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Standard surface gravity
The surface gravity, g, of an astronomical object is the gravitational acceleration experienced at its surface at the equator, including the effects of
Surface_gravity
Wave where gravity is the main restoring force
wave orbit. Gravity waves on an air–sea interface of the ocean are called surface gravity waves (a type of surface wave), while gravity waves that are
Gravity_wave
in newtons per kilogram (N/kg or N·kg−1). Near Earth's surface, the acceleration due to gravity, accurate to 2 significant figures, is 9.8 m/s2 (32 ft/s2)
Gravity_of_Earth
Attraction of masses and energy
framework (a theory of everything). On the surface of a planetary body such as on Earth, the force of gravity operates towards the center of the body and
Gravity
radius and mass and, for the most massive objects, volume, density, and surface gravity, if these values are available. These lists contain the Sun, the planets
List of Solar System objects by size
List_of_Solar_System_objects_by_size
Gravitational force exerted by the planet Mars
The gravity of Mars is a natural phenomenon, due to the law of gravity, or gravitation, by which all things with mass around the planet Mars are brought
Gravity_of_Mars
Third planet from the Sun
aurora. The gravity of Earth is the acceleration that is imparted to objects due to the distribution of mass within Earth. Near Earth's surface, gravitational
Earth
Type of star that is massive and luminous
spectra, with distinctive lines sensitive to high luminosity and low surface gravity. In 1897, Antonia C. Maury had divided stars based on the widths of
Supergiant
Difference between ideal and observed gravitational acceleration at a location
The gravity anomaly at a location on the Earth's surface is the difference between the observed value of gravity and the value predicted by a theoretical
Gravity_anomaly
Compact astronomical body
A black hole is an astronomical body so compact that its gravity prevents anything, including light, from escaping. Albert Einstein's theory of general
Black_hole
Dispersion of waves on a water surface
propagating on the water surface, with gravity and surface tension as the restoring forces. As a result, water with a free surface is generally considered
Dispersion_(water_waves)
Fourth planet from the Sun
ice caps (with seasonal CO2 snow), but no bodies of liquid surface water. Its surface gravity is roughly a third of Earth's or double that of the Moon.
Mars
Geodetic reference system
depends on the local gravity field (see physical geodesy). As a result, the elevations in the data are referenced to the geoid, a surface that is not readily
World_Geodetic_System
Single yellow-hued star in the constellation Cetus
the surface pressure of the star, which in turn is determined by the temperature and surface gravity. This technique was used to determine the surface gravity
Tau_Ceti
Large self-illuminated object in space
A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by self-gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked
Star
Largest moon of Jupiter
Titan, it is larger than the planet Mercury, but has somewhat less surface gravity than Mercury, Io, or Earth's Moon due to its lower density compared
Ganymede_(moon)
Classification of stars based on spectral properties
letter beta (β) for intermediate surface gravity and gamma (γ) for low surface gravity. Indication for low surface gravity are weak CaH, KI and NaI lines
Stellar_classification
Process of energy transfer to an object via force application through displacement
forces, gravity results in a constant downward acceleration of every freely moving object. Near Earth's surface the acceleration due to gravity is g =
Work_(physics)
Substellar object
letter beta (β) for intermediate surface gravity or gamma (γ) for low surface gravity. Indicators of low surface gravity include weak CaH, K I and Na I
Brown_dwarf
Measurement of the strength of a gravitational field
is defined as approximately equal to the acceleration due to gravity at the Earth's surface, although the actual acceleration varies slightly by location
Gravimetry
Natural satellite orbiting Earth
the largest and most massive in relation to its parent planet. Its surface gravity is about one-sixth of Earth's, about half that of Mars, and the second-highest
Moon
Theorem about gravity
Clairaut's theorem characterizes the surface gravity on a viscous rotating ellipsoid in hydrostatic equilibrium under the action of its gravitational
Clairaut's_theorem_(gravity)
First planet from the Sun
rocky planet with a trace atmosphere and a surface gravity slightly higher than that of Mars. The surface of Mercury is similar to Earth's Moon, being
Mercury_(planet)
Second-largest moon of Jupiter
83 g/cm3, the lowest density and surface gravity of Jupiter's major moons. Compounds detected spectroscopically on the surface include water ice, carbon dioxide
Callisto_(moon)
Earth-size exoplanet orbiting TRAPPIST-1
692 M🜨, or about 15% less massive than Venus. TRAPPIST-1e has 82% the surface gravity of Earth, the third lowest in the system. Its radius and mass are also
TRAPPIST-1e
Sixth planet from the Sun
effective surface gravity along the equator, 8.96 m/s2 (29.4 ft/s2), is 74% of what it is at the poles and is lower than the surface gravity of Earth.
Saturn
Concept in general relativity and quantum field theory
hole horizon area and replacing temperature with black hole horizon surface gravity. Having temperature implies that a black hole must emit radiation,
Black_hole_thermodynamics
Nearest star to the Solar System
measured surface gravity of Proxima Centauri, given as the base-10 logarithm of the acceleration in units of cgs, is 5.20. This is 162 times the surface gravity
Proxima_Centauri
Innermost Galilean moon of Jupiter
satellite in the Solar System, has the highest density and strongest surface gravity of any natural satellite, and the lowest amount of water by atomic
Io_(moon)
Astronomical phenomenon
higher surface gravity, and thus higher temperature and pressure is needed to maintain hydrostatic equilibrium. Thus, the poles are "gravity brightened"
Gravity_darkening
Use of circular rotational force to mimic gravity
Artificial gravity is the creation of an inertial force that mimics the effects of a gravitational force, usually by rotation. Artificial gravity, or rotational
Artificial_gravity
Largest dwarf planet
Moon (0.22% that of Earth). Its surface area is 1.774443×107 km2, or slightly bigger than Russia. Its surface gravity is 0.063 g (compared to 1 g for
Pluto
due to gravity on the surface of the Moon is approximately 1.625 m/s2, about 16.6% that on Earth's surface or 0.166 ɡ. Over the entire surface, the variation
Gravitation_of_the_Moon
Brightest star in Earth's night sky
elements, with the materials segregated by mass because of the high surface gravity. The outer atmosphere of Sirius B is now almost pure hydrogen—the element
Sirius
Smallest Galilean moon of Jupiter
the surface and starts another ballistic arc. Molecular hydrogen never reaches the surface, as it is light enough to escape Europa's surface gravity. Europa
Europa_(moon)
Stars with a supergiant luminosity class with a spectral type of K or M
This system uses certain diagnostic spectral lines to estimate the surface gravity of a star, hence determining its size relative to its mass. Larger
Red_supergiant
Young sun-like star in the constellation Centaurus
of the Sun. V1400 Centauri has an estimated surface gravity of about 200 m/s2 (over 20 times the gravity of Earth), based on Gaia measurements of the
V1400_Centauri
Concept in celestial mechanics
67×10−11 m3⋅kg−1⋅s−2) g = GM/d2 is the local gravitational acceleration (or the surface gravity, when d = r). The value GM is called the standard gravitational parameter
Escape_velocity
Directional planes
surface is horizontal if its tangent planes are everywhere perpendicular to the gravity vector at the tangent point or, equivalently, if the surface normal
Vertical_and_horizontal
Restatement of Newton's law of universal gravitation
the flux (surface integral) of the gravitational field over any closed surface is proportional to the mass enclosed. Gauss's law for gravity is often more
Gauss's_law_for_gravity
Proposed concepts for the human colonization of Titan
growing food. Titan has a surface gravity of 0.138 g, slightly less than the Moon. Managing long-term effects of low gravity on human health would therefore
Colonization_of_Titan
Proposed type of space transportation system
icarus.2016.08.011. Calculated based on known parameters: Surface area: 4πr2 Surface gravity: GM/r2 Escape velocity: √2GM/r Rotation velocity: rotation
Space_elevator
Taurus Brightest Star
effective temperature of Aldebaran's photosphere is 3,900 K. It has a surface gravity of 1.45 cgs, typical for a giant star, but around 35 times lower than
Aldebaran
Centimeter–gram–second unit of acceleration
Earth's gravity at its surface is 976 to 983 Gal, the variation being due mainly to differences in latitude and elevation. Standard gravity is 980.665
Gal_(unit)
Super-Earth exoplanet orbiting Kepler-452
Kepler-452b has a probable mass five times that of Earth, and its surface gravity is nearly twice as much as Earth's, though calculations of mass for
Kepler-452b
Model of gravity using another physical system
drawing parallels to black hole physics. Specifically, the use of surface gravity water waves has enabled the observation of logarithmic phase singularities
Analog_models_of_gravity
Illusion in which objects appear to roll uphill
A gravity hill, also known as a magnetic hill, mystery hill, mystery spot, gravity road, or anti-gravity hill, is a place where the layout of the surrounding
Gravity_hill
Exoplanet orbiting the star Gliese 504
study obtained a mass of 25.2+8.4 −6.0 MJ based on their retrieved surface gravity and radius from atmospheric retrievals, in good agreement with the
Gliese_504_b
Dwarf planet in the asteroid belt
2015. Dawn found Ceres's surface to be a mixture of water, ice, and hydrated minerals such as carbonates and clay. Gravity data suggest Ceres to be partially
Ceres_(dwarf_planet)
Fluid dynamics theory on gravity waves
theory) gives a linearised description of the propagation of gravity waves on the surface of a homogeneous fluid layer. The theory assumes that the fluid
Airy_wave_theory
Nonlinear and periodic surface wave on an inviscid fluid layer of constant mean depth
The examples below describe Stokes waves under the action of gravity (without surface tension effects) in case of pure wave motion, so without an ambient
Stokes_wave
Surface waves generated by wind on open water
Wind waves in the ocean are also called ocean surface waves and are mainly gravity waves, where gravity is the main equilibrium force. Wind waves have
Wind_wave
Space suit used in Apollo and Skylab missions
81.6 kg (180 lb), and under lunar surface gravity a weight equivalent to 13.6 kg (30 lb). The low surface gravity and suit pressurization put considerable
Apollo/Skylab_spacesuit
Form of electric spacecraft propulsion
to achieve initial liftoff from any celestial body with significant surface gravity. For these reasons, spacecraft must rely on other methods such as conventional
Ion_thruster
Study of the structure and dynamics of the Sun through its oscillation
Additionally, there can be similar gravity modes confined to the convectively stable atmosphere. Surface gravity waves are analogous to waves in deep
Helioseismology
Layer of gases surrounding an astronomical body held by gravity
layer of gases that envelop an astronomical object, held in place by the gravity of the object. The name originates from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós) 'vapour
Atmosphere
Dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt
mass and average diameter, its average surface gravity is about 0.35 m/s2 (about 3.6% Earth gravity) and its surface escape velocity is about 0.71 km/s.
Makemake
Brown dwarf in the constellation Hydra
measurements of the surface gravity and radius of the brown dwarf. One 2024 study obtained two values of 103.93 and 104.03 cgs for the surface gravity from two different
WISE_0855−0714
1980 hard science fiction novel by Robert L. Forward
Robert L. Forward. In the story, Dragon's Egg is a neutron star with a surface gravity 67 billion times that of Earth, and inhabited by cheela, intelligent
Dragon's_Egg
Brightest star in the constellation Leo
results in so-called gravity darkening: the photosphere at Regulus's poles is considerably hotter, and five times brighter per unit surface area, than its equatorial
Regulus
17th episode of the 1st series of Space: 1999
lunar surface. When the mist clears, the Alphans are astonished to find that the Moon has gained an Earth-like atmosphere and surface gravity. All probes
The_Last_Sunset_(Space:_1999)
Largest natural satellite of Pluto
Charon's surface. Charon's relatively low gravity, due to its low mass, causes any atmosphere that might be present to rapidly escape the surface into space
Charon_(moon)
Spacecraft launch or descent maneuver
lightest at the surface while a spacecraft being launched is heaviest at the surface. A computer program called Lander that simulated gravity turn landings
Gravity_turn
Standard gravitational acceleration on Earth
acceleration. The acceleration of a body near the surface of the Earth is due to the combined effects of gravity and centrifugal acceleration from the rotation
Standard_gravity
Star system in the constellation of Indus
three-fourths the mass of the Sun and 71% of the Sun's radius. Its surface gravity is slightly higher than the Sun's. The metallicity of a star is the
Epsilon_Indi
Scatter plot of stars showing the relationship of luminosity to stellar classification
diagram. This presents the logarithm of the surface gravity (log g) on the y-axis, and the effective surface temperature (Teff) on the x-axis. In the spectroscopic
Hertzsprung–Russell_diagram
Wolf–Rayet star in the constellation Dorado
away from the surface more strongly than gravity can retain it. Mass loss is largest for high-luminosity stars with low surface gravity and enhanced levels
R136a1
Second-largest moon of Saturn
present on Rhea, potentially another result of the moon's low surface gravity. Its surface can be divided into two geologically different areas based on
Rhea_(moon)
Space navigation technique
A gravity assist, gravity assist maneuver, swing-by, or generally a gravitational slingshot in orbital mechanics, is a type of spaceflight flyby which
Gravity_assist
Map of a planet's gravity levels and anomalies
intervals. For surface mapping of gravity, placement of instruments can be randomized. Surface gravity mapping is often used to map out gravity anomalies such
Gravity_map
Force on a mass due to gravity
for example, on the surface of the Moon, an object can have a significantly different weight than on Earth. The gravity on the surface of the Moon is only
Weight
Multiple proofs regarding Earth's approximately spherical shape
different locations; observing the Sun; surface navigation; grid distortion on a spherical surface; weather systems; gravity; and modern technology. On a completely
Empirical evidence for the spherical shape of Earth
Empirical_evidence_for_the_spherical_shape_of_Earth
Surface gravity waves with frequencies lower than the wind waves
Infragravity waves are surface gravity waves with frequencies lower than the wind waves – consisting of both wind sea and swell – thus corresponding with
Infragravity_wave
Class of massive star with a spectral type of A to K
sensitive to surface gravity, such as Hβ line widths in hot stars or a strong Balmer discontinuity in cooler stars. Lower surface gravity often indicates
Yellow_hypergiant
Second brightest star in the southern constellation of Pictor
Pictoris has log g=4.18, implying a surface gravity of 150 m/s², which is 55% of the gravitational acceleration at the surface of the Sun (274 m/s²). As an A-type
Beta_Pictoris
what effect Mars's lower surface gravity would have on humans, but it was cancelled due to a lack of funding. Mars has a surface area that is 28.4% of Earth's
Colonization_of_Mars
Largest moon of Neptune
is the only moon of Neptune massive enough to be rounded under its own gravity and hosts a thin, hazy atmosphere. Triton orbits Neptune in a retrograde
Triton_(moon)
Brightest star in the constellation Lyra
of its pole, producing the overly large radius estimate. The local surface gravity at the poles is greater than at the equator, which produces a variation
Vega
Moon of Saturn
Hyperion quite porous, with a weak surface gravity. These characteristics mean impactors tend to compress the surface, rather than excavating it, and most
Hyperion_(moon)
Self-reinforcing single wave packet
quanta, to all the particles of matter. The observation of accelerating surface gravity water wave soliton using an external hydrodynamic linear potential
Soliton
Solution of Euler equations
the Euler equations for periodic surface gravity waves. It describes a progressive wave of permanent form on the surface of an incompressible fluid of infinite
Trochoidal_wave
Near-Earth asteroid
Shoemaker · 433 Eros Surface gravity depends on the distance from a spot on the surface to the center of a body's mass. Eros's surface gravity varies greatly
433_Eros
Difference of intensity of the stellar continuum spectrum
discontinuity and this can be used to classify stars on the basis of their surface gravity and hence luminosity. This effect is strongest in A class stars, but
Balmer_jump
Star in the stage when it has not yet reached the main sequence
their surface gravity. A PMS object has a larger radius than a main-sequence star with the same stellar mass and thus has a lower surface gravity. Although
Pre-main-sequence_star
Super Jupiter orbiting Beta Pictoris
L dwarf, but with a lower surface gravity. The effective temperature is constrained to 1700±100 K and the surface gravity to log g = 4.0±0.5. A second
Beta_Pictoris_b
Mass of a star in astronomy
radius and the mass of a star determines the surface gravity. Giant stars have a much lower surface gravity than main sequence stars, while the opposite
Stellar_mass
Type of wave within a fluid medium
Internal waves are gravity waves that oscillate within a fluid medium, rather than on its surface. To exist, the fluid must be stratified: the density
Internal_wave
Large moon of Neptune
mass and the provided volume of (3.4±0.4)×107 km3 from Stooke (1994). Surface gravity derived from the mass m, the gravitational constant G and the radius
Proteus_(moon)
Class of planets with more mass than Jupiter
means that their surface gravity and density go up proportionally to their mass. The increased mass compresses the planet due to gravity, thus keeping it
Super-Jupiter
Geometrical construct in general relativity
horizon is a geometrical quantity known as surface gravity, κ {\displaystyle \kappa } . If the surface gravity vanishes, then the Killing horizon is said
Killing_horizon
Region of space gravitationally dominated by a given body
restricted two-body problem. The table shows the values of the sphere of gravity of the bodies of the solar system in relation to the Sun (with the exception
Sphere of influence (astrodynamics)
Sphere_of_influence_(astrodynamics)
Natural dam produced directly or indirectly by volcanism
modes of deposition. Depositional modes include gravity flow of molten lava at the surface, gravity flow or fall of pyroclastics through the air, and
Volcanic_dam
Moon of Uranus
derived from the radius r: 4 π r 3 / 3 {\displaystyle 4\pi r^{3}/3} . Surface gravity derived from the mass m, the gravitational constant G and the radius
Oberon_(moon)
Star in the constellation Ursa Major
of the Sun. The surface gravity of this relatively compact star is approximately 65 times greater than the gravity at Earth's surface (log g = 4.8 cgs)
Lalande_21185
Series of waves generated by distant weather systems
the predominating influence of gravity, and thus are often referred to as surface gravity waves. These surface gravity waves have their origin as wind
Swell_(wave)
Fictional planet
collapsed matter. The surface gravity is very high at 665 times Earth gravity at the poles, but at the equator the effective gravity is only three times
Mesklin
Proposed transportation system
better known Earth-based space elevator idea, but since the Moon's surface gravity is much lower than the Earth's, the engineering requirements for constructing
Lunar_space_elevator
Eighth planet from the Sun
Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter. Its gravity at 1 bar is 11.27 m/s2, 1.15 times the surface gravity of Earth, and surpassed only by Jupiter. Neptune's
Neptune
Moon of Neptune
Assuming it has a similar density to that of Galatea and Proteus. Surface gravity derived from the mass m, the gravitational constant G and the radius
Despina_(moon)
Exoplanet
Uranus) indicating a composition rich in iron and an extremely high surface gravity. The planet is within K2 Campaign 2, in the constellation Scorpius
K2-38b
SURFACE GRAVITY
SURFACE GRAVITY
Boy/Male
Irish American Biblical Hebrew
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Indian
Part of Sun
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish Gaelic
Surname.
Surname or Lastname
Probably an Americanized spelling of the Swiss German surname Bunz (see Bunce).English
Probably an Americanized spelling of the Swiss German surname Bunz (see Bunce).English : possibly a variant of Bunt.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Surface of the Earth
Boy/Male
Scottish American English
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish Gaelic
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish American English
Surname.
Surname or Lastname
English (Cumbria and Durham)
English (Cumbria and Durham) : variant spelling of Furness.
Boy/Male
Irish American Welsh Scandinavian Scottish English
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish American Welsh
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
SURFACE GRAVITY
SURFACE GRAVITY
Girl/Female
Tamil
Ibbani | இபà¯à®ªà®¾à®¨à¯€Â
Fog, Honey dow
Girl/Female
Tamil
Wisdom
Female
Italian
Feminine form of Italian Florentino, FLORENTINA means "blossoming."
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Having the Inner Gem of Peace
Boy/Male
Muslim
Honorary
Girl/Female
Tamil
Arsheya | à®…à®°à¯à®·à¯‡à®¯à®¾
Female
Italian
Variant spelling of Italian Rosella, ROSSELLA means "rose."
Male
Spanish
Spanish form of Arabic Saba, SABAS means "ole man."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Joy, Pleasure delight
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Goodness of God.
SURFACE GRAVITY
SURFACE GRAVITY
SURFACE GRAVITY
SURFACE GRAVITY
SURFACE GRAVITY
v. t.
To name or call by an appellation added to the original name; to give a surname to.
n.
Surface; body; substance.
n.
Hence, outward or external appearance.
n.
The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
n.
To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace.
n.
A form of machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal, stone, etc.
a.
meeting a curve or surface at a point and having at that point the same direction as the curve or surface; -- said of a straight line, curve, or surface; as, a line tangent to a curve; a curve tangent to a surface; tangent surfaces.
v. t.
To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
n.
An instrument for gauging or testing a plane surface. See Surface gauge, under Surface.
n.
Surface; superficies; externality.
n.
Alt. of Serfdom
a.
Having the surface smooth and polished; -- said of leaves, the surfaces of shells, etc.
n.
A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
v. t.
To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
n.
That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
imp. & p. p.
of Surface
n.
An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron furnace; a hot-air furnace; a glass furnace; a boiler furnace, etc.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Surface