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Ancient Mesopotamian civilization from 3300 to 1900 BC
Akkadian name for the "Sumerians", the ancient non-Semitic-speaking inhabitants of southern Mesopotamia. In their inscriptions, the Sumerians called their land
Sumer
Language of ancient Sumer and Babylon
Sumerian (Sumerian: 𒅴𒂠, romanized: eme-gir15, lit. 'native language') was the language of ancient Sumer. It is the oldest attested language, dating back
Sumerian_language
First known Mesopotamian religion
Sumerian religion Sumerian religion was the religion practiced by the people of Sumer, the first literate civilization found in recorded history and based
Sumerian_religion
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Sumerian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Sumerian or Sumerians may refer to: Sumer, an ancient civilization Sumerian language Sumerian art Sumerian
Sumerian
Ancient text listing Sumerian Kingships
The Sumerian King List (abbreviated SKL) or Chronicle of the One Monarchy is an ancient literary composition written in Sumerian that was likely created
Sumerian_King_List
American record label
Sumerian Records is an American record label based in Nashville, Tennessee. The company was founded in 2006 by Ash Avildsen. Sumerian has signed artists
Sumerian_Records
Writing system of the ancient Near East
earliest known writing system and was originally developed to write the Sumerian language of southern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq). Over the course of its
Cuneiform
18th–17th century BCE writings
Sumerian literature constitutes the earliest known corpus of recorded literature, including the religious writings and other traditional stories maintained
Sumerian_literature
1964 video game
The Sumerian Game was an early text-based strategy video game of land and resource management. It was developed as part of a joint research project between
The_Sumerian_Game
Group of ancient Mesopotamian deities
Anunnaki (Sumerian: 𒀭𒀀𒉣𒈾, also transcribed as Anunaki, Annunaki, Anunna, Ananaki and other variations) are a group of deities of the ancient Sumerians, Akkadians
Anunnaki
Religious practices of Babylonia
influenced by its Sumerian counterparts and were written on clay tablets inscribed with the cuneiform script derived from Sumerian cuneiform. The myths
Babylonian_religion
Royal dynasty in Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia and their realm is sometimes referred to by historians as the Neo-Sumerian Empire. The Third Dynasty of Ur is commonly abbreviated as "Ur III" by
Third_Dynasty_of_Ur
Creation myth
Eridu Genesis, also called the Sumerian Creation Myth or Sumerian Flood Myth, is a work of Sumerian religion offering a description of the story surrounding
Eridu_Genesis
Founder of the Akkadian Empire
the first ruler of the Akkadian Empire, known for his conquests of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th to 23rd centuries BC. He is sometimes identified
Sargon_of_Akkad
2024 video game
Sumerian Six is a 2024 stealth-based real-time tactics video game developed by Artificer and published by Devolver Digital. Players must infiltrate a Nazi
Sumerian_Six
1990 studio album by Tiamat
Sumerian Cry is the debut studio album from the Swedish metal band Tiamat. It was recorded at Sunlight Studio in Stockholm in 1989, when the band was known
Sumerian_Cry
Epic poem from Mesopotamia
narrative literature. The literary history of Gilgamesh begins with five Sumerian poems about Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, some of which may date to the Third
Epic_of_Gilgamesh
Historical region of West Asia
recognised as the cradle of some of the world's earliest civilizations. The Sumerians and Akkadians, each originating from different areas, dominated Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia
Flood myth in the Epic of Gilgamesh
A short reference to the flood myth is also present in the much older Sumerian Gilgamesh poems, from which the later Babylonian versions drew much of
Gilgamesh_flood_myth
Sumerian title for a ruler or prince
(cuneiform: 𒑐𒋼𒋛 pa.te.si Sumerian: ensik, "lord of the plowland"; Emesal dialect: umunsik; Akkadian: iššakkum) was a Sumerian title designating the ruler
Ensi_(Sumerian)
Archaeological culture of Mesopotamia
the ED city-states shared a relatively homogeneous material culture. Sumerian cities such as Uruk, Ur, Lagash, Umma, and Nippur located in Lower Mesopotamia
Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)
Early_Dynastic_Period_(Mesopotamia)
American comic book publisher
Sumerian Comics is an American comic book publisher based in Nashville, Tennessee. The company was founded in 2020 by Nathan Yocum and Ryan Swanson as
Sumerian_Comics
Sumerian genre of debate poems
The Sumerian disputation poem or Sumerian debate is a genre of Sumerian literature in the form of a disputation. Extant compositions from this genre date
Sumerian_disputations
Ancient Mesopotamian goddess
post-Sargonic era, she became one of the most widely venerated deities in the Sumerian pantheon, with temples across Mesopotamia. Adoration of Inanna/Ishtar was
Inanna
Jokes about someone walking into a tavern
"A man walks into a bar..." The earliest known example of a bar joke is Sumerian, appearing in the form of two slightly different versions of a proverb
Bar_joke
Historical cuisine of the people of Sumer
Sumerian cuisine encompasses the food eaten within Sumer, the earliest known civilization. The oldest known culinary recipes originates from a series of
Sumerian_cuisine
The ancient Mesopotamian underworld (known in Sumerian as Kur, Irkalla, Kukku, Arali, or Kigal, and in Akkadian as Erṣetu), was the lowermost part of the
Ancient Mesopotamian underworld
Ancient_Mesopotamian_underworld
Myth in which a great flood destroys civilization
oldest known narrative of a divinely initiated flood originates from the Sumerian culture in Mesopotamia, among others expressed in the Akkadian Atra-Hasis
Flood_myth
Land that appears in Sumerian myths
the Sumerian myths related to Enmerkar and Lugalbanda, the two early and possibly mythical kings of Uruk who are also mentioned in the Sumerian king
Aratta
Natural number
represents a single thing. The representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. Linguistically, in
1
Extinct Semitic language of Mesopotamia
the former, Sumerian significantly influenced Akkadian phonology, vocabulary and syntax. This mutual influence of Akkadian and Sumerian has also led
Akkadian_language
American film director (born 1981)
director, screenwriter, producer, and the founder and CEO of Sumerian Records and Sumerian Films. The son of director John G. Avildsen, he wrote and directed
Ash_Avildsen
2003 studio album by Septic Flesh
Sumerian Daemons is the sixth studio album by the Greek death metal band Septicflesh. It was released by Hammerheart Records in 2003. It was originally
Sumerian_Daemons
Cuneiform sign of deities and sky
Dingir ⟨𒀭⟩, usually transliterated DIĜIR (Sumerian pronunciation: [tiŋiɾ]), is a Sumerian word for 'god' or 'goddess'. Its cuneiform sign is most commonly
Dingir
Debate concerning the origins of the Sumerians
The Sumerian problem is a debate in the study of ancient Mesopotamia concerning the origins of the Sumerians and the extent to which the culture of ancient
Sumerian_problem
Ancient Mesopotamian god
rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. Enlil (Sumerian: 𒀭𒂗𒆤 dEN-LÍL), later known as Elil and Ellil, is an ancient Mesopotamian
Enlil
for "the Sumerian peace", was a time of peace during the rule of the Neo-Sumerian Empire during the 22nd and 21 centuries BC. The Sumerian Peace is traditionally
Pax_Sumerica
Western Asian architectural style
Mesopotamia), encompassing several distinct cultures, which includes Sumerians and Akkadians (Ancient Assyrians and Babylonians), spanning a period from
Architecture_of_Mesopotamia
Author of ancient astronaut books (1920–2010)
involving ancient astronauts. Sitchin attributed the creation of the ancient Sumerian culture to the Anunnaki, which he claimed was a race of extraterrestrials
Zecharia_Sitchin
Name given to a standard sequence
literary catalogues of tablets dating to Mesopotamia's Old Babylonian period. Sumerian literary catalogues were lists of literary compositions recorded by their
Decad_(Sumerian_texts)
Primeval sea in Mesopotamian mythology
marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of cuneiform script. Abzû or Apsû (Sumerian: 𒀊𒍪, lit. ab = 'water' + zû = 'deep') is the name for fresh water from
Abzu
2026 American drama film
the Golden Bear. It is scheduled to be released on November 20, 2026, by Sumerian Pictures. After eight-year-old Josephine witnesses a brutal assault in
Josephine_(2026_film)
Mesopotamian lunar god
Sin (/ˈsiːn/) or Suen (Akkadian: 𒀭𒂗𒍪, dEN.ZU) also known as Nanna (Sumerian: 𒀭𒋀𒆠 DŠEŠ.KI, DNANNA) is the Mesopotamian god representing the moon.
Sin_(mythology)
Hypothetical unclassified languages of late Neolithic Mesopotamia
The Pre-Sumerian substratum is a hypothetical unclassified language or languages which were considered by some Assyriologists (such as Samuel Noah Kramer)
Pre-Sumerian_substratum
Mesopotamian scribal institution
An eduba (Sumerian: 𒂍𒁾𒁀𒀀, romanized: e2-dub-ba-a, lit. 'house where tablets are passed out') is a scribal school for the Sumerian language. The eduba
Eduba
Ancient Amorite-Akkadian state in Mesopotamia
symbiosis occurred between Sumerian and Akkadian-speakers, which included widespread bilingualism. The influence of Sumerian on Akkadian and vice versa
Babylonia
Ancient region in what is now modern day Oman and United Arab Emirates
is now modern day Oman and United Arab Emirates. It was referred to in Sumerian cuneiform texts of around 2300 BCE and existed until 550 BCE as a source
Magan_(civilization)
Sumerian ruler and protagonist of the Epic of Gilgamesh
(/ˈɡɪlɡəmɛʃ/, /ɡɪlˈɡɑːmɛʃ/; Akkadian: 𒀭𒄑𒂆𒈦, romanized: Gilgāmeš; originally Sumerian: 𒀭𒄑𒉋𒂵𒎌, romanized: Bilgames) was a hero in ancient Mesopotamian mythology
Gilgamesh
Neo-Sumerian art c. 2112 BC – c. 2004 BC
Neo-Sumerian art is a period in the art of Mesopotamia made during the Third Dynasty of Ur or Neo-Sumerian period, c. 2112 BC – c. 2004 BC, in Southern
Neo-Sumerian_art
The Sumerian Kyngs are an eight piece British space rock band. They are best known for their pounding live performances, layered instrumentation and laser
Sumerian_Kyngs
Sumerian term for "freedom" or "manumission"
Ama-gi is a Sumerian word written 𒂼𒄄 ama-gi4 or 𒂼𒅈𒄄 ama-ar-gi4. Sumerians used it to refer to release from obligations, debt, slavery, taxation, or
Ama-gi
the worship of forces of nature as providers of sustenance. Although, Sumerian and Akkadian peoples in ancient Mesopotamia had been worshipping some form
Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion
Cover Poppy Empty Hands Metalcore, alternative metal, industrial metal Sumerian PVA No More Like This It's All for Fun Records Roc Marciano 656 Searows
List_of_2026_albums
1992 film by Peter Jackson
Braindead, released in the United States as Dead Alive, is a 1992 New Zealand zombie comedy splatter film directed by Peter Jackson, produced by Jim Booth
Braindead_(film)
Type of massive terraced structure of ancient Mesopotamia
extant Etemenanki in Babylon, Chogha Zanbil in Khūzestān and Sialk. The Sumerians believed that the gods lived in the temple at the top of the ziggurats
Ziggurat
European political entity (800/962–1806)
Nabatean Phoenician Carthaginian Roman Western Eastern Satavahana Neo-Sumerian Xianbei Rouran Post-classical Angevin Aragonese Armenian Bagratid Vaspurakan
Holy_Roman_Empire
The Sumerian economy refers to the systems of trade in ancient Mesopotamia. Sumerian city-states relied on trade due to a lack of certain materials, which
Economy_of_Sumer
B. Jenkins, Toissaint Francois Battiste, Mykelti Williamson Horsegirls Sumerian Pictures Lauren Meyering (director/screenplay); Lillian Carrier, Gretchen
List of American films of 2026
List_of_American_films_of_2026
Great demon in Mesopotamian mythology
In Sumerian and ancient Mesopotamian religion, gallûs (also called gallas; Akkadian gallû < Sumerian gal.lu) were demons or devils of the ancient Mesopotamian
Gallu
Babylonian earth goddess
Ki (Sumerian: 𒀭𒆠) was the earth goddess in Sumerian religion, chief consort of the sky god An. In some legends, Ki and An were brother and sister, being
Ki_(goddess)
Sumerian high priestess, c. 2300 BC
Enheduanna (Sumerian: 𒂗𒃶𒌌𒀭𒈾 Enḫéduanna, also transliterated as Enheduana, En-he2-du7-an-na, or variants; fl. c. 2300 BC) was the entu (high) priestess
Enheduanna
2600–2350 BC (ED III), and was followed by Akkadian (~2350–2100 BC) and Neo-Sumerian (2112–2004 BC) periods, after which Mesopotamia was most often divided
List of Mesopotamian dynasties
List_of_Mesopotamian_dynasties
American progressive rock band
"Story" (2015, Sumerian Records) "Splash" (2015, Sumerian Records) "Sleepy Tea" (2017, Sumerian Records) "Waterslide" (2017, Sumerian Records) "Nayhoo"
Chon_(band)
Archaeological site in Iraq
Eridu (Sumerian: 𒉣𒆠, romanized: NUN.KI; Sumerian: eridugki; Akkadian: irîtu) was a Sumerian city located at Tell Abu Shahrain (Arabic: تل أبو شهرين)
Eridu
Digital database of Sumerian texts
The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL) is an online digital library of texts and translations of Sumerian literature that was created
Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature
Electronic_Text_Corpus_of_Sumerian_Literature
27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilization
Nabatean Phoenician Carthaginian Roman Western Eastern Satavahana Neo-Sumerian Xianbei Rouran Post-classical Angevin Aragonese Armenian Bagratid Vaspurakan
Roman_Empire
Early Bronze Age ziggurat in present-day Iraq
Ziggurat) of Ur (Sumerian: 𒂍𒋼𒅎𒅍 é-temen-ní-gùru "Etemenniguru", meaning "house whose foundation creates terror") is a Neo-Sumerian ziggurat in what
Ziggurat_of_Ur
Dragon-like creature from Mesopotamian mythology
Mušḫuššu already appears in Sumerian religion and art, as in the "Libation vase of Gudea", dedicated to Ningishzida by the Sumerian ruler Gudea (21st century
Mušḫuššu
Sumerian proto-writing (Late Uruk period)
The Kish tablet is a limestone tablet found at the site of the ancient Sumerian city of Kish in modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babylon Governorate, Iraq. A plaster
Kish_tablet
Former empire (c. 1299–1922)
Nabatean Phoenician Carthaginian Roman Western Eastern Satavahana Neo-Sumerian Xianbei Rouran Post-classical Angevin Aragonese Armenian Bagratid Vaspurakan
Ottoman_Empire
Toponym
Edin (Sumerian: 𒀀𒇉𒂔 ÍDEDIN, 'steppe' or 'plain'; Akkadian: 𒉌𒋾𒈝 i3-ti-num2) is a toponym featured on the Gudea cylinders as a watercourse from which
Edin_(Sumerian_term)
Priests of the Sumerian goddess Inanna
The Gala (Sumerian: 𒍑𒆪, romanized: gala, Akkadian: kalû) were priests of the Sumerian goddess Inanna. They made up a significant number of the personnel
Gala_(priests)
Figure in Sumerian religion
The Mermaid (from Sumerian Kuli-ana, "fish woman", female form of kulullu) in Sumerian religion was one of the Heroes slain by Ninurta, patron god of Lagash
Mermaid_(Ninurta)
South America, and sunflowers in the Eastern Woodlands of North America. Sumerian farmers grew the cereals barley and wheat, starting to live in villages
History_of_agriculture
Successors to Sumerian civilization including the Babylonians, Assyrians, and Persians continued to use these groupings. Akkado-Sumerian metrology has
Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement
Ancient_Mesopotamian_units_of_measurement
Sumerian term for rulers
Lugal (Sumerian: 𒈗) is the Sumerian term for "king, ruler". Literally, the term means "big man". In Sumerian, lú "𒇽" is "man" and gal "𒃲" is "great"
Lugal
Dictionary of the Sumerian language
The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary (PSD) is a project to compile a comprehensive dictionary of the Sumerian language. It is run out of the University
Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary
Pennsylvania_Sumerian_Dictionary
Clay tablet in Mesopotamian mythology
In Mesopotamian mythology, the Tablet of Destinies (Sumerian: 𒁾𒉆𒋻𒊏 dub namtarra; Akkadian: ṭup šīmātu, ṭuppi šīmāti) was envisaged as a clay tablet
Tablet_of_Destinies
King of Lagash
Eannatum (Sumerian: 𒂍𒀭𒈾𒁺 É.AN.NA-tum2; fl. c. 2450 BC) was a Sumerian Ensi (ruler or king) of Lagash. He established one of the first verifiable empires
Eannatum
6]". Gematsu. Retrieved June 5, 2026. Romano, Sal (February 3, 2026). "Sumerian Six coming to PS5, Xbox Series on March 6". Gematsu. Retrieved February
List of video games released in 2026
List_of_video_games_released_in_2026
Sumerian goddess
Ma is a Sumerian word meaning "land" that in Sumerian mythology was also used to regard Primordial Land. There seems to be some loss in records as to
Ma_(Sumerian_mythology)
Masculine Akkadian word for evil spirits
A lilu or lilû (Sumerian: líl-lá(-en-na), lú-líl-lá) is the masculine Akkadian word for a spirit or demon. A female lilû was called a lilītu (munus-líl-lá
Lilu_(mythology)
Ancient city of Sumer and Babylonia
world at the time. Gilgamesh, according to the chronology presented in the Sumerian King List (SKL), ruled Uruk in the 27th century BC. After the end of the
Uruk
Type of conflict
predominantly consisted of small-scale conflicts between nearby city-states. Sumerian armies consisted of bronze-armoured soldiers armed with various weapons
Warfare_in_Sumer
King of Shuruppak (c. 2900 BC)
Ξίσουθρος, romanized: Xísouthros) of Shuruppak is listed in the WB-62 Sumerian King List recension as the last king of Sumer prior to the Great Flood
Ziusudra
The Strong Copper (from Sumerian urud niĝ kalag-ga) in Sumerian religion was one of the valuable items seized by Ninurta, the patron god of Lagash in
Strong_copper
Sumerian myth
of Ishtar into the Underworld) or Angalta ("From the Great Sky") is a Sumerian myth that narrates the descent of the goddess Inanna into the Underworld
Descent of Inanna into the Underworld
Descent_of_Inanna_into_the_Underworld
American metal band
drummer Nick Folio. Their debut self-titled album was released in 2016 under Sumerian Records. Their second studio album, Finding God Before God Finds Me, was
Bad_Omens
Unicode character block
published by the Unicode Consortium show the characters in their Classical Sumerian form (Early Dynastic period, mid 3rd millennium BCE). The characters as
Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation
Cuneiform_Numbers_and_Punctuation
Numeral system
numerals of Semitic languages rather than Sumerian lexical numbers. However, the use of a special Sumerian sign for 60 (beside two Semitic signs for the
Babylonian_cuneiform_numerals
between heaven and earth was inhabited by Enlil, the king of the gods in Sumerian mythology. Below the ground was the cosmic ocean, and this was believed
Ancient Near Eastern cosmology
Ancient_Near_Eastern_cosmology
People of ancient west Asia
disappeared during the Bronze Age. Their homeland was known as Gutium (Sumerian: 𒄖𒌅𒌝𒆠, GutūmKI or 𒄖𒋾𒌝𒆠, GutiumKI). Conflict between people from
Gutians
Sumerian name given to the laws of the gods
In Mesopotamian culture, Me (𒈨; Sumerian: me; Akkadian: parṣu) are rituals that were considered to be the property of the gods. During the performance
Me_(mythology)
List of demons by name
American,[clarification needed] Persian, Phoenician, Roman, Slavic, Semitic, Sumerian, Zoroastrian Contents Top A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W
List_of_theological_demons
Hero in Sumerian mythology
The Dragon (Sumerian: Ušum or Ushum) was one of the warriors slain by Ninurta, patron god of Lagash, in Sumerian religion. Its body was hung on the seat
Dragon_(Ninurta)
German state from 1933 to 1945
Nabatean Phoenician Carthaginian Roman Western Eastern Satavahana Neo-Sumerian Xianbei Rouran Post-classical Angevin Aragonese Armenian Bagratid Vaspurakan
Nazi_Germany
American singer-songwriter
releasing 3 EPs and several singles and music videos, before signing with Sumerian Records in 2019. On April 16, 2016, Simms married Black Veil Brides frontman
Juliet_Simms
Prominent trading partner of Sumer during the Middle Bronze Age
Meluhha 𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 Meluḫḫa or Melukhkha (Sumerian: 𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 Me-luḫ-ḫaKI) is the Sumerian name of a prominent trading partner of Sumer during the Middle
Meluhha
Continuation of the Roman Empire (330–1453)
Nabatean Phoenician Carthaginian Roman Western Eastern Satavahana Neo-Sumerian Xianbei Rouran Post-classical Angevin Aragonese Armenian Bagratid Vaspurakan
Byzantine_Empire
American Assyriologist (1897–1990)
was one of the world's leading Assyriologists, an expert in Sumerian history and Sumerian language. After high school, he attended Temple University,
Samuel_Noah_Kramer
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