselectivity. This is in contrast with the rigid Zimmerman-Traxler
Lewis_acid_catalysis
Measurements of stable atom orientations
molecule (conformational analysis), as well as a general representation of steric bulk. A-values are derived from energy measurements of the different cyclohexane
A_value
1,2-migration of an alkyl or aryl group
concerted transition state. As a result, subtle conformational and steric factors can play a role in the speed and extent of these reactions. Allylic
Α-Ketol_rearrangement
DNA pattern affecting anatomy development
stereochemical requirement for glycine in the turn which is needed to avoid steric interference of the beta-carbon with the main chain: for cro and repressor
Homeobox
High strength concrete additive
(naphthalene, or melamine, formaldehyde condensates) (second generation), and; Steric effects: Polycarboxylates-ether (PCE) synthetic polymers bearing lateral
Superplasticizer
Reluctance of s-orbitals to take part in bond formation
electrons in the lower oxidation state is not always related to steric inertness (where steric inertness means that the presence of the s-electron lone pair
Inert-pair_effect
Concept in polymer physics
short-range features such as structural geometry, bond rotation potentials, and steric interactions between near-neighboring groups. Flory correctly identified
Excluded_volume
Chemical-analysis technique
SEC is typically run under low flow rate conditions where hydrodynamic factor should have little effect on the separation. In fact, both theory and computer
Size-exclusion_chromatography
Form of vitamin B-12
corresponding alkyl halides, acyl halides, alkene or alkyne. Steric hindrance is the major limiting factor in the synthesis of the B 12 coenzyme analogs. For example
Cyanocobalamin
Chemical compound
inherent electronic, steric, and stereoelectronic factors within a substrate to favor one site of oxidation. When these factors combine productively,
White–Chen_catalyst
Class of chemical compounds
PMID 4385937. Snyder SH, Richelson E (May 1968). "Psychedelic drugs: steric factors that predict psychotropic activity". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 60 (1):
DOx
Concept in organic chemistry
textbook notion of steric hindrance. Hyperconjugation affects several properties. Bond length: Hyperconjugation is suggested as a key factor in shortening
Hyperconjugation
Affect on molecular properties due to spatial arrangement of electron orbitals
σ*(Si–CH3), appears to be a more predominant factor in determining the reaction selectivity against the steric hindrance and even wins over the penalty of
Stereoelectronic_effect
Class of chemical compounds
effect on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities depending on steric factors and the chiral nature of the amino acid. Also the amino acid residue
N-Acylethanolamine
Material in which viscosity increases with the rate of shear strain
theory and Van der Waals forces and can be stabilized electrostatically or sterically. Shear thickening behavior occurs when a colloidal suspension transitions
Dilatant
Chemical reaction
dance reaction as a method to unsymmetrize 1,8-dibromonaphthalene. The steric repulsion between the peri-bromo groups in 1,8-dibromonaphthalene distorts
Halogen_dance_rearrangement
Explosive chemical compound
aromatic nitro compounds, e.g. trinitrotoluene (TNT) or tetryl. Due to the steric hindrance of the adjacent neopentyl-like moiety, PETN is resistant to attack
Pentaerythritol_tetranitrate
Polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block co-polymer
certain poloxamers such as Pluronic F-108 or Pluronic F-127, are used as steric stabilizers to prevent coalescence and/or reduce aggregation. In the case
Poloxamer
Class of chemical compounds
triisocyanide ligands are well developed, e.g., (CH2)n(NC)2. Usually steric factors force these ligands to bind to two separate metals, i.e., they are binucleating
Transition metal isocyanide complexes
Transition_metal_isocyanide_complexes
Proteoglycan; lubricant; gene
in both coating and repelling similarly coated cartilage surfaces due to steric repulsion. Lubricin's high degree of hydration is also thought to be involved
Proteoglycan_4
Structures of cyclohexane
its high steric strain. For 1,3-disubstituted cyclohexanes, the cis form is diequatorial and the flipped conformation suffers additional steric interaction
Cyclohexane_conformation
The distortion in the low-spin iridium(IV) system is likely due to steric factors, which result from the distribution and orientation of the ligands in
Tetramesityl_compounds
Change in chemical reaction rate due to isotopic substitution
version: (2006–) "steric isotope effect". doi:10.1351/goldbook.S06001 Mislow K, Graeve R, Gordon AJ, Wahl GH (1963). "A Note on Steric Isotope Effects.
Kinetic_isotope_effect
Process in molecular biology
Brca1 and Ercc1. Splicing events can be experimentally altered by binding steric-blocking antisense oligos, such as Morpholinos or Peptide nucleic acids
RNA_splicing
Preferential formation of one chiral isomer over another in a chemical reaction
during nucleophilic additions. These models are based on a combination of steric and electronic considerations and are often in conflict with each other
Asymmetric_induction
Type of reaction in organometallic chemistry
elimination is sensitive to a variety of factors including: (1) metal identity and electron density, (2) sterics, (3) participating ligands, (4) coordination
Reductive_elimination
and vapor pressure measurements — thermodynamics of size effects and steric factors". Surface Science. 66 (2): 559–580. Bibcode:1977SurSc..66..559C. doi:10
Jay_Gregory_Dash
Chemical compound
conditions), chiefly because the amide hydrogen (trans isomer) offers less steric repulsion to the preceding Cα atom than does the following Cα atom (cis
Proline
Mixture of an insoluble substance microscopically dispersed throughout another substance
continuous phases are matched), is short-range, and is attractive. Steric forces: A repulsive steric force typically occurring due to adsorbed polymers coating
Colloid
provides an interesting example of how stereoelectronic factors may override steric factors in intramolecular substitution reactions. In the cyclization
Nitrile_anion
Steric effect from the spatial arrangement of methyl groups in n-pentane
Pentane interference or syn-pentane interaction is the steric hindrance that the two terminal methyl groups experience in one of the chemical conformations
Pentane_interference
Catalyzed organic reactions that produce an organoboron compound
alkyl complexes can be attributed to several factors. First, the primary alkyl complex is favored sterically over the secondary alkyl complex. Second, partial
Borylation
Topics referred to by the same term
in Buddhism; mental factors that interfere with meditation Steric hindrance, a slowing of chemical reactions resulting from Steric effects This disambiguation
Hinder_(disambiguation)
Viscosity of the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane
explainable as due to motional restricting effect at these positions, because of steric hindrance by large chlorophyll headgroups, specially so, in liposomes. However
Membrane_fluidity
Complex oxide molecules that contain five or more metal ions
2017, Kriven and Tseng reported the first polymeric steric entrapment HEO synthesis. Polymeric steric entrapment can be used to synthesize bulk HEO samples
High_entropy_oxide
Molecules which are non-mirror image, non-identical stereoisomers
reaction. In general, stereoselectivity is attributed to torsional and steric interactions in the stereocenter resulting from electrophiles approaching
Diastereomer
Peptide used as medication
increase molecular weight, and limit enzymatic degradation as a result of steric hindrance caused by adding the PEG. PEGylation offers a number of benefits
Peptide_therapeutics
systems;[citation needed] while the patterns become more complex when factors other than steric bulk come into play (see section above on orbital contributions)
Flippin–Lodge_angle
a significant role in promoting the molecule's stability. Distinct from steric hindrance, dispersion stabilization has only recently been considered in
Dispersion stabilized molecules
Dispersion_stabilized_molecules
Molecule that delivers the amino acid to the ribosome during translation
the amino acid and tRNA. Such observations are due to, primarily, steric effects. Steric hindrance is provided for by specific side chain groups of amino
Aminoacyl-tRNA
Autoimmune blistering disease
antibodies and the immunological pathway is most likely one of three mechanisms: Steric hindrance of the desmoglein 1: The antibody caps off the site for intracellular
Pemphigus_foliaceus
Protein family
two models have been proposed based on in vivo and in vitro data. In the "steric" model, the helicase tightly translocates along one strand of DNA while
Minichromosome_maintenance
Chemical group (–C4H9) derived from butane
called the Thorpe–Ingold effect. The tert-butyl effect is an example of steric hindrance. tert-Butyl groups lack alpha-hydrogen atoms. This aspect stabilizes
Butyl_group
Ligands that lack mirror symmetry but have two-fold rotational symmetry
reducing the number of unique geometries in the transition states. Steric and kinetic factors then usually favor the formation of a single product. Chiral ligands
C2-Symmetric_ligands
Proteins assisting in protein folding
by heat stress. The majority of molecular chaperones do not convey any steric information for protein folding, and instead assist in protein folding by
Chaperone_(protein)
Breaking a molecular bond such that both fragments retain an electron
proposed an alternative hypothesis involving the relief of substituent group steric strain (as opposed to the before accepted paradigm, which suggests that
Homolysis_(chemistry)
Genetic perturbation technique
strand when targeting the transcriptional start site. In prokaryotes, this steric inhibition can repress transcription of the target gene by almost 99.9%;
CRISPR_interference
Type of repeated DNA sequence
inactivation. This is mediated by monomers, and inactivation is due to steric hindrance between the origins. Another less prevalent limitation thought
Iteron
Ability of a chemical reaction mechanism to differentiate between stereoisomers
products, but where one (or a subset) of the products is favored by factors, such as steric access, that are independent of the mechanism. A stereospecific
Stereospecificity
Chemical reaction in which a nucleophile is affixed to the substrate
severely limit the reaction rate. Since this reaction occurs in one step, steric effects drive the reaction speed. In the intermediate step, the nucleophile
Nucleophilic_substitution
Bond arrangement in organic chemistry
first coined by Klyne and Prelog in their work entitled "Description of steric relationships across single bonds", published in 1960. ‘Anti’ refers to
Anti-periplanar
Effective force in molecular and colloidal systems
mathematically by the hard-sphere potential. The hard-sphere potential imposes steric constraint around large spheres which in turn gives rise to excluded volume
Depletion_force
Group of chemical reactions
selectivity for the syn diastereomer. In the absence of hydrogen bonding, steric effects direct peroxide addition to the opposite face. However, perfluoric
Epoxidation of allylic alcohols
Epoxidation_of_allylic_alcohols
Tricyclic antidepressant
Hansch C, Leo A, Hoekman D. 1995. Exploring QSAR.Hydrophobic, electronic and steric constants. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. Box KJ, Völgyi G,
Amitriptyline
Membrane receptor
inhibitor complex structure reveals a combined steric and allosteric mechanism of von Willebrand factor antagonism". Blood. 114 (23): 4883–5. doi:10
Glycoprotein_Ib-IX-V_complex
Organic compounds made of alkyl/aryl groups bound to oxygen (R–O–R')
elimination on exposure to the basic alkoxide anion used in the reaction due to steric hindrance from the large alkyl groups. In a related reaction, alkyl halides
Ether
Catalysis of chemical reactions by enzymes
"Theoretical studies of enzymic reactions: dielectric, electrostatic and steric stabilization of the carbonium ion in the reaction of lysozyme". Journal
Enzyme_catalysis
Type of strain energy in organic chemistry
end. If the substituents (R and R') are large enough in size, they can sterically interfere with each other such that one conformer is greatly favored over
Allylic_strain
Type of protein secondary structure
isomer of the peptide bond, specifically the X-Pro peptide bond; steric and electronic factors heavily favor the trans isomer in most other peptide bonds.
Polyproline_helix
Random process independent of past history
add in alternating fashion or in long runs of the same monomer). Due to steric effects, second-order Markov effects may also play a role in the growth
Markov_chain
Drug discovery
shape, meaning that a flat amidinoaryl group should bind to it without steric hindrance. Modern direct Xa inhibitors are L-shaped molecules whose ends
Discovery and development of direct Xa inhibitors
Discovery_and_development_of_direct_Xa_inhibitors
Tripartite protein complex secreted by virulent strains of Bacillus anthracis
the LF and EF into the cytosol. Heptamerization and pore formation is sterically hindered by the PA20 fragment, but when it is removed from the top of
Anthrax_toxin
Large plasma protein found in the blood
thiol ester with small primary amines. αM protease inhibitors inhibit by steric hindrance. The mechanism involves protease cleavage of the bait region,
Alpha-2-Macroglobulin
Chemical reaction
dienophiles, or reversible reactions (as in the case of furan as diene), steric effects can override the normal endo selectivity in favor of the exo isomer
Diels–Alder_reaction
Distance from the center of Earth to the sea surface
decrease the density of the water. These two effects together result in the steric sea level. The thermal part is called the thermosteric sea level, whereas
Eustatic_sea_level
Solvent interface of a solute
binders or inhibitors. With other solvents and solutes, varying steric and kinetic factors can also affect the solvation shell. Activity coefficient Metal
Solvation_shell
Group of genetic disorders resulting in fragile bones
protein's triple helix structure. The larger amino acid side-chains lead to steric effects that creates a bulge in the collagen complex, which in turn influences
Osteogenesis_imperfecta
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication
required for COX-2 inhibition and the 4-methyl on the 5-pyrazol system has low steric hindrance to maximising potency, while the 3-trifluoromethyl group provides
Celecoxib
Influence of a solvent on chemical reactivity, stability, etc.
that steric effects also affect the relative reaction rates, however, for demonstration of principle for solvent polarity on SN2 reaction rates, steric effects
Solvent_effects
Class of chemical compounds
Bridges cyclophilin A and calcineurin, inhibiting phosphatase activity via steric hindrance. RMC-7977 (Cyclophilin A-KRAS): Stabilizes a ternary complex
Molecular_glue
Group of chemical compounds
on the basis of sterics or electronics. In general, acidic deprotections deprotect less hindered silyl groups faster, with the steric bulk on silicon
Silyl_ether
STERIC FACTOR
STERIC FACTOR
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Sherry, SHERIE means "darling."
Male
Norwegian
Norwegian form of Old Norse Steinn, STEIN means "stone."
Male
English
English form of German Erich, ERIC means "ever-ruler."Â
Boy/Male
American, Australian, French, German, Latin, Scandinavian
Stern; Strict; Reddish Brown Hair; Thunder
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English streit ‘narrow’, ‘strict’ (Anglo-Norman French estreit).German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname for a quarrelsome person, from Middle High German strīt, German Streit ‘strife’, ‘argument’.
Surname or Lastname
English (Suffolk, Gloucestershire)
English (Suffolk, Gloucestershire) : unexplained.
Male
Greek
(ΤÎÏις) Pet form of Greek Eleftherios, TERIS means "the liberator."
Surname or Lastname
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from Middle High German stern, German Stern ‘star’, a habitational name for someone living at a house distinguished by the sign of a star, or a Jewish ornamental name.English : nickname for a severe person, from Middle English stern(e) ‘strict’, ‘austere’.
Boy/Male
Australian, French, Italian, Spanish
Strict; Restrained; Stern; Severe
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Sherry, SHERI means "darling."
Girl/Female
American, Gujarati, Indian, Japanese
The Hokan Language of the Seri
Male
English
English variant spelling of Visigothic Alaric, ALERIC means "all-powerful; ruler of all."
Male
English
Unisex pet form of English Steven and Stevania, both STEVIE means "crown."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Stern 2.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Stern 2.
Boy/Male
Norse American Scandinavian
Ever or eternal ruler. Island ruler. Famous bearer: 10th-century Norwegian explorer Eric the Red.
Boy/Male
American, British, English, German
Austere; Stern; Unbending
Female
Finnish
Finnish form of Persian Esther, ESTERI means "star."
Female
English
English pet form of Spanish Teresa, TERI means "harvester."
Male
German
Altered form of German Almeric, EMERIC means "work-power."
STERIC FACTOR
STERIC FACTOR
Boy/Male
Biblical
Singing with the Lord.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Jamaican, Latin, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish
Golden; Wind; Dawn; Breeze
Boy/Male
British, English, Welsh
Affection; Amiable
Girl/Female
American, German, Latin
Joyous; Merry; Goths; Cheerful; Germanic Tribe
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Oriya, Sanskrit
Basil; Tulasi Tree
Boy/Male
Muslim
A companion of prophet Muhammad
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Lion
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Moon
Boy/Male
Tamil
Putaparti Sai baba
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu
Ocean; Sea
STERIC FACTOR
STERIC FACTOR
STERIC FACTOR
STERIC FACTOR
STERIC FACTOR
a.
Exact; accurate; precise; rigorously nice; as, to keep strict watch; to pay strict attention.
a.
Of or pertaining to the meter as a standard of measurement; of or pertaining to the decimal system of measurement of which a meter is the unit; as, the metric system; a metric measurement.
a.
Rigidly; interpreted; exactly limited; confined; restricted; as, to understand words in a strict sense.
a.
Free from reproductive spores or germs; as, a sterile fluid.
a.
Producing little or no crop; barren; unfruitful; unproductive; not fertile; as, sterile land; a sterile desert; a sterile year.
a.
Strained; drawn close; tight; as, a strict embrace; a strict ligature.
a.
Fig.: Barren of ideas; destitute of sentiment; as, a sterile production or author.
a.
Pertaining to, or obtained from, the maple; as, aceric acid.
a.
Alt. of Stereo-chemical
n.
A narrow piece, or one comparatively long; as, a strip of cloth; a strip of land.
a.
Tense; not relaxed; as, a strict fiber.
a.
Being in the stern, or being astern; as, the stern davits.
v. t.
To pull or tear off, as a covering; to remove; to wrest away; as, to strip the skin from a beast; to strip the bark from a tree; to strip the clothes from a man's back; to strip away all disguisses.
a.
Governed or governing by exact rules; observing exact rules; severe; rigorous; as, very strict in observing the Sabbath.
superl.
Having a certain hardness or severity of nature, manner, or aspect; hard; severe; rigid; rigorous; austere; fixed; unchanging; unrelenting; hence, serious; resolute; harsh; as, a sternresolve; a stern necessity; a stern heart; a stern gaze; a stern decree.
v. t.
To deprive; to bereave; to make destitute; to plunder; especially, to deprive of a covering; to skin; to peel; as, to strip a man of his possession, his rights, his privileges, his reputation; to strip one of his clothes; to strip a beast of his skin; to strip a tree of its bark.
a.
Pertaining to, or obtained from, stearin or tallow; resembling tallow.
a.
Close; narrow; strict.