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Advocate for incompetent patients
A surrogate decision maker, also known as a health care proxy or as agents, is an advocate for incompetent patients. If a patient is unable to make decisions
Surrogate_decision-maker
New York law
decision-maker; and ethical standards for making decisions, including life-sustaining treatment decisions. In short, it empowers a surrogate decision-maker
Family Health Care Decisions Act
Family_Health_Care_Decisions_Act
Process of decline in quality of decisions over time
Tahir, Sadia (14 August 2017). "Evaluation of the Decisional Fatigue Scale Among Surrogate Decision Makers of the Critically Ill". Western Journal of Nursing
Decision_fatigue
Deliberately delayed resuscitation attempt
the patient, or other surrogate decision maker for the patient, makes such a request of the medical staff. Surrogate decision makers are considered in a
Slow_code
Ethical principle
have absent, limited, or fluctuating decision-making capacity, requiring reliance on surrogate decision-makers. In 2026, the Curing Coma Campaign Ethics
Informed_consent
System of moral principles of the practice of medicine
decision-making may come into question during resolution of conflicts between autonomy and beneficence. The role of surrogate medical decision-makers
Medical_ethics
Legal document
instructions for future mental health treatment, or to appoint a surrogate decision maker through Health Care Power of Attorney (HCPA), in advance of being
Advance_healthcare_directive
American social service for adults in trouble
and legal interventions, up to and including the appointment of surrogate decision-makers such as legal guardians. While some states provide adult protective
Adult_Protective_Services
Non-disclosure of information
S.; Henning, Stacy L.; Kocet, Michael M. (16 September 2015). Ethical Decision Making for the 21st Century Counselor. SAGE Publications. pp. 53+. ISBN 978-1-4833-1150-0
Confidentiality
Legal instrument for healthcare decisions
being under anesthesia when a decision needs to be made. Healthcare proxies are one of three ways that surrogate decision makers are enacted, the other two
Healthcare_proxy
Study of the ethical issues emerging from advances in biology and medicine
It proposes the discussion about moral discernment in society (what decisions are "good" or "bad" and why) and it is often related to medical policy
Bioethics
Cases Value pluralism Frameworks Advance healthcare directive Surrogate decision-maker Related Concepts Medical profession Medical law Bioethics Feminist
Conflict of interest in the healthcare industry
Conflict_of_interest_in_the_healthcare_industry
Capacity for control, discretion or political self-governance
to make an autonomous decision, the neurosurgeon should discuss with the surrogate decision maker in order to aid in the decision-making process. Performing
Autonomy
Psychological behavior
et al. (December 2012). "Learned helplessness among families and surrogate decision-makers of patients admitted to medical, surgical, and trauma ICUs". Chest
Learned_helplessness
Facet of health economics
have private health insurance, and non-emergency health care rationing decisions are made based on what the insurance company or government insurance will
Health_care_rationing
Medical practice
Cases Value pluralism Frameworks Advance healthcare directive Surrogate decision-maker Related Concepts Medical profession Medical law Bioethics Feminist
Separation of prescribing and dispensing
Separation_of_prescribing_and_dispensing
1987 book by Thomas Sowell
are immune to the influence of power and therefore can act as surrogate decision-makers for the rest of society. Sowell argues that the constrained vision
A_Conflict_of_Visions
Ethical practice in scientific research
challenges with hemodialysis patients who lack decision-making capacity: behavioral issues, surrogate decision-makers, and end-of-life situations". Kidney International
Research_ethics
Concept in ethics
degrees of personal sacrifice. Young and Wagner provided a formula to guide decision-making for this situation. They also argued that, for healthcare professionals
Beneficence_(ethics)
Cases Value pluralism Frameworks Advance healthcare directive Surrogate decision-maker Related Concepts Medical profession Medical law Bioethics Feminist
Duty_to_protect
Medical care of newborns, especially the ill or premature
perspectives, parents are generally presumed to be the appropriate surrogate decision-makers for their children unless there is a specific reason for that
Neonatology
Interpersonal communication theory
family members, friends, or surrogate decision makers often experience feelings of tension and burden. Decision-makers must deal with the relational
Relational_dialectics
Medical treatment undertaken without the consent of the person being treated
will influence decisions. Alternatively, a surrogate decision-maker such as a relative, friend or healthcare professional may make decisions on a patient's
Involuntary_treatment
Controversial 1997 set of child medical procedures
Because Ashley lacked decision-making capacity, commentators have noted that decisions were necessarily made by surrogate decision-makers, such as her parents
Ashley_Treatment
Organ donation from a donor whose heartbeat has stopped
by the patient (as a DNR order in an advance directive), by a surrogate decision-maker or by the medical team because it is not medically indicated."
Non-heart-beating_donation
Complete list of the characters available on most computers
appear in pairs, as a high surrogate followed by a low surrogate, thus using 32 bits to denote one code point. A surrogate pair denotes the code point
Universal Character Set characters
Universal_Character_Set_characters
make a decision about their care or treatment but lack the capacity to make a financial decision. Outside an emergency situation, the decision maker should
Mental capacity in England and Wales
Mental_capacity_in_England_and_Wales
Planning about a patient's future health care
components of advance care planning include the nomination of a substitute decision maker, and the completion of an advance care directive. Advance care planning
Advance_care_planning
2001 Indian film by Abbas–Mustan
young prostitute as a surrogate mother, the film generated controversy during its release for dealing with the taboo issue of surrogate childbirth in India
Chori_Chori_Chupke_Chupke
US legal case concerning bioethics
supporters and opponents of the right of patients, and their surrogate decision-makers, to choose whether to discontinue life-sustaining medical treatment
Betancourt v. Trinitas Hospital
Betancourt_v._Trinitas_Hospital
Variety of ethical positions on circumcision
child's inability to give consent. Since children require a substituted decision maker acting in their best interests, they recommend to hold off non-medically
Ethics_of_circumcision
effect". Prevention bias: When investing money to protect against risks, decision makers perceive that a dollar spent on prevention buys more security than
List_of_cognitive_biases
American sociologist and author
Stacie; Havranek, Edward; Perman, Sarah (January 2019). "830: Surrogate Decision-maker's perceptions of engaging in research while grieving". Critical
Jennifer_Reich
American academic and Nobel Laureate (1916–2001)
Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 69, 99–118. 1956. "Reply: Surrogates for Uncertain Decision Problems", Office of Naval Research, January 1956. – Reprinted
Herbert_A._Simon
2022 South Korean film
on the bulldozer' Kim Hye-yoon "Buldozer-like Hye-young, acting as a surrogate satisfaction" [MD interview ①]] (in Korean). MyDaily. Retrieved April
The_Girl_on_a_Bulldozer
American actor (1934–1991)
1968 Judd, for the Defense Father William Chitwood Episode: "The Devil's Surrogate" Shadow Over Elveron Dr. Matthew Tregaskis Television film The F.B.I.
James_Franciscus
Adage about statistical measures
basis that they cannot be measured Metric fixation – Tendency for decision-makers to place excessively large emphases on selected metrics Peter principle
Goodhart's_law
herself by her fourth episode. She quickly becomes a friend and even a surrogate little sister to the Winchesters. By the end of "The Girl with the Dungeons
List of Supernatural and The Winchesters characters
List_of_Supernatural_and_The_Winchesters_characters
Fictional characters
subjected to some teasing by DiNozzo. By season ten, he is shown as more of a surrogate son to Ducky rather than simply his assistant (though this relationship
List_of_NCIS_characters
Study of mathematical algorithms for optimization problems
coarse or surrogate model. In a number of subfields, the techniques are designed primarily for optimization in dynamic contexts (that is, decision making
Mathematical_optimization
Pharmaceutical drug
for standard chemotherapy. The accelerated approval was based on the surrogate endpoint of response rate. It was the first antibody-drug conjugate to
Gemtuzumab_ozogamicin
American lawyer
and Don'ts". The Washington Diplomat. pp. 17–19. Starobin, Paul. "Decision makers; Capricia Marshall". National Journal. Archived from the original on
Capricia_Marshall
2016 film directed by Bala
return for a favour. Karuppiah eventually forces Sooravali to be the surrogate for a wealthy man whose astrologer has divined that he requires a female
Tharai_Thappattai
American politician (born 1954)
in Watertown, Massachusetts. While attending Palfrey, he lived with a surrogate family at a farmhouse in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Kennedy continued his
Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr.
Television sitcom characters
"The Surrogate", as Larry is called, is always on the job, wearing a suit and tie at all times, with a baseball cap displaying the word "Surrogate". The
List of Arrested Development characters
List_of_Arrested_Development_characters
American sci-fi TV series (2015–2019)
Evancic as Buddy Pearce (seasons 1–2), Rita's son, who viewed Joe as a surrogate father Kevin McNulty as Dr. Gerald Adler (seasons 1–2), John's family
The Man in the High Castle (TV series)
The_Man_in_the_High_Castle_(TV_series)
he was eventually accepted into the family and became something of a surrogate son to Lord Grantham. Matthew and Mary fell in love, but Cora's brief
List of Downton Abbey characters
List_of_Downton_Abbey_characters
Electrical engineer
Stochastic Control, Decentralized Decision-Making with non-strategic decision-makers (teams) or strategic decision-makers (games), resource allocation in
Demosthenis_Teneketzis
American actress (1917–2022)
Pride and Prejudice (1940) with Laurence Olivier, and as Martha Scott's surrogate child Hope Thompson in Cheers for Miss Bishop (1941). In 1941, Hunt signed
Marsha Hunt (actress, born 1917)
Marsha_Hunt_(actress,_born_1917)
American television sitcom (1988–1997, 2018)
seasons, was cast as Andrea, a married woman who hires Becky to be her surrogate. Glenn Quinn, who played Becky's husband, Mark, died in December 2002
Roseanne
Fictional character, The Bear TV series
until after her retirement, Chef Terry seems to have served as sort of surrogate mother figure who reparented Carmy by modeling the belief that "cooking
Carmy_Berzatto
FBI Initiative for Public-Private Sector Infrastructure protection
the needs of those on the front lines of security as well as those decision makers tasked with assessing their enterprise's vulnerabilities and allocating
InfraGard
Legal order saying not to perform CPR if heart stops
completed by the patient or a surrogate. In addition, it is common for Japanese doctors and nurses to be involved in the decision-making process for the DNAR
Do_not_resuscitate
American attorney and politician (born 1944)
from the delegates. Giuliani continued to be one of McCain's most active surrogates during the remainder of McCain's eventually unsuccessful campaign. Following
Rudy_Giuliani
Indian drama television series
Phurti, a carefree bubbly girl who dreams of settling in London, as a surrogate in return for sending her to London. Phurti becomes pregnant with KT and
Shaadi_Mubarak
2012). "John Hawkes on His Standing-Ovation-Worthy Sundance Film, The Surrogate". Vulture.com. Retrieved 11 September 2017. "'Parker Lewis' Star Boat
List of film and television accidents
List_of_film_and_television_accidents
that he had planned to give it to them as a thank-you gift for being his surrogate family before he died. Portrayed by John Boyd James Aubrey (seasons 10–12)
List_of_Bones_characters
List of U.S.-backed regime change operations
Nicaragua argued that the U.S. had engaged in acts of aggression via surrogate forces to harm Nicaragua's economy and bring about regime change. The
United States involvement in regime change
United_States_involvement_in_regime_change
American filmmaker and philanthropist (born 1944)
in Marin County, California. They have one daughter together, born via surrogate in August 2013. Lucas was born and raised in a Methodist family. The religious
George_Lucas
Indian actor, film producer and politician (1942–2012)
residing with her at his bungalow, 'Aashirwad'. Advani claimed she was his "surrogate wife" and lived with him for over a decade until his death in 2012, even
Rajesh_Khanna
New Zealand actress (born 1977)
correct or wrongheaded conclusions. She's also just a terrific audience surrogate. When she snarls or snaps, I wanted to cheer. I Don't Feel at Home won
Melanie_Lynskey
American actor (born 1955)
Subsequently, he appeared in the films What Just Happened (2008) and Surrogates (2009), based on the comic book of the same name. Willis was slated to
Bruce_Willis
Description of a system using mathematical concepts and language
in an auction. Strategic models assume that players are autonomous decision makers who rationally choose actions that maximize their objective function
Mathematical_model
2024 film by Fede Álvarez
Jonsson as Andy, an android reprogrammed by Rain's late father as her surrogate brother Archie Renaux as Tyler Harrison, Rain's ex-boyfriend Isabela Merced
Alien:_Romulus
Simultaneous observation and analysis of more than one outcome variable
often eased through the use of surrogate models, highly accurate approximations of the physics-based code. Since surrogate models take the form of an equation
Multivariate_statistics
British science fiction TV series (1963–2025)
(William Russell). These characters were intended to act as audience surrogates, through which the audience would discover information about the Doctor
Doctor_Who
2018 Indian TV series
Tamil-language soap opera directed by P. Selvam and produced by Home Movie Makers. It aired on Sun TV from 22 October 2018 to 28 November 2020. It starred
Kanmani_(TV_series)
American actor and comedian (born 1958)
October 26, 2021. "Hilaria and Alec Baldwin's Daughter Lucia Was Born Via Surrogate". ET Online. March 2, 2021. Archived from the original on October 26,
Alec_Baldwin
Health care for a person nearing the end of their life
Langa, Kenneth M. (2010-04-01). "Advance directives and outcomes of surrogate decision making before death". The New England Journal of Medicine. 362 (13):
End-of-life_care
King of Romania from 1930 to 1940
childless Carol I, who had always wanted a son, treated Prince Carol as his surrogate son and thoroughly spoiled him, indulging his every whim. Ferdinand was
Carol_II_of_Romania
Season of television series
metabolism. Asher and Lenox discover an endangered second fetus in a surrogate. Ripley faces resistance from the grown abused daughter of a seemingly
Chicago_Med_season_11
American domestic terrorist (1942–2023)
unfulfilling pursuits to cope with these abnormal conditions; he called these "surrogate activities", wherein people strive toward artificial goals, including
Ted_Kaczynski
Fictional character from The Lion King
believes that, to himself and other fans, Mufasa became synonymous with surrogate fatherhood. Meanwhile, Maddie Garfinkle of People declared him "one of
Mufasa
American diplomat and politician (1923–2023)
policy) approach to diplomacy took it for granted that as long as the decision-makers in the major states were willing to accept the international order
Henry_Kissinger
British general (1833–1885)
subvert government policy", making the beginning of a new era where decision-makers had to consider the power of media. In Khartoum – The Ultimate Imperial
Charles_George_Gordon
Relaxation of strained international relations by verbal communication
period of détente. According to Eric Grynaviski, "Soviet and U.S. decision-makers had two very different understandings about what détente meant" while
Détente
Anti-establishment cultural phenomenon
Kent State University in Kent, Ohio, where National Guardsman acted as surrogates for police. Police malfeasance was also an ongoing issue in the UK during
Counterculture_of_the_1960s
Indian television series
reunites Armaan with his living mother, Shivani. Ruhi decides to become the surrogate mother for Abhira and Armaan's child. Rohit and Shivani die, and Abhira
Yeh_Rishta_Kya_Kehlata_Hai
1947–1991 geopolitical rivalry between US and USSR
Bloc. Radio Free Europe attempted to achieve these goals by serving as a surrogate home radio station, an alternative to the controlled and party-dominated
Cold_War
American politician (1801–1872)
in 1828. Governor DeWitt Clinton had nominated Seward as Cayuga County Surrogate in late 1827 or early 1828, but as Seward was unwilling to support Jackson
William_H._Seward
kill Rigby using a military sword. Enraged, the Baby Ducks defend their surrogate father by turning into a Duck Man. They then chopped the Collector in
List of Regular Show characters
List_of_Regular_Show_characters
1914–1918 global conflict
In Horne, John (ed.). A Companion to World War I. Wiley. p. 584. "The Surrogate Hegemon in Polish Postcolonial Discourse Ewa Thompson, Rice University"
World_War_I
Cabinet formed after 2022 election
highly sensitive position in charge of providing accurate data for decision makers. The appointment of Shelley, who did not possess the required qualifications
Thirty-seventh government of Israel
Thirty-seventh_government_of_Israel
Feeding of babies or toddlers with milk from the human breast
and dilemmas involving breastfeeding and bonding for babies born from surrogate mothers. Halili HK, Che MN (June 2014). "Women's right to breastfeed in
Breastfeeding
Indian actor (born 1966)
the character played by Soundarya, who faces the challenges of being a surrogate mother. The film won positive reviews, with a critic mentioning that Vikram
Vikram_(actor)
Minogue in Neighbours Author surrogate A character sharing the traits or appearance of its author or creator. The author surrogate may be disguised to some
List_of_stock_characters
Hormone therapy used to treat symptoms of menopause
or a mild negative effect, though others have shown an improvement in surrogate markers such as cholesterol, triglycerides and weight. Testosterone has
Hormone_replacement_therapy
Problematic excessive alcohol consumption
Disorder: A Distillation of a 2020 Cochrane Review for Clinicians and Policy Makers". Alcohol and Alcoholism. 55 (6): 641–651. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agaa050. PMC 8060988
Alcoholism
Comics character
faced by Spider-Man. The Burglar is the killer of the hero's uncle and surrogate father figure Ben Parker. Little of the Burglar's early history is known
List of Marvel Comics characters: B
List_of_Marvel_Comics_characters:_B
Exclusive reliance on quantitative observations in decision-making
law – Adage about statistical measures Metric fixation – Tendency for decision-makers to place excessively large emphases on selected metrics Newton's flaming
McNamara_fallacy
Fictional character list
"Intersecting Lives", Ken and Alejandro are expecting a child, having found a surrogate; to Ken's surprise and relief, Fin is excited about becoming a grandfather
List of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit characters
List_of_Law_&_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit_characters
Multiple states under one central authority, usually created by conquest
of US imperial conduct since it governed other countries via surrogates. These surrogates were domestically weak, right-wing governments that would collapse
Empire
2019 American crime drama television series
the arresting officer of Martin Whitly and, since then, has acted as a surrogate father to his son, Malcolm; Gil hires Malcolm as his new consultant after
Prodigal_Son_(TV_series)
1979 studio album by Pink Floyd
"surrogate band" wearing hyper-realistic face masks of each of the actual members. At the end of the opening number ("In the Flesh?"), the surrogates froze
The_Wall
1991 film by James Cameron
the relationship between John Connor and the T-800, which serves as a surrogate for the father (Kyle Reese) he never knew. Cameron said: "Sure, there's
Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day
American politician (born 1942)
Speakman, Jamie (April 7, 2022). "Mike Durant: "Katie Britt's Democrat Surrogate Disgracefully Attacks Veterans"". Cullman Daily. Retrieved April 7, 2022
Parker_Griffith
compete in the primaries, leaving that job to favorite sons who were his surrogates, notably United States Senator George A. Smathers from Florida, United
1968 United States presidential election
1968_United_States_presidential_election
American television sitcom (1983–1989)
on set. The main cast bonded well from then on, with Karras becoming a surrogate father figure to Lewis. Webster director Joel Zwick, in his interview
Webster_(TV_series)
Indian actress (born 1975)
controversial issue of surrogate childbirth, it starred Zinta as Madhubala, a golden-hearted prostitute hired as a surrogate mother. Initially reluctant
Preity_Zinta
King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786
provide an increased tax base, manpower for the military, and serve as a surrogate for the overseas colonies of the other great powers. Poland was vulnerable
Frederick_the_Great
SURROGATE DECISION-MAKER
SURROGATE DECISION-MAKER
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Decision Maker
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nishchay | நிஷà¯à®šà®¯Â
Decision, Confirmed
Nishchay | நிஷà¯à®šà®¯Â
Boy/Male
Muslim
Decision
Boy/Male
Finnish, German
Advice; Decision Protection
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Dutch, French, Swedish
Fox; Advice; Decision
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Danger
Boy/Male
Australian, Basque, Jamaican
Advise; Decision and Protector
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Clever; Own Decision Maker
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Decision
Boy/Male
British, Danish, English, German
Wolf; Advice; Decision
Girl/Female
Danish, German, Norse, Swedish
Powerful Warrior; Advice; Decision
Boy/Male
Australian, German, Irish, Teutonic
Protecting Hands; Decision Protector
Boy/Male
Indian
Decision
Boy/Male
Hindu
Decision, Confirmed
Boy/Male
Tamil
Decision, Confirmed
Boy/Male
Hindu
Decision, Confirmed
Boy/Male
English
Dennis' son.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Decision of God
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from the personal name Dennis.Possibly an Americanized form of cognates in other languages, for example Russian Denisov, from Denis, or Ukrainian Denysevich, from Denys.
Boy/Male
British, English, Indian, Tamil
Master; Dennis' Son
SURROGATE DECISION-MAKER
SURROGATE DECISION-MAKER
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Who is like God? Gift from God. In the Bible, St. Michael was the conqueror of Satan and patron...
Boy/Male
Spanish
Bull-like. The constellation Taurus.
Male
Norse
Old Norse name SVADILFARI means "disaster; ill-fated." In mythology, this was the name of a magical stallion belonging to a frost giant.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Son of Manu
Boy/Male
British, English
Shear Man
Surname or Lastname
English (Staffordshire)
English (Staffordshire) : unexplained. Perhaps a much altered spelling of Scottish Urquhart.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Happy; Cheerful; Always Happy Woman; Full of Joy; Blissful
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sri Rama | à®·à¯à®°à¯€ à®°à®®
Girl/Female
French
Little innocent.
Female
Bulgarian
(Ðна), compassion, grace; and, prayers.
SURROGATE DECISION-MAKER
SURROGATE DECISION-MAKER
SURROGATE DECISION-MAKER
SURROGATE DECISION-MAKER
SURROGATE DECISION-MAKER
v. t.
To put in the place of another; to substitute.
n.
An object of derision or scorn; a laughing-stock.
n.
In some States of the United States, an officer who presides over the probate of wills and testaments and yield the settlement of estates.
adv.
Without decision.
n.
The act of deciding; act of settling or terminating, as a controversy, by giving judgment on the matter at issue; determination, as of a question or doubt; settlement; conclusion.
a.
Marked by promptness and decision.
imp. & p. p.
of Arrogate
n.
A judicial officer, having generally the powers of a judge of probate or a surrogate.
n.
The quality of being decided; prompt and fixed determination; unwavering firmness; as, to manifest great decision.
n.
The act of revising; reexamination for correction; review; as, the revision of a book or writing, or of a proof sheet; a revision of statutes.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Arrogate
n.
Want of decision; want of settled purpose, or of firmness; indetermination; wavering of mind; irresolution; vacillation; hesitation.
v. t.
To put in the place of another; to substitute.
n.
An account or report of a conclusion, especially of a legal adjudication or judicial determination of a question or cause; as, a decision of arbitrators; a decision of the Supreme Court.
n.
The deputy of an ecclesiastical judge, most commonly of a bishop or his chancellor, especially a deputy who grants marriage licenses.
n.
Decision; judgment; opinion; a court decision.
n.
Cutting off; division; detachment of a part.
n.
A head or chief over ten; especially, an officer who commanded a division of ten soldiers.
n.
A deputy; a delegate; a substitute.
n.
The office of a surrogate.