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Downward vertical movement of the Earth's surface
Subsidence is a general term for downward vertical movement of the Earth's surface, which can be caused by both natural processes and human activities
Subsidence
Movement of colder, more dense air downwards within the atmosphere
In meteorology, subsidence is the downward movement of an air parcel as it cools and becomes denser. By contrast, warm air becomes less dense and moves
Subsidence_(atmosphere)
Hole or depression left on the surface over the site of an underground explosion
A subsidence crater is a hole or depression left on the surface of an area which has had an underground (usually nuclear) explosion. Many such craters
Subsidence_crater
Sinking of the Earth's crust on a large scale
Tectonic subsidence is the sinking of the Earth's crust on a large scale, relative to crustal-scale features or the geoid. The movement of crustal plates
Tectonic_subsidence
Ring-shaped coral reef
the subsidence model and the antecedent karst model, have been used to explain the development of atolls. According to Charles Darwin's subsidence model
Atoll
Geological phenomenon
In geology and geophysics, thermal subsidence is a mechanism of subsidence in which conductive cooling of the mantle thickens the lithosphere and causes
Thermal_subsidence
Sinking of land due to groundwater extraction
Groundwater-related subsidence is the subsidence (or the sinking) of land resulting from unsustainable groundwater extraction. It is a growing problem
Groundwater-related subsidence
Groundwater-related_subsidence
Cities endangered by environmental change
(manifested through sea level rise, intensifying storms, and storm surge), land subsidence, and accelerated urbanization. Many of the world's largest and most rapidly
Sinking_cities
Long, narrow crack opening on a planetary surface
ISBN 978-0-8137-5655-4. Retrieved 24 September 2021. "Earth Fissures, Subsidence & Karst in Arizona". AZGS. 12 July 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
Fissure
UK Government compensatory body
The Cheshire Brine Subsidence Compensation Board was created by the Cheshire Brine Pumping (Compensation for Subsidence) Act 1952 (15 & 16 Geo. 6 & 1 Eliz
Cheshire Brine Subsidence Compensation Board
Cheshire_Brine_Subsidence_Compensation_Board
Deviation from the normal change of an atmospheric property with altitude
In meteorology, an inversion (or temperature inversion) is a phenomenon in which a layer of warmer air overlies cooler air. Normally, air temperature gradually
Inversion_(meteorology)
land subsidence was formed. In 1975 subsidence was maintained under the framework of the UNESCO IHP (subproject 8.4: "Investigation of Land Subsidence due
UNESCO Working Group on Land Subsidence
UNESCO_Working_Group_on_Land_Subsidence
Land sinking when groundwater is withdrawn too quickly
feet (8.5 m). During drought years, the valley is prone to accelerated subsidence due to groundwater extraction. California periodically experiences droughts
Central Valley land subsidence
Central_Valley_land_subsidence
Geological event in Thathri town of Jammu and Kashmir
On 1 February 2023, a land subsidence event developed in the town of Thathri in the Doda district of Jammu and Kashmir, India, resulting in 23 structures
2023_Thathri_land_subsidence
flexes in response to the load on the mantle, causing depression and subsidence (foredeep) followed by the forebulging in the front. The forebulge area
Forebulge
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Coal-Mining (Subsidence) Act 1950 (14 Geo. 6. c. 23) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the Labour government of Clement Attlee
Coal-Mining (Subsidence) Act 1950
Coal-Mining_(Subsidence)_Act_1950
The Mine Subsidence Board of New South Wales is a Government of New South Wales agency responsible for reducing the risk of mine subsidence damage to properties
New South Wales Mine Subsidence Board
New_South_Wales_Mine_Subsidence_Board
City in Veneto, Italy
current flowing around the head of the Adriatic Sea from east to west. Subsidence, the gradual lowering of the surface of Venice, has contributed – along
Venice
Lake formed as a result of subsidence related to movement on faults within a rift zone
A rift lake is a lake formed as a result of subsidence related to movement on faults within a rift zone, an area of extensional tectonics in the continental
Rift_lake
Most populous city in the United States
manifestations of global warming like sea level rise exacerbated by land subsidence. Climate change has spawned the development of a significant climate resiliency
New_York_City
Regions of long-term subsidence creating space for infilling by sediments
Sedimentary basins are region-scale depressions of the Earth's crust where subsidence has occurred and a thick sequence of sediments have accumulated to form
Sedimentary_basin
Water located beneath the ground surface
surface as subsidence. Unfortunately, much of the subsidence from groundwater extraction is permanent (elastic rebound is small). Thus, the subsidence is not
Groundwater
1892 sinkhole near Lindal-in-Furness, Cumbria, England
and though most thought the worst had been seen, the full extent of the subsidence could only be guessed at and no one yet knew when rails might start to
Lindal_railway_incident
Nuclear test region in Nevada, US
mountains allowed for relatively easy drilling of test holes. Hundreds of subsidence craters dot the desert floor. A crater could develop when an underground
Yucca_Flat
collapse, reports confirmed continued ground instability and further subsidence in the affected area to 40 meters wide. Structural assessments revealed
2025_Bangkok_road_collapse
Geodesy and remote sensing technique
landslides, and in structural engineering, in particular monitoring of subsidence and structural stability. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a form of
Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar
Interferometric_synthetic-aperture_radar
Series of earthquakes during 1811–1812 impacting on Missouri, USA
in Tennessee by subsidence of 1.5 meters to 6 meters in some places. Lake St. Francis in eastern Arkansas was expanded by subsidence, with sand and coal
1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes
1811–1812_New_Madrid_earthquakes
Petroleum field in Los Angeles County, California, United States
oil reservoirs, and resultant sinking of the overlying land surface. Subsidence became apparent in 1940, and exceeded 20 feet at the center. Water injection
Wilmington_Oil_Field
Plateau in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania
the existence of two great lines of rift valleys, due largely to the subsidence of segments of the Earth's crust, the lowest parts of which are occupied
East_African_Plateau
Water supply project in California, US
Castaic Lake, while Castaic Dam is located at the southern end. Land subsidence has occurred along the aqueduct and has had a steady increase since its
California_Aqueduct
Erosion process
water around the edges of estuaries and interior bays and lakes and by subsidence of coastal plain wetlands. The most important causes of land loss in coastal
Land_loss
American hydrologist
hydrogeologic field of land subsidence. He committed 50 years of his life to understanding and bringing awareness to the issue. Land subsidence results from over
Joseph F. Poland (hydrologist)
Joseph_F._Poland_(hydrologist)
Unsustainable extraction of groundwater
the environment around the aquifer, such as soil compression and land subsidence, local climatic change, soil chemistry changes, and other deterioration
Groundwater_depletion
Inland river delta and estuary in Northern California
claimed for agriculture. Wind erosion and oxidation have led to widespread subsidence on the Central Delta islands; much of the Delta region today sits below
Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
Sacramento–San_Joaquin_River_Delta
Study and analysis of groups of sedimentary deposits
eustatic sea level and regional subsidence caused by tectonic subsidence, thermal subsidence and load-induced subsidence as the weight of accumulated sediment
Sequence_stratigraphy
Norwegian North Sea oil field
in particular were found to be suffering from an unexpected degree of subsidence. Detailed geological investigation showed that it was the result of delayed
Ekofisk_oil_field
Form of underground coal mining
demonstrate more visible subsidence in mountain landscapes than it does for valley landscapes. There have been cases of surface subsidence altering the landscape
Longwall_mining
2021 building collapse in Florida, US
work had not started. Other possible factors considered included land subsidence, insufficient reinforcing steel, and corruption during construction. In
Surfside_condominium_collapse
Test detonation of nuclear weapons underground
a rubble chimney. If this chimney reaches the surface, a bowl-shaped subsidence crater may form. The first underground test took place in 1951. Further
Underground nuclear weapons testing
Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing
Effect of climate change in New Zealand
trends vary because of vertical land movement from tectonic processes and subsidence. National projections indicate that sea levels will continue to rise throughout
Sea_level_rise_in_New_Zealand
Earth-penetrating nuclear weapon
Subsidence craters remaining after underground nuclear (test) explosions at the north end of the Yucca Flat, Nevada test site
Nuclear_bunker_buster
1987 United States Supreme Court case
dwellings, and cemeteries through subsidence. Pennsylvania enacted the Subsidence Act in 1966 "to prevent or minimize subsidence and to regulate its consequences
Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis
Keystone_Bituminous_Coal_Ass'n_v._DeBenedictis
Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen
quiescence in calm: its hydrokinetic turgidity in neap and spring tides: its subsidence after devastation: its sterility in the circumpolar icecaps, arctic and
Water
Transition between oceanic and continental lithosphere that is not an active plate margin
from continental rifting to seafloor spreading and subsequent thermal subsidence, producing extensive sedimentary wedges above highly attenuated transitional
Passive_margin
Aircraft motion involving constant angle of attack but varying pitch
flight dynamics modes of an aircraft (others include short period, roll subsidence, dutch roll, and spiral divergence). The phugoid has a nearly constant
Phugoid
Geological linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart
cools and this is accompanied by a broad area of post-rift subsidence. The amount of subsidence is directly related to the amount of thinning during the
Rift
1995 earthquake in Southeast Asia
1995. The shock centered in the Ombai Strait was associated with coastal subsidence and a tsunami on Timor. A 4 m (13 ft) wave inundated up to 120 m (390 ft)
1995_Timor_earthquake
Verdin to compensate people for subsidence caused by brine pumping. Later, the Brine Pumping (Compensation for Subsidence) Act 1891 (54 & 55 Vict. c. 40)
Sir Joseph Verdin, 1st Baronet
Sir_Joseph_Verdin,_1st_Baronet
Hill pass in the Derbyshire section of the Peak District
winter because of snow, and has seen several longer-term closures owing to subsidence following heavy rain. The road remains a popular route for tourists and
Snake_Pass
Depression caused by an impact or geologic activity
shapes, sizes, and other characteristics. A pit crater (also called a subsidence crater or collapse crater) is a depression formed by a sinking or collapse
Crater
United States historic place
permanent home will be in Galveston. Underground water has led to severe land subsidence and erosion along the Bay Area shoreline, especially in the Baytown-Pasadena
San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site
San_Jacinto_Battleground_State_Historic_Site
Delta of the Mississippi River
delta headland, the region experiences land loss due to the processes of subsidence, erosion of the marsh shoreline, and the natural redistribution of sands
Mississippi_River_Delta
Sedimentary basin located along the coast of southern California
and infilled the basin floor. Subsidence and sedimentation most likely began in the southern portion basin. Subsidence and Deposition occurred simultaneously
Los_Angeles_Basin
tremendous water challenges. These include groundwater overexploitation, land subsidence, the risk of major flooding, the impacts of increasing urbanization, poor
Water management in Greater Mexico City
Water_management_in_Greater_Mexico_City
Volcanic eruptions in Iceland
magnitude 5.3. Grindavík was evacuated due to the creation of large-scale subsidence, including the formation of an extensive graben valley, which caused significant
2023–2025 Sundhnúkur eruptions
2023–2025_Sundhnúkur_eruptions
a study of mine subsidence in the Colorado Springs coal field by the Dames and Moore consulting firm in 1985, trough-like subsidence over room-and-pillar
Mining in Colorado Springs, Colorado
Mining_in_Colorado_Springs,_Colorado
Type of basin in geology
In geology, a basin is a region where subsidence generates accommodation space for the deposition of sediments. A pull-apart basin is a structural basin
Pull-apart_basin
Oceanic plateau in the north-west Pacific Ocean
Ontong-Java Plateau. There was least subsidence at the centre of the Tamu Massif (c. 2,600 m (8,500 ft)), subsidence increased at the northern flank of
Shatsky_Rise
Flooded valleys in New Zealand
Zealand. The Marlborough Sounds were created by a combination of land subsidence and rising sea levels. According to Māori mythology, the sounds are the
Marlborough_Sounds
Land & irrigation
overall water level decreases. This may cause water mining, land/soil subsidence, and, along the coast, saltwater intrusion. Irrigated land area worldwide
Environmental impact of irrigation
Environmental_impact_of_irrigation
Fad of trying to fit as many people in a telephone booth as possible
Phone booth stuffing is a sporadic fad that involves a number of people consecutively entering a telephone booth until either the phone booth can accommodate
Phone_booth_stuffing
Underground water-bearing rock
groundwater beyond the equilibrium yield of the aquifer), groundwater-related subsidence of land, and the salinization or pollution of the groundwater. The word
Aquifer
Island in the United States of America
has since lost about 98% of its land due to saltwater intrusion, and subsidence. In January 2016, the state of Louisiana received substantial funding
Isle de Jean Charles, Louisiana
Isle_de_Jean_Charles,_Louisiana
Largest methane field in Europe
methane had been extracted from the field. Gas extraction resulted in subsidence above the field. From 1991, this was also accompanied by earthquakes,
Groningen_gas_field
Island in the United States of America
abandoned due to sinking of the land's surface associated with isostatic subsidence and sea level rise. It is located in the Holland Strait, between Bloodsworth
Holland_Island
Cauldron-like volcanic feature formed by the emptying of a magma chamber
the feature is actually a type of sinkhole, as it is formed through subsidence and collapse rather than an explosion or impact. Compared to the thousands
Caldera
Oceanic currents that flow beneath surface currents
direction of the surface current. The final type of subsurface current is subsidence, caused when forces push water against some obstacle (like a rock), causing
Subsurface_ocean_current
Geological event
The sinking of Maceió is a geological process of soil subsidence in several neighborhoods of the Brazilian city of Maceió, capital of the state of Alagoas
Sinking_of_Maceió
Desert along the coast of Peru
caused by the upwelling of cold coastal waters and subtropical atmospheric subsidence, but it is also subject to occasional flooding during El Niño years. In
Sechura_Desert
Areas of dead trees in former forests
submergence. Ghost forests commonly form when sea level rise, tectonic subsidence, or storm-driven coastal flooding increases soil salinity beyond the tolerance
Ghost_forest
1963 dam failure in Los Angeles, California
subsidence that had occurred a half mile west of the reservoir over decades of oil extraction in the Inglewood field. The oilfield-related subsidence
Baldwin_Hills_Dam_disaster
Castle in Caerphilly, Wales
operation, it is probable that this deterioration was actually the result of subsidence damage caused when the water defences retreated, as there is no evidence
Caerphilly_Castle
Megathrust earthquake off Japan's east coast
injured. The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan reported land subsidence based on the height of triangulation stations in the area measured by
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
2011_Tōhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami
Process of taking water from any source
Land subsidence completed. Land Subsidence | U.S. Geological Survey. https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/land-subsidence
Water_extraction
Region with higher atmospheric pressure
more frequently occurring—are high-pressure areas caused by atmospheric subsidence: Air becomes cool enough to precipitate out its water vapor, and large
High-pressure_area
Geologically-formed topological depression
enlarged openings forming a small depression at the ground surface. Cover-subsidence sinkholes form where voids in the underlying limestone allow more settling
Sinkhole
Radio characters
August 2006 2 There's Something about Mrs Naughtie 31 August 2006 3 The Subsidence Adventure 7 September 2006 4 Inverurie Jones and the Thimble of Doom 14
Hamish_and_Dougal
Unincorporated community in Pennsylvania, US
remained. There were 17 mine subsidence events in Bradenville over the approximately 20 years prior to 2018. Mine subsidence can occur when the ground above
Bradenville,_Pennsylvania
Marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean
the basin experienced a period of cooling and subsidence of the crust underlying it. The subsidence resulted from crustal stretching, cooling, and loading
Gulf_of_Mexico
Types of aircraft behavior
lateral-directional dynamic motion: roll subsidence mode, spiral mode, and Dutch roll mode. Roll subsidence mode is simply the damping of rolling motion
Aircraft_dynamic_modes
High air pressure area in the Atlantic Ocean
drought of the Mediterranean Basin is primarily due to the large-scale subsidence and sinking motion of air in the system. In boreal summer, the Azores
Azores_High
Cathedral in Kaliningrad, Russia
the reconstruction was the subsidence of the cathedral which had happened over time. Even during German times, the subsidence had been evident. In 2002
Königsberg_Cathedral
Processes of growth and erosion of the volcanoes of the Hawaiian islands
growth and denudation of a volcano, other factors are also involved. Subsidence is known to occur. Changes in sea level, occurring mostly during the Pleistocene
Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes
Evolution_of_Hawaiian_volcanoes
Science of air vehicle orientation and control in three dimensions
Aircraft flight dynamics is the science of air vehicle orientation and control in three dimensions. The three critical flight dynamics parameters are the
Aircraft_flight_dynamics
Mining area in West Bengal, India
coal. As a result, almost all areas are facing subsidence. As per CMPDIL, there were 11 points of subsidence in the Kunustoria Area involving 399.21 hectares
Kunustoria_Area
Enclosed structure
maintenance. They may be damaged by accidents involving storms, explosions, subsidence caused by mining, water withdrawal or poor foundations and landslides
Building
Decrease of the porosity of a sediment under the lithostatic pressure exerted by loading
decompaction process are useful for analyzing numerical basin evolution (e.g., subsidence) and evaluating hydrocarbon reservoirs and geological storages. In sediments
Compaction_(geology)
Temporary inundation of low-lying areas during exceptionally high tide events
human-related environmental impacts such as coastal erosion and land subsidence increase the vulnerability of infrastructure. Geographies faced with these
Tidal_flooding
Belt of Eurasian mountain ranges
concept of a trans-Eurasian zone of subsidence, which he called Tethys, was Eduard Suess. He knew it had been a subsidence because it expressed deposits of
Alpide_belt
Sea level variations over geological time scales
are caused by Earth's crust uplift, known as dynamic topography, and subsidence. Over geologic timescales sea level has fluctuated by more than hundreds
Past_sea_level
Town in Lower Saxony, Germany
"subsidence area". The houses there and the local church (St. Lambert's) lost their stability and had to be demolished. Because of this subsidence, and
Lüneburg
City in Haryana, India
Faridabad (Hindi: [fəˈɾiːˌd̪aːbaːd̪]) is the most populous city in the Indian state of Haryana and is a part of Delhi National Capital Region. It is one
Faridabad
evolutionary stages. (1) rift system development (2) sea floor spreading, (3) subsidence of the South China Sea, (4) closure of the South China Sea Basin and (5)
Tectonics of the South China Sea
Tectonics_of_the_South_China_Sea
level—the highest area within city limits being 90 feet (27 m). However, subsidence, caused by extensive groundwater pumping and resource extraction, has
Geography_of_Houston
Conditional symmetric instability, or CSI, is a form of convective instability in a fluid subject to temperature differences in a uniform rotation frame
Conditional symmetric instability
Conditional_symmetric_instability
production, carbon storage, and water filtration The two major factors are subsidence, mostly from lack of sediment, and salt water intrusion from canals dredged
Wetlands_of_Louisiana
Shallow depression formed by subsidence of the Arctic permafrost
shallow depression which occurs primarily in Yakutia, which is formed by subsidence of the Arctic permafrost owing to repeated melting and refreezing. An
Alas_(geography)
English actress, singer, and television presenter (born 1974)
Tonya Dyke 7 episodes (Series 6) 2015 Doctors Becky Harmison Episode: "Subsidence" Partners in Crime Blonde Assassin 3 episodes 2015–2016 Game of Thrones
Hannah_Waddingham
Horizontal excavation mining method
simple, lends itself to mechanization, and can reduce the risk of surface subsidence. But recovery and profits are lowered by the need to leave portions of
Room_and_pillar_mining
coal. As a result, almost all areas are facing subsidence. As per CMPDIL, there were 6 points of subsidence in the Pandaveswar Area involving 49.62 hectares
Pandaveswar_Area
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