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Concept in economics
In Marxian economics, surplus value is the difference between the amount raised through a sale of a product and the amount it cost to manufacture it:
Surplus_value
Theory in classical and Marxian economics
social dynamics of capitalism. He used it to develop his theory of surplus value, which holds that profit originates from the exploitation of workers
Labor_theory_of_value
Literary work by Karl Marx
Theories of Surplus Value (German: Theorien über den Mehrwert) is a draft manuscript written by Karl Marx between January 1862 and July 1863. It is mainly
Theories_of_Surplus_Value
Three-volume work by Karl Marx, 1867–1894
exploitation of labour, whose unpaid work is the ultimate source of surplus value and profit. Beginning with an analysis of the commodity, Marx argues
Das_Kapital
School of economic thought
distribution of the surplus product and surplus value in various types of economic systems, the nature and origin of economic value, the impact of class
Marxian_economics
German philosopher and socialist (1818–1883)
Surplus Value, which discussed and critiqued the theoreticians of political economy, particularly Adam Smith and David Ricardo. Theories of Surplus Value
Karl_Marx
Economic concept
is presented in the volumes of Theories of Surplus Value and Das Kapital. Marx explains the origin of surplus labour in the following terms: "It is only
Surplus_labour
Pricing problem in Marxism
difficulty was this: given that Marx derived profit, in the form of surplus value, from direct labour inputs, and that the ratio of direct labour input
Transformation_problem
Political philosophy
such conditions, surplus value—the difference between the value produced and the value received by a labourer—is synonymous with surplus labour, and capitalist
Marxism
Economic concept theorised by Karl Marx
time (notably by the Physiocrats), but in Das Kapital, Theories of Surplus Value and the Grundrisse Marx gave the concept a central place in his interpretation
Surplus_product
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up surplus in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Surplus may refer to: Economic surplus, one of various supplementary values Excess supply, a situation
Surplus
Economic phenomenon
of surplus value as the proportion between surplus value/product and necessary value/product. The surplus value/product is the materialised surplus labour
Exploitation_of_labour
Book by Moishe Postone
Postone. While Marx's theory of surplus value is often interpreted as a theory of exploitation, Postone rather examines the value in this temporal dynamic.
Time, Labor and Social Domination
Time,_Labor_and_Social_Domination
Concept in economics
In mainstream economics, economic surplus, also known as total welfare or total social welfare or Marshallian surplus (after Alfred Marshall), is either
Economic_surplus
Class of wage-earners
to survive and continue working. The second part, called capitalized surplus value, is used to renew or increase the means of production (capital), either
Proletariat
Capitalism featuring rent-seeking without wealth creation
used by Karl Marx himself, it is compatible with the Marxist idea of surplus value extraction. In his early works, Karl Marx juxtaposes the terms "rentier"
Rentier_capitalism
Hypothesis in Marxist economics
the value of labor power (the immiseration thesis). Cheapening the elements of constant capital by various means. The growth of a relative surplus population
Tendency of the rate of profit to fall
Tendency_of_the_rate_of_profit_to_fall
Concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy
concept of the law of value in his works Grundrisse, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, Theories of Surplus Value and Das Kapital, he
Law_of_value
Inputs used in the production of goods and services with economic value
consist of anything that enables or could enable the extraction of surplus value (exploitation). Similarly, for Proudhon, goods not meant for immediate
Means_of_production
Process of using materials to produce something
usual. Surplus value indicates that the output has more value than the sacrifice made for it, in other words, the output value is higher than the value (production
Production_(economics)
Economic concepts used by Karl Marx
production. Rent as an economic category is regarded by Marx as one form of surplus value just like net interest income, net production taxes and industrial profits
Differential and absolute ground rent
Differential_and_absolute_ground_rent
Social class
factories, land, and technology. By employing the proletariat, they extract surplus value from the workers' labour, a process fundamental to the functioning and
Bourgeoisie
How well a commodity fulfills human purposes
property claim to surplus value, is indifferent to particular use-values—what matters in this financial relation is only whether more value can be appropriated
Use_value
Proportion of worth at which a commodity can be traded for other commodities
initially bought to produce it, as well as a gross profit component (surplus value) which became definite and manifest only after the commodity has been
Exchange_value
Literary work by Karl Marx
heart of the argument is the labour theory of value and the related premise that profit represents surplus value created by labour working above and beyond
Value,_Price_and_Profit
Concept in Marxist theory
productivity. This allows for the extraction of relative surplus-value by lowering the value of labour-power. Later Marxist thinkers, including the Italian
Subsumption_(Marxism)
Systems of organizing production and distribution within capitalist societies
characterized by private ownership of the means of production, extraction of surplus value by the owning class for the purpose of capital accumulation, wage-based
Capitalist_mode_of_production
2023 United States Supreme Court case
unpaid taxes, when the value of the property seized is greater than the tax debt. A unanimous court held that the surplus value is protected by the Fifth
Tyler_v._Hennepin_County
Marxist concept
depending on the context, for example as "creation of surplus-value", "self-expanding value", "increase in value" and similar expressions. These renderings were
Valorisation
The last five money-incomes are components of realized surplus value. In principle, the value product also includes unsold inventories of new outputs
Value_product
Difference between input value and market value
labour Surplus value United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA) Valorisation Value (marketing) Value-added reseller Value chain Value product
Value_added
German political scientist (born 1957)
argument requires the presumption that the rate of surplus-value grows faster than the ratio of capital to value, which cannot be demonstrated from the concepts
Michael_Heinrich
Benefit provided by a good or service in an economy
between the value to the consumer and the market price is called "consumer surplus". It is easy to see situations where the actual value is considerably
Value_(economics)
Concept in Marxist theory
that concept. Similarly to the relationship between value and price, surplus-value (the essence) must appear as profit (the appearance), a transformation
Value-form
Single transferable vote counting rule
the Candidates Total Value’ of votes (Sv = Ctvv-Q) Surplus Transfer Value (Stv) means the value calculated by the Surplus value (Sv) divided by the Candidate’s
Wright_system
Work by Karl Marx, written 1857–1858
between value, exchange-value, and use-value. Similarly, while the Grundrisse contains the first full elaboration of the concept of surplus value, its presentation
Grundrisse
Concept in economics
its productive powers without committing suicide. In the Theories of Surplus Value ("Volume IV" of Das Kapital, 1863), Marx refines this theory to distinguish
Creative_destruction
Concept in Marxian economics
(surplus-value) to the total amount of wages paid (the value of labour power). The rate of exploitation is often also called the rate of surplus-value
Rate_of_exploitation
Theory developed by Karl Marx
relationship is inherently exploitative, as the capitalists extract surplus value from the workers' labor. This economic antagonism is the root of class
Marx's_theory_of_class
assumptions are that the value of labour power is proportionate to the actual wage rate, that the ratio of variable capital to surplus value is given by the price
Criticism_of_Marxism
Concept in game theory
players in the subset | S | {\displaystyle |S|} . Interpret that as the surplus value player i {\displaystyle i} gains from this coalition further divide
Shapley_value
Modern politico-economic ideology
concept of value and supplementary relation to Marx's category of surplus value. According to Baran's categories: Actual economic surplus: "the difference
Neo-Marxism
Concept in economics
received from its outputs and total costs of its inputs, also known as "surplus value". It is equal to total revenue minus total cost, including both explicit
Profit_(economics)
Marxist doctrine
as such". Since the value of these claims does not function as capital, is merely a claim on future surplus, "the capital-value of such paper is...wholly
Fictitious_capital
Subject of a trade or other exchange
have episodic or permanent surpluses to their own requirements, and they aim to obtain different goods with an equal value in return. Marx refers to this
Article_of_commerce
1848 political pamphlet by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
bourgeoisie was not disappearing, for example, in his 1863 work, Theories of Surplus Value. The obscurity of his later work means that Marx's acknowledgement of
The_Communist_Manifesto
Concept which originated in the thought of Karl Marx
who possess the means of production, who exploit the proletariat for surplus value, as the proletarians possess only their own labour power which they
Mode_of_production
Economic theories regarding cyclical recessions
in a progressive increase of the absolute mass of the appropriated surplus value, or profit; so that on the whole a relative decrease of variable capital
Crisis_theory
School of Marxism aligned with humanist philosophies
sole source of value. While secondary forms of capital (e.g., merchants, bankers, landowners) participate in acquiring surplus value, they do not contribute
Marxist_humanism
Dynamic that motivates pursuit of profit
asset value that is used by capitalists to obtain additional value (surplus-value). This requires property relations which enable objects of value to be
Capital_accumulation
Marxian economic concept
"relative surplus population", except that the unemployed can be defined as those actually looking for work and that the relative surplus population
Reserve_army_of_labour
Economic system based on private ownership
defined by private ownership of the means of production, extraction of surplus value by the owning class for the purpose of capital accumulation, wage-based
Capitalism
Systematic study of values
philosopher Karl Marx extended the labor theory of value in various ways. He introduced the concept of surplus value, which goes beyond the time and resources
Value_theory
Social class
Productive forces Relations of production Commodity (fetishism) Surplus product Surplus value Exploitation Wage labour Capital (accumulation) Critique of
Petite_bourgeoisie
Capacity to do work in Marxism
have been able to make any profit, to realise any surplus-value, since according to the law of value exchange is between equivalents, an equal quantity
Labour_power
Already-produced durable goods that are used in production of goods or services
of surplus-value. It is called "variable" since the amount of value it can produce varies from the amount it consumes, i.e., it creates new value. On
Capital_(economics)
Capital invested in means of production
generate surplus value by confusing depreciation, or the loss of value by a machine, with value creation". His argument is, that a machine can add value to
Constant_and_variable_capital
Marxian economy centered around use value, planning and contribution-based distribution
only takes as much as one has contributed. There is no extraction of surplus value and thus no exploitation in such a system. The higher stage of communism
Socialist_mode_of_production
workers. This system differs from earlier forms of trade by focusing on surplus value from production rather than simply "buying cheap and selling dear."
History_of_capitalism
Dominant post-WWII post-industrial global economy
of the rate of surplus value; (iv) the development of the rate of accumulation, and more specifically the reinvestment of surplus value in production;
Late_capitalism
Pejorative term for reinterpretation of Marxism
Productive forces Relations of production Commodity (fetishism) Surplus product Surplus value Exploitation Wage labour Capital (accumulation) Critique of
Revisionism_(Marxism)
Concepts in Marxist theory
Productive forces Relations of production Commodity (fetishism) Surplus product Surplus value Exploitation Wage labour Capital (accumulation) Critique of
Base_and_superstructure
1864 letter written by Karl Marx to Abraham Lincoln
labor theory of value that Marx advocated for: The prudent, penniless beginner in the world, labors for wages awhile, saves a surplus with which to buy
Address of the International Working Men's Association to Abraham Lincoln
Address_of_the_International_Working_Men's_Association_to_Abraham_Lincoln
Argentine revolutionary (1928–1967)
result of the commodification of labor and the operation of the law of value. For Guevara, the challenge was to replace the individuals' alienation from
Che_Guevara
1913 book by Rosa Luxemburg
non-capitalist markets and societies to solve the problem of realizing surplus value and to facilitate its expansion. She posited that this necessity for
The_Accumulation_of_Capital
1852 essay by Karl Marx on the 1851 French coup d'état
Productive forces Relations of production Commodity (fetishism) Surplus product Surplus value Exploitation Wage labour Capital (accumulation) Critique of
The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
The_Eighteenth_Brumaire_of_Louis_Bonaparte
National accounts measure of operating profit
of the surplus accruing from production before deducting property income, e.g., land rent and interest. Operating surplus is a component of value added
Operating_surplus
Used as a measure of shareholder value in the financial analysis of shares
economic value added is one way of measuring the increase in shareholder wealth achieved by a company. Surplus value, in Marxian economics "Value Added"
Added_value
Person involved in activities for profit
value. It is generally thought to embrace risks beyond what is normally encountered in starting a business. Its motivation can include other values than
Businessperson
Impacts on German socialist philosopher
develop the concept of surplus value, which distinguished his works from that of Smith and Ricardo. Workers create enough value during a short period of
Influences_on_Karl_Marx
Concept created by Karl Marx
constant capital to newly produced value (roughly, what modern economists call "value added"), i.e., surplus-value + variable capital and close to the
Organic composition of capital
Organic_composition_of_capital
Marxist theory of the origin of capitalism
argued that the state sector (socialist industry) would have to extract a surplus from the peasant sector (private commodity production) to fund its growth
Primitive_accumulation
Concept in Marxist analysis
exchanged. Through commodity fetishism, social phenomena such as market value, wages and rent are reified (attributed to things, i.e. goods, labour, land)
Commodity_fetishism
Philosophy of science and nature
to economics, conceptualizing "use value" as the Particular, individual character of a commodity and "exchange value" as its Universal, social character
Dialectical_materialism
Ownership or control of an economy by a government
economy and essentially acts as a single huge corporation, extracting surplus value from the workforce in order to invest it in further production. This
State_capitalism
French Marxist philiosopher and sociologist (1929–2009)
the alienation of the fruits of their labor power (the extortion of surplus value). A rhetoric of diversion, according to this author, which brings to
Michel_Clouscard
Scottish computer scientist and economist
Productive forces Relations of production Commodity (fetishism) Surplus product Surplus value Exploitation Wage labour Capital (accumulation) Critique of
Paul_Cockshott
Marxist term to describe a subsection of the underclass
prostitutes" and other lumpenproletariat formed an element within the "surplus population" in a capitalist system. The Social Democratic Party of Germany
Lumpenproletariat
Relationship where a worker sells labour to an employer
as free persons, there can be no production of surplus value; without the production of surplus-value there can be no capitalist production, and hence
Wage_labour
Cause of the crisis of capital accumulation and labor devaluation in a capitalist economy
requires the accumulation of capital through the continual reinvestment of surplus value. Accumulation can reach a point where the reinvestment of capital no
Overaccumulation
Marxism as expounded by Marx and Engels
the fruits of production belong to the employers, who expropriate the surplus created by others and in so doing generate alienated labour. Alienation
Classical_Marxism
Marxist term examining the exploitation of workers
process under capitalism whereby the ruling classes create particular norms, values, and stigmas, amounting to a culture in which their continued dominance
False_consciousness
socialist-style economy. For Marx, the cycle of the extraction of the surplus value by the owners of capital or the bourgeoisie becomes the basis of class
Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
Perspectives_on_capitalism_by_school_of_thought
Economic process
appropriation of surplus value. Classical Marxist theory posits that this contradiction will intensify to a point where socialization of surplus value appropriation
Socialization_(Marxism)
Surplus value after accounting for costs
taxes on datacentres for their use of energy. In economics, rent is a surplus value after all costs and normal returns have been accounted for, i.e. the
Resource_rent
1912 book by Hilaire Belloc
accumulate some kind of surplus in order to insulate himself from times of hardship, but the extraction of his surplus value makes this accumulation impossible
The_Servile_State
Price levels at which goods and services must be sold
fully depends on market trade. If there are no market sales, then value and surplus value cannot be realized as private profit. For the purpose of the analysis
Prices_of_production
Polish-German Marxist revolutionary (1871–1919)
thesis was that capitalism, as a closed system, could not realise the surplus value it generated and was therefore dependent on a constant expansion into
Rosa_Luxemburg
Term in Marxist economics
Emmanuel, unequal exchange is determined by the differences in rates of surplus values resulting from wage differentials: this mechanism determines the exploitation
Unequal_exchange
Belgian born Polish Marxist theorist (1924–1994)
Jewish refugee from the Nazis and distinguished academic reflects the values and decency we should all expect in our political debate. Ed Miliband's
Ralph_Miliband
Mode of production theory
despotic ruling clique, residing in central cities and directly expropriating surplus from largely autarkic and generally undifferentiated village communities"
Asiatic_mode_of_production
Overview of and topical guide to Marxism
capital Variable capital Surplus value Surplus labour Surplus product Law of value Commodity Value form Use value Exchange value Social class / Marxian
Outline_of_Marxism
Philosophical perspectives
and develops a homology between the Marxist notion of surplus value and his own notion of surplus-jouissance/objet a. While Lacan was not himself a Marxist
Freudo-Marxism
Concept in Marxism
Productive forces Relations of production Commodity (fetishism) Surplus product Surplus value Exploitation Wage labour Capital (accumulation) Critique of
Withering_away_of_the_state
Marxist concept
Superprofit, surplus profit or extra surplus-value (German: extra-Mehrwert) is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy subsequently elaborated
Superprofit
Arguments against the economic system of capitalism
as free persons, there can be no production of surplus value; without the production of surplus-value there can be no capitalist production, and hence
Criticism_of_capitalism
British economist (1842–1924)
producer surplus and consumer surplus, was contributed by Marshall, and indeed, the two are sometimes described eponymously as 'Marshallian surplus.' He used
Alfred_Marshall
Economic theorem regarding rate of profit
the value of constant capital plus variable capital (c + v) gives profits s. Now the value composition of capital c/v, the rate of surplus value s/v,
Okishio's_theorem
State of affairs in Marxist theory
Productive forces Relations of production Commodity (fetishism) Surplus product Surplus value Exploitation Wage labour Capital (accumulation) Critique of
Dictatorship of the proletariat
Dictatorship_of_the_proletariat
German philosopher and socialist (1820–1895)
core concepts like constant and variable capital and the theory of surplus value. He also served as Marx's "man on the ground" for analysing economic
Friedrich_Engels
SURPLUS VALUE
SURPLUS VALUE
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Addition; Surplus; Increase; Growth
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Excess; Surplus
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Surplus
Girl/Female
Arabic
Excess; Surplus
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Increase; Addition; Surplus; Plenty
Girl/Female
Indian
Surplus, Overabundance
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Surplus Bestowed by Allah
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Possessing Divine Surplus
Girl/Female
Muslim
Excess, Surplus
Boy/Male
Muslim
High, Excellent, Surplus, Abundance
Boy/Male
Muslim
Surplus bestowed by Allah
Boy/Male
Indian
High, Excellent, Surplus, Abundance
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant spelling of Searles.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Abundant; Plentiful; Surplus
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Place Name
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Possessing Divine Surplus
Boy/Male
Muslim
Excess, Surplus
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Prayer; Surplus; Overabundance
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Excess; Surplus
Girl/Female
Muslim
Surplus, Overabundance
SURPLUS VALUE
SURPLUS VALUE
Boy/Male
British, English
Full of Grace
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Intimate Companion; Friend; One who is Brought Near the Throne of Allah
Boy/Male
Tamil
Dharmachandra | தரà¯à®®à®šà®‚தà¯à®°à®¾
Moon of Dharma
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Lord of Beauty
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Japanese
Born in Summer
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : probably a variant of Sewatt, which is from the common Old Norse personal name Sigvarðr, composed of sigr ‘victory’ + varðr ‘guardian’. The International Genealogical Index records several UK ancestors called Suit(t), though the name is hardly found in Britain today.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Prize, Honor
Girl/Female
American, Australian
Combination Name
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Lord Indra
Male
Irish
Irish and Scottish Gaelic name SUIBHNE means "well-going."Â
SURPLUS VALUE
SURPLUS VALUE
SURPLUS VALUE
SURPLUS VALUE
SURPLUS VALUE
n.
A syrphus fly.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Surpass
a.
Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient; as, surplus revenues; surplus population; surplus words.
n.
Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.
v. t.
To surfel.
pl.
of Purple
n.
An excess; a surplus.
imp. & p. p.
of Surpass
v. t.
To go beyond in anything good or bad; to exceed; to excel.
n.
The act of surcharging; also, surcharge, surplus.
v. t.
The art of carrying off surplus water, as from land.
n.
Surplus.
n.
A sum or quantity over; surplus.
n.
A pipe used for carrying off surplus water.
n.
Increase; addition; surplus.
n.
Excessive measure; the excess beyond true or proper measure; surplus.
n.
An outlet for the escape of surplus liquid.
n.
That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus.
n.
That which remains after a supply, or beyond a quantity proposed; surplus.