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Phosphorus containing fertiliser
Superphosphate is a chemical fertiliser first synthesised in the 1840s by reacting bones with sulfuric acid. The process was subsequently improved by reacting
Superphosphate
Substance added to soil to enhance plant growth
Triple superphosphate (TSP) typically consists of 44–48% of P2O5 and no gypsum. A mixture of single superphosphate and triple superphosphate is called
Fertilizer
Chemical compound
Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O. Both salts are colourless solids. They are used mainly as superphosphate fertilizers and are also popular leavening agents. Material of relatively
Monocalcium_phosphate
Irish physician
out patents covering superphosphate fertiliser on 23 May 1842. On the same day John Bennet Lawes also took out a superphosphate patent. Murray was judged
James_Murray_(physician)
2010s protests and revolutions in the Arab world
Fertilizer prices DAP Potassium chloride Phosphorite Triple Superphosphate Urea
Arab_Spring
Australian chemical and fertiliser manufacturer founded in 1872
sulphuric acid producer and later became a significant manufacturer of superphosphate used in Australian agriculture. Its operations and interests extended
Cuming,_Smith_&_Co.
1815 battle of the Waterloo campaign
which was much in demand as a fertiliser before the discovery of superphosphates in the 1840s. Bernard Wilkin and Robin Schäfer, supported by the British
Battle_of_Waterloo
Company based in Western Australia
Australia to manufacture superphosphate. In 1927, Cuming Smith, Mount Lyell Mining & Railway Company and Westralian Farmers Superphosphates established a new
CSBP
Pharmaceutical company in New Zealand
first in the country to combine sulphuric acid and bone dust to produce superphosphate. The Burnside Chemical Works in Dunedin was the first of its type in
Kempthorne_Prosser
NPK and other labeling conventions for fertilizer
nitrate 0-17-0 to 0-22-0 Superphosphate (Monocalcium phosphate monohydrate with gypsum) 0-44-0 to 0-52-0 Triple superphosphate (Monocalcium phosphate monohydrate)
Labeling_of_fertilizer
agricultural economy since the late nineteenth century. The introduction of superphosphate fertiliser in the 1870s enabled productive cropping on nutrient-poor
Fertiliser industry in Australia
Fertiliser_industry_in_Australia
Former Victorian fertiliser co-operative, merged into Incitec Pivot in 2003
ensure reliable supply. Operating as a co-operative, it distributed superphosphate and other fertiliser products to its members at competitive rates. Over
Pivot_(company)
Australian subsidiary of Nobel Industries
and construction, and manufacturing acids and fertilisers (including superphosphate) for agriculture. Contemporary press frequently referred to the company—and
Nobel_(Australia)
Chemical element with atomic number 15 (P)
eventually overtaken with the discovery of methods of production of superphosphate. Early matches used white phosphorus in their composition, and were
Phosphorus
Worldwide economic crisis
Fertilizer prices DAP Potassium chloride Phosphorite Triple Superphosphate Urea
2008_financial_crisis
Species of flowering plant
higher yields. A study found that when applying tithonia with triple superphosphate (TSP) that the yields increased by 220% compared to a control test containing
Tithonia_diversifolia
Species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae
Fertilizer Nitrogen: not necessary Phosphorus: often limiting, US: Superphosphate 200–250 kg/ha Plant Protection Weeding: young guar plant development
Guar
1870–1914 electrical and chemical era
fertilizer plants at Bramford, and Snape in the 1850s. By the 1870s superphosphates produced in those factories were being shipped around the world from
Second_Industrial_Revolution
Spreading of fertilisers over farmland using aircraft
The possibility of using aircraft was soon investigated. Spreading superphosphate by agricultural aircraft was independently suggested in 1926 by two
Aerial_topdressing
Terrestrial invertebrate, order Opisthopora
Australia, changes in farming practices such as the application of superphosphates on pastures and a switch from pastoral farming to arable farming had
Earthworm
Fertilizer prices 1992-2022. DAP Potassium chloride Phosphorite Triple Superphosphate Urea
2010–2012 world food price crisis
2010–2012_world_food_price_crisis
Victorian fertiliser and chemical-manure manufacturer (c.1880s–1929)
was a local competitor to Cuming, Smith & Co. and other suppliers of superphosphate and acid for agricultural markets. It maintained manufacturing operations
Wischer_&_Co.
English entrepreneur and scientist (1814–1900)
Manor that eventually became Rothamsted Research, where he developed a superphosphate that would mark the beginnings of the chemical fertilizer industry.[citation
John_Bennet_Lawes
Agricultural association
organizations. IFA was founded in 1927 in London as the International Superphosphate Manufacturers Association. IFA has consultative status with various
International Fertilizer Association
International_Fertilizer_Association
Earth, a natural material
state to be absorbed by plants. Their investigations also produced the superphosphate, consisting in the acid treatment of phosphate rock. This led to the
Soil
Government-owned fertilizer company in Bangladesh
Phosphate (TSP) fertilizer and from 1990 is started producing Single superphosphate fertilizer also. The fertilizer complex is located Karnaphuli river
Triple Super Phosphate Complex Limited
Triple_Super_Phosphate_Complex_Limited
largest manufacturer of superphosphates in the U.S., using fish and the Charleston phosphate for the manufacture of their superphosphate, the "Soluble Pacific
Pacific_Guano_Company
Species of plant
fertilization can have a beneficial effect. For example, the application of superphosphate can improve the yield of the Bambara groundnut. Moreover, fertilization
Vigna_subterranea
Site in Columbia, SC cleared of arsenic contamination
South Carolina. From 1902 to c. 1935, lead and arsenic associated with superphosphate fertilizer production accumulated in a pond north of the factory. After
Royster_Guano_Superfund_site
Former South Australian chemical and fertiliser manufacturer
Burns Cuming, the works manufactured sulphuric acid and, from mid-1884, superphosphate for South Australian agriculture; a second works was erected at Port
Adelaide_Chemical_Works
create superphosphates, which were shipped around the world from the port at Ipswich. By 1871 there were about 80 factories making superphosphate.[where
History_of_fertilizer
Material formed from calcination of bones
to form triple superphosphate, a more concentrated phosphorus fertilizer which excludes the gypsum content found in single superphosphate: Ca3(PO4)2 + 4
Bone_ash
Indian liquor company
plant and a fully automatic bottling line. It also balanced its Single Superphosphate (SSP) plant by putting equipment like a ball mill and a scrubbing system
Radico_Khaitan
Air-launched cruise missile
and turbines. This plant was targeted because it powered the Al-Qa'im superphosphate fertilizer plant (nicknamed 'Big Al'), known to produce yellowcake for
AGM-84E Standoff Land Attack Missile
AGM-84E_Standoff_Land_Attack_Missile
Industry (branch), which is engaged in the manufacturing of chemical products
1840s he established large works near London for the manufacture of superphosphate of lime. Processes for the vulcanization of rubber were patented by
Chemical_industry
the formerly German-ruled island of Nauru, giving access to its rich superphosphate reserves. Australia argued successfully against a Japanese proposal
History_of_Australia
Food complying with organic farming standards
used as "organic", because they contain carbon compounds, whereas superphosphates and Haber process nitrogen do not. Their respective use affects humus
Organic_food
German chemist (1825–1909)
habilitation thesis "On the manufacture of the artificial manure known as superphosphate" contained a description of several crystalline substances which greatly
Emil_Erlenmeyer
Chemical compound
Drugs, 9th ed. monograph 8775 "The Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid and Superphosphate" (PDF). Chemical Processes in New Zealand. Archived from the original
Sulfur_trioxide
Former Australian fertiliser company
Fertilizers Ltd which had formed in 1920 in NSW and taken over the Single Superphosphate operations of the Elliot brothers (1862). By the late 20th century it
Incitec_Fertilisers
Chemical compound (H2SO4)
produced amount (≈60%) was consumed for fertilizers, particularly Superphosphates, ammonium phosphate and Ammonium sulfates. About 20% is used in chemical
Sulfuric_acid
Soil type
agriculture without the aid of lime and other fertilizers, such as superphosphate. They can be easily exhausted, and require more careful management than
Ultisol
City in Absheron-Khizi, Azerbaijan
in the city are Azerpipe, Azeraluminium, Sumgait Aluminium, Sumgait Superphosphate, glass producer Khazar OJSC, Sumgait Knitted Goods Factory, and Sumgait
Sumgait
Region of Victoria, Australia
support wheat and barley growing as a result of the development of superphosphate and other fertilisers. In the west, the soils are unconsolidated sands
Mallee_(region_of_Victoria)
New Zealand agricultural aircraft
excellent forward view and very high drag, beneath it was room for a superphosphate hopper or up to 5 people in a cabin. The strangeness was completed by
Bennett_Airtruck
Class of chemical species; phosphorus oxoacids and their deprotonated derivatives
Organophosphate Phosphonic acid Phosphoramidate Ribonucleoside monophosphate Superphosphate Harwood, Laurence M.; Hodgkinson, Leslie C.; Sutherland, James K.; Towers
Phosphoric acids and phosphates
Phosphoric_acids_and_phosphates
Ionic compound (NaF)
fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F) from phosphate rock during the production of superphosphate fertilizer. Neutralizing agents include sodium hydroxide and sodium
Sodium_fluoride
Australian chemical manufacturer and local politician
Adelaide Chemical Works in 1882 and helped establish South Australia’s superphosphate industry. He served as a councillor and mayor of Thebarton (1893–94;
Robert_Burns_Cuming
Niobium mine in Eastern, Uganda
Industrial Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited (TICAF), producing single superphosphate (SSP) before closing in 1977 during Uganda’s economic and political
Sukulu_mine
Defunct train station in Auckland, New Zealand
Co. Ltd..[citation needed] Products included Westfield Manures and superphosphate fertilizer. By 1901 a private siding had been established at the Westfield
Westfield_railway_station
Grove invents the first fuel cell. 1842: John Bennet Lawes invents superphosphate, the first man-made fertilizer. 1844: Friedrich Gottlob Keller and,
Timeline of historic inventions
Timeline_of_historic_inventions
Japanese chemical company
its first manufacturing plant in Kōtō, and in 1888, started producing superphosphate. The company was renamed to "Dainippon Jinzo Hiryo" (Dai Nippon Artificial
Nissan_Chemical_Corporation
Chemical plant in Sumy, Ukraine
Company "Sumykhimprom" Native name ПАТ «Сумихімпром» Formerly Sumy Superphosphate Plant (1954-1964), Sumy Chemical Plant (1964-1975), PA Sumy Khimprom
Sumykhimprom
Worldwide crisis affected by shortage of energy supplies
The 2007–2008 world food crisis happened when fertilizer prices spiked then. DAP Potassium chloride Phosphorite Triple Superphosphate Urea
2020s_energy_crisis
Nigerian politician and general
out of Adamawa. In June 2009 he was chairman of the board of Federal Superphosphate Fertilizer Company, Kaduna. Sen Luka Gwom Zangabadt (1993). Plateau
Aliyu_Kama
Town in Western Australia
1890, the soil in the district was found to be phosphate deficient, so superphosphate was introduced to the pastures. Other additives were introduced in the
Myalup,_Western_Australia
Around the early 1960s, there was a shortage of wagons for carrying superphosphate. Due to the lack of alternatives, even with over 24,000 wagons running
Victorian Railways livestock transport
Victorian_Railways_livestock_transport
until a fire there in around 1954, AACC operated a facility producing superphosphate in Cayce, South Carolina, with a fertilizer storage building, acid chamber
American Agricultural Chemical Company
American_Agricultural_Chemical_Company
Nigerian administrator
federal civil service as secretary of the newly established Federal Superphosphate Fertilizer Company, Kaduna. In 1976, he returned to the North Central
Aliyu_Mohammed_(official)
Island in the South China Sea
Protection Act". Its surroundings are highly phosphatized such that superphosphate materials can be mined out on a small-scale basis. Near the fringes
Nanshan_Island
1930s British military trainer aircraft
this role, the front seat was commonly replaced with a hopper to hold superphosphate for aerial topdressing. A large number were also used to deploy insecticide
De_Havilland_Tiger_Moth
Formulas for soil-based growing media
part sharp sand With amendments of: 0.6 g/L ground limestone 1.2 g/L superphosphate The potting mixes are used to grow different types of plants depending
John_Innes_compost
Tributary of the East River in New York City
substance which was sold to companies that used it as an ingredient in superphosphate fertilizer. These businesses, which built factories close to the source
Newtown_Creek
artificial selection pioneered by Robert Bakewell (1725–1795). 1842: Superphosphate or chemical fertilizer developed by John Bennet Lawes (1814–1900). 1850s:
List of English inventions and discoveries
List_of_English_inventions_and_discoveries
New Zealand agricultural aircraft
roles not explored by the Fletcher. Although used primarily to spread superphosphate fertiliser, the Cresco is also used in the utility role, especially
PAC_Cresco
Scottish-born Australian chemist, industrialist and civic leader (1835–1911)
Cuming, Smith & Co., which became a major producer of sulphuric acid and superphosphate for Victorian agriculture. He served two terms as mayor of Footscray
James Cuming (chemist, born 1835)
James_Cuming_(chemist,_born_1835)
from the process that produces double superphosphate;[why?] most phosphate is processed into normal superphosphate, a process not amenable to uranium recovery
Phosphate mining in the United States
Phosphate_mining_in_the_United_States
Class of chemical compounds
Phosphoric acid Phosphoric acids and phosphates RNA Sodium pyrophosphate Superphosphate Thiamine pyrophosphate Tooth Zinc pyrophosphate Yadav, Prerna; Blacque
Pyrophosphate
City in West Bengal, India
facilities for manufacturing Sulphuric Acid and Single Superphosphate. We are marketing the Single Superphosphate under our Brand “Annapurna”.. Barrackpore Trunk
Titagarh
Artificial channel near Mandurah, Western Australia
increasingly degraded and farmers began to use excessive amounts of superphosphate to compensate for the loss of soil nutrients. In the early 1970s, several
Dawesville_Channel
British multinational company
was established by Edward Packard, one of the first to manufacture superphosphate derived from coprolites, in 1843. In 1863 he was joined in business
Fisons
Place in Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
"Proreden") operated here. In 1883 a ceresine plant ("Strem") and in 1899 a superphosphate plant were established. The bishop of Kielce Augustyn Łosiński (1867–1937)
Strzemieszyce_Wielkie
Sedimentary rock containing large amounts of phosphate minerals
Phosphoric acid is reacted with phosphate rock to make the fertilizer triple superphosphate or with anhydrous ammonia to produce the ammonium phosphate fertilizers
Phosphorite
Australian industrial chemist and business leader (1861–1920)
later chaired Cuming, Smith & Co. during its expansion into large-scale superphosphate production from imported rock, helped organise price-and-marketing compacts
James_Cuming_Jr.
surface-to-air missile S-25 Berkut John Bennet Lawes (1814–1900), UK – superphosphate or chemical fertilizer Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901–1958), U.S. – Cyclotron
List_of_inventors
Fertilizer prices DAP Potassium chloride Phosphorite Triple Superphosphate Urea
Humanitarian impact of the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
Humanitarian_impact_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)
Region in Victoria, Australia
sand dunes that were too infertile for productive farming even with superphosphate and trace elements. Australia portal Geography of Victoria Regions of
Wimmera Southern Mallee (region)
Wimmera_Southern_Mallee_(region)
Russian chemical company
manufacture with their help of explosives. Since 1920 the factory produces superphosphate. In 1941, the plant began producing “KS”—an anti-tank, self-igniting
Korund
Company Republic of Nauru Phosphate Corporation Rail transport in Nauru Superphosphate Maslyn Williams & Barrie Macdonald (1985). The Phosphateers. Melbourne
Phosphate mining in Banaba and Nauru
Phosphate_mining_in_Banaba_and_Nauru
tree. The fertilizers used on Cacao include ammonium sulfate, Single superphosphate, potassium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate. Cacao pods are harvested
Chocolate industry in the Philippines
Chocolate_industry_in_the_Philippines
Rural township in South Australia
the paying freight handled at the terminus. Along the line, grain and superphosphate lingered on, together with some general freight, until 1971, when the
Wanbi,_South_Australia
Swedish politician (1836–1916)
of the company Skånska superfosfat- og svafvelsyrefabrik AB (Skåne Superphosphate and Sulfuric Acid Factory, now part of Kemira), also in Helsingborg
Nils_Persson_(industrialist)
Gas-liquid contactor
tail-gas exhaust in manufacturing hydrochloric acid. In the production of superphosphate used in manufacturing fertilizer, SiF4 and HF gases are vented from
Spray_tower
Former railway line in Victoria, Australia
freight transported beyond Leongatha as the once or at times twice weekly superphosphate goods freight trains serving nearby farming communities and townships
Barry_Beach_railway_line
Chemical compound
neutralizing waste hydrogen fluoride, which results from the production of superphosphate fertilizers. Typical bases are sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide
Sodium_bifluoride
Species of plant
shown, however, that substantial application of different nitrogen and superphosphate-based fertilisers can result in satisfactory growth control for more
Ptilotus_exaltatus
Town in Western Australia
state government, in the 1960s following the discovery that adding superphosphate fertilisers containing trace elements to the poor soils made them suitable
Esperance,_Western_Australia
Swiss pharmaceutical company
Schweizerhall in Basel. A first branch was established at Saint-Louis in 1892, superphosphate production began at Schweizerhalle in 1895, and a factory was built
Acino_International
Town in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia
Adelaide for the production of sulphuric acid, used for manufacturing superphosphate fertiliser. Oxidation of pyrite in waste dumps and the exposed quarry
Brukunga
Freighter that sank near Tasmania in 1973
Currie on King Island, located in Bass Strait. Its cargo comprised superphosphate fertilizer, believed to be in stacked bags on pallets, and a ton of
MV_Blythe_Star
Former Australian fertiliser company, acquired by Incitec Pivot in 2006
Pivot) Fate Acquired Successor Incitec Pivot Headquarters Mount Isa, Queensland , Australia Products Ammonium phosphate, superphosphate, fertiliser blends
Southern_Cross_Fertilisers
Partially closed railway line in Victoria
the section from Welshpool to Yarram closed on 26 October 1987, when superphosphate freight services ceased. From then until 30 June 1992, the track beyond
South_Gippsland_railway_line
Town in Constanța, Romania
communist regime as part of the industrialization program. In 1957, the superphosphate and sulfuric acid plant, also known as USAS (Uzina de Superfosfat și
Năvodari
Suburb of Lockyer Valley Region, Queensland, Australia
England and promoted the use of artificial fertilizers and particularly superphosphate. Lake Galletly and Lake Lenor were constructed in 1980 as a habitat
Lawes,_Queensland
Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
the Footscray–Yarraville riverfront, the Cuming, Smith & Co. acid and superphosphate works at Yarraville and a second acid-fertiliser plant established by
Footscray,_Victoria
Former mining and railway company of Queenstown, Tasmania
mining, the company operated chemical works producing sulphuric acid and superphosphate. In Victoria it established works at Yarraville by 1905, and in Western
Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company
Mount_Lyell_Mining_and_Railway_Company
and Banaba (then known as Ocean Island) that were refined to create superphosphate. Whibley appears to be one of those Europeans who chose to live on an
Fred_Whibley
patents his design produced the prior year for an electric clock. 1842 Superphosphate, the first chemical fertiliser, is patented by John Bennet Lawes.[citation
List of British innovations and discoveries
List_of_British_innovations_and_discoveries
Water Plant Hua County, Shaanxi Lianhuasi Produces Lianshi calcium superphosphate Malan Prison Malan Prison Farm Xunyi County, Xianyang 1952 300 inmates
List_of_prisons_in_Shaanxi
English entrepreneur (1841–1919)
Islands, on which guano was mined for refining into the fertiliser superphosphate. He took an interest in the potential of the fertiliser business and
John_T._Arundel
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