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Style of architecture
Synagogue architecture often follows styles in vogue at the place and time of construction. There is no set blueprint for synagogues and architectural
Synagogue_architecture
Revival architectural style
Moorish Revival spread around the globe as a preferred style of synagogue architecture for a long period until the early 20th century. In Spain, the country
Moorish_Revival_architecture
Neolog synagogue in Budapest, Hungary
synagogue's Viennese architect, Ludwig Förster, believed that no distinctively Jewish architecture could be identified, and thus chose "architectural
Dohány_Street_Synagogue
Place of worship for Jews or Samaritans
A synagogue or synagog, 'Beit Kneset'—"house of gathering" in Hebrew, also called a shul (meaning school in Yiddish) or a temple, is a place of worship
Synagogue
Former synagogue in Subotica, Serbia
Nouveau style (Szecessió), the Subotica Synagogue is one of the finest surviving pieces of religious architecture in the art nouveau style and the only
Subotica_Synagogue
Style of synagogue in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Wooden synagogues are an original style of vernacular synagogue architecture that emerged in the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The style developed
Wooden synagogues in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Wooden_synagogues_in_the_Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth
Neolog synagogue in Keszthely, Hungary
The Keszthely Synagogue is a Neolog Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in the town of Keszthely, in the county of Zala, Hungary. Completed in
Keszthely_Synagogue
Synagogue in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany
approach to synagogue architecture associated with Reform Judaism. The synagogue and its adjoining community buildings are protected as architectural monuments
Augsburg_Synagogue
Historic former synagogue, former church, now museum, in Toledo, Spain
The Synagogue of Santa María la Blanca (Spanish: Sinagoga de Santa María La Blanca, lit. 'Synagogue of Saint Mary the White'), also known as the Ibn Shoshan
Synagogue of Santa María la Blanca
Synagogue_of_Santa_María_la_Blanca
Grade I listed Orthodox synagogue in Liverpool, United Kingdom
style of synagogue architecture in the United Kingdom, and a synagogue emulating its design can be found in Sydney, Australia. Princes Road Synagogue came
Princes_Road_Synagogue
Orthodox synagogue in Rome, Italy
The Great Synagogue of Rome (Italian: Tempio Maggiore di Roma) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, that is located at Lungotevere de' Cenci
Great_Synagogue_of_Rome
Destroyed synagogue in Tehran, Iran
Rafi'nia Synagogue (Persian: کنیسه رفیعنیا), also known as the Mashhadi Synagogue or the Khorasani Synagogue of Tehran, was a synagogue of the Jewish
Rafi'-Nia_synagogue
Synagogue in Sofia, Bulgaria
the new synagogue, the lot in central Sofia had been occupied by an older synagogue. One of the architectural monuments of Sofia, the synagogue, located
Sofia_Synagogue
Cultural museum and former synagogue in Kraków, Poland
Poland, and one of the most precious landmarks of Jewish architecture in Europe. The synagogue served as a house of prayer until World War II when it was
Old_Synagogue_(Kraków)
Former synagogue in Prague, the Czech Republic
The Spanish Synagogue (Czech: Španělská synagoga, German: Spanische Synagoge, Hebrew: בית הכנסת הספרדי) is a former Reform Jewish synagogue, located in
Spanish_Synagogue_(Prague)
Former Reform Jewish synagogue in Germany
The Grand Synagogue of Nuremberg was a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Nuremberg (German: Nürnberg), in the state of Bavaria
Grand_Synagogue_of_Nuremberg
Former synagogue in Cherasco, Italy
The Cherasco Synagogue (Italian: Sinagoga di Cherasco) is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, that is located at Via Marconi 4, in Cherasco, Piedmont
Cherasco_Synagogue
Historic synagogue used as a church, now a museum in Toledo, Spain
The Synagogue of El Tránsito (Spanish: Sinagoga del Tránsito), also known as the Synagogue of Samuel ha-Levi or Halevi, is a former Jewish congregation
Synagogue_of_El_Tránsito
Medieval synagogue in Prague, Czech Republic
"Old-New Synagogue". synagogue.cz. p. 15. Retrieved 25 September 2022. Krinsky, Carol Herselle (1996). Synagogues of Europe: Architecture, History, Meaning
Old_New_Synagogue
indicating that synagogues additionally functioned as a communal centres. Some modern-day synagogue architects have relied upon synagogue architecture in ancient
Ancient synagogues in Palestine
Ancient_synagogues_in_Palestine
Ancient synagogue in Rome, Italy
Italy portal Architecture portal Historic synagogues History of the Jews in Italy List of synagogues in Italy List of oldest synagogues in the world Binder
Ostia_Synagogue
Inner sanctuary of the Jewish Tabernacle
the area they were to work on. Jews regards the Torah ark, a place in a synagogue where the Torah scrolls are kept, as a miniature Holy of Holies. The exact
Holy_of_Holies
Conservative synagogue in Pennsylvania, US
Beth Sholom Synagogue is a Conservative Jewish synagogue at 8231 Old York Road in Elkins Park, a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The
Beth Sholom Synagogue (Elkins Park, Pennsylvania)
Beth_Sholom_Synagogue_(Elkins_Park,_Pennsylvania)
Reform synagogue in Manhattan, New York
Central Synagogue (formerly Congregation Ahawath Chesed Shaar Hashomayim; colloquially Central) is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue at 652 Lexington
Central_Synagogue_(Manhattan)
Orthodox synagogue in Bratislava, Slovakia
the synagogue was completed in 1924. The synagogue is an important example of Slovak religious architecture of the 20th century and it is listed as a
Heydukova_Street_Synagogue
Orthodox synagogue in Budapest, Hungary
the synagogue is one of the most characteristic works of Hungarian synagogue architecture before World War I. The complex includes the synagogue, beit
Kazinczy Street Synagogue, Budapest
Kazinczy_Street_Synagogue,_Budapest
Historic synagogue, now a museum, in Andalusia, Spain
The Córdoba Synagogue (Spanish: Sinagoga de Córdoba) is a historic former Jewish congregation and synagogue located at 20 Calle de los Judíos in the Jewish
Córdoba_Synagogue
Synagogue in Plzeň, Czech Republic
The Great Synagogue (Czech: Velká synagoga, Hebrew: בית הכנסת הגדול בפילסן) is a traditional Czech Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Plzeň
Great_Synagogue_(Plzeň)
Conservative Jewish congregation in Manhattan, New York
Union of Architecture and Art" (PDF). Faith & Form: The Interfaith Journal on Religion, Art and Architecture. 52 (2): 19–23. "Park Avenue Synagogue Renovations"
Park_Avenue_Synagogue
Orthodox synagogue in the Old City of Jerusalem
The Hurva Synagogue (Hebrew: בית הכנסת החורבה, romanized: Beit ha-Knesset ha-Hurva, lit. 'The Ruin Synagogue'), also known as Hurvat Rabbi Yehudah he-Hasid
Hurva_Synagogue
Former Orthodox synagogue in London, England
The Great Synagogue of London was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in the City of London, England, in the United Kingdom.
Great_Synagogue_of_London
Orthodox synagogue in Tel Aviv, Israel
The Great Synagogue of Tel Aviv (Hebrew: בית כנסת הגדול) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 110 Allenby Street, Tel Aviv, Israel
Great_Synagogue_(Tel_Aviv)
Historical synagogue in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Worms Synagogue (German: Synagoge Worms or German: Wormser Synagoge), also known as the Rashi Shul Synagogue, is a Jewish congregation and synagogue located
Worms_Synagogue
11th-century former synagogue in Germany
The Old Synagogue (German: Alte Synagoge; Yiddish: אלטע שול, ערפורט; Hebrew: בית הכנסת הישן (ארפורט)) is a former Jewish synagogue, located in Erfurt,
Old_Synagogue_(Erfurt)
Synagogue in Pune, India
successors in 1867. The synagogue was designed by Henry Saint Clair Wilkins and was an example of English Gothic architecture. The churchlike building
Ohel_David_Synagogue
Orthodox synagogue in Amsterdam, Netherlands
The Portuguese Synagogue, also known as the Esnoga, or Snoge, is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at Mr. Visserplein 3 in Central
Portuguese Synagogue (Amsterdam)
Portuguese_Synagogue_(Amsterdam)
Orthodox synagogue on Djerba, Tunisia
The El Ghriba Synagogue (Arabic: كنيس الغريبة), also known as the Djerba Synagogue, is an ancient Maghrebi Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in
El_Ghriba_Synagogue
Grade II listed Reform synagogue in City of Westminster, London, England
The West London Synagogue, abbreviated WLS, and fully the West London Synagogue of British Jews (Hebrew: ק"ק שער ציון, romanized: Kahal Kadosh Sha'ar
West_London_Synagogue
Receptacle which contains a synagogue's Torah scrolls
built-in arks in synagogues, such as the 1763 Touro Synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island, which was inspired by a trend of grandeur in architectural design. The
Torah_ark
Synagogue in Prague, Czech Republic
The Pinkas Synagogue (Czech: Pinkasova synagoga) is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at Široká 3, in the Jewish Town of Prague, in
Pinkas_Synagogue
Orthodox synagogue in Copenhagen, Denmark
century and their first synagogue completed in 1766. The current synagogue was completed in 1833 and is defined by its unique architecture around the Ark. During
Great_Synagogue_(Copenhagen)
Synagogue in London, England
The New West End Synagogue is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in St. Petersburgh Place, Bayswater, in the City of Westminster, London
New_West_End_Synagogue
Synagogue in Prague, Czech Republic
Synagogue (Czech: Jubilejní synagoga), also known as the Jerusalem Synagogue (Czech: Jeruzalémská synagoga), is an active Orthodox Jewish synagogue,
Jubilee_Synagogue
Synagogue in Tasmania, Australia
in Australia and is a rare example of Egyptian Revival style of synagogue architecture. The Egyptian Revival building was constructed in 1845. The trapezoidal
Hobart_Synagogue
Historic synagogues are synagogues that date back to ancient or medieval times and synagogues that represent the earliest Jewish presence in cities around
Historic_synagogues
Former Orthodox synagogue, now Jewish museum, in Venice, Italy
The Great German Synagogue (Italian: Scuola Grande Tedesca) is a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, that is located in the Jewish Ghetto
Great_German_Synagogue
Orthodox synagogue in Florence, Italy
The Great Synagogue of Florence (Italian: Tempio Maggiore Israelitico di Firenze) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, that is located at
Great_Synagogue_of_Florence
Conservative synagogue in Berlin, Germany
Synagogue which the community outgrew. Because of its Moorish style and resemblance to the Alhambra, the New Synagogue is an important architectural monument
New_Synagogue_(Berlin)
Large Hasidic synagogue in Jerusalem
Belz Great Synagogue (Hebrew: בעלזא בית המדרש הגדול, romanized: Belz Beis HaMedrash HaGadol) is a Hasidic Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at
Belz_Great_Synagogue
German architect (born 1950)
and architectural lecturer, principally known for his output of synagogues in post-war Germany, development of a modern Jewish religious architectural vernacular
Alfred_Jacoby
Modern Orthodox synagogue in Manhattan, New York
The Park East Synagogue is a Modern Orthodox Jewish synagogue originally called Congregation Zichron Ephraim at 163 East 67th Street on the Upper East
Park_East_Synagogue
Orthodox synagogue in Dubrovnik, Croatia
The Dubrovnik Synagogue, commonly called the Old Synagogue, is an Orthodox Jewish synagogue, located in Dubrovnik, Croatia. The synagogue is the oldest
Dubrovnik_Synagogue
Act of removing a religious blessing
org/library/article_cdo/aid/1144404/jewish/Synagogue-Architecture.htm Chabad: Synagogue Architecture "Laws of the Synagogue | Texts & Source Sheets from Torah, Talmud
Deconsecration
Synagogue in Stupava, Slovakia
The Stupava Synagogue is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Hlavná ulica, in Stupava, in the Malacky District of the Bratislava Region
Stupava_Synagogue
Synagogue in Cairo, Egypt
HaShamayim Synagogue (Hebrew: בית כנסת שער השמים, lit. 'Gate of Heaven'; Arabic: كنيس عدلي), also known as Temple Ismailia and the Adly Street Synagogue, is
Sha'ar Hashamayim Synagogue (Cairo)
Sha'ar_Hashamayim_Synagogue_(Cairo)
Synagogue in Milan
The Central Synagogue of Milan (Italian: Sinagoga centrale di Milano) is the main center for Jewish worship in Milan, Italy. Since 1993, it has been known
Central_Synagogue_of_Milan
Synagogue in the City of Exeter, Devon, England
The Exeter Synagogue is a Jewish synagogue, located in Synagogue Place, Mary Arches Street, in the old city of Exeter, Devon, England, in the United Kingdom
Exeter_Synagogue
Former synagogue in North Paravur, Kerala, India
The Paravur Synagogue (Hebrew: בית הכנסת פראבור; Malayalam: പറവൂർ ജൂതപള്ളി), also known as the Parur Synagogue, is a former synagogue, located on Jewish
Paravur_Synagogue
Synagogue in Mumbai, India
Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue (Hebrew: בית הכנסת אליהו, lit. 'Gathering of Elijah'), also Knesset Eliyahu and the Blue Synagogue, is a synagogue, located at 55
Knesset_Eliyahoo_Synagogue
Orthodox synagogue in Paris, France
The Grand Synagogue of Paris (French: Grande Synagogue de Paris, pronounced [ɡʁɑ̃d sinaɡɔɡ də paʁi]), generally known as Synagogue de la Victoire (French
Grand_Synagogue_of_Paris
Neolog synagogue in Szeged, Hungary
Szeged Synagogue (Hungarian: Szegedi zsinagóga), also called the Great Synagogue and the New Synagogue, is a Neolog Jewish congregation and synagogue, located
Szeged_Synagogue
Rosengarten created a new style in synagogue construction, characterized by the desire to signify Jewish integration in architectural terms. He published his views
Albrecht_Rosengarten
Synagogue in Casale Monferrato, Italy
and museum are a magnificent example of Piedmontese Baroque architecture. The synagogue was built in 1595 and is particularly known for its exquisite
Synagogue of Casale Monferrato
Synagogue_of_Casale_Monferrato
Synagogue in Givat Ram, Jerusalem
synagogue building was listed as one of the "ten most beautiful synagogues in Israel," and called "without a doubt, a landmark in local architecture."
Rabbi Dr. I. Goldstein Synagogue
Rabbi_Dr._I._Goldstein_Synagogue
Former Orthodox synagogue in Pretoria, South Africa
The Old Synagogue, also known as The Pretoria Hebrew Congregation, is a former Orthodox Jewish congregation, synagogue, and apartheid-era court house on
Old_Synagogue,_Pretoria
19th-century synagogue in Sydney, Australia
The Great Synagogue is an Orthodox Jewish congregation located in a large heritage-listed synagogue at 187a Elizabeth Street in the Sydney central business
Great_Synagogue_(Sydney)
portal Architecture portal History of the Jews in India Jewish Architectural Heritage Foundation Kerala architecture Synagogue architecture Synagogues in
List_of_synagogues_in_Kerala
Synagogue of Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
The Cymbalista Synagogue and Jewish Heritage Center is a Jewish congregation, synagogue, and cultural center, owned and operated by the Tel Aviv University
Cymbalista Synagogue and Jewish Heritage Center
Cymbalista_Synagogue_and_Jewish_Heritage_Center
Synagogue in Prague Czech Republic
build his own synagogue. Maisel had an important position at Rudolf's court and that probably helped him to gain this favour. The architectural plan for Maisel
Maisel_Synagogue
Orthodox synagogue in Tehran, Iran
Yusef Abad Synagogue (Persian: کنیسه یوسف آباد, romanized: Kanise-ye Yusef Ābād; Hebrew: בית הכנסת יוסף אבאד), officially Sukkat Shalom Synagogue (Hebrew:
Yusef_Abad_Synagogue
Synagogue in São Paulo
organized by Salomão Klabin. The synagogue's architecture is notable as the building has seven sides. The synagogue hosts religious services, while the
Beth_El_Synagogue_(São_Paulo)
Synagogues: Architecture and Context. n.d. Retrieved 30 March 2022. "SUCCAT RAHAMIN SYNAGOGUE (1940s)". Sub-Saharan African Synagogues: Architecture and
List of synagogues in Ethiopia
List_of_synagogues_in_Ethiopia
Branch of architecture associated with Judaism
buildings such as synagogues and mikvehs, as well as Jewish schools. Synagogue architecture List of Jewish architects Jewish Architectural Heritage Foundation
Jewish_architecture
Synagogue in Târgu Mures, Romania
Gartner in an eclectic architectural style, the synagogue was completed in 1900, during the Austro-Hungarian period. The synagogue was included on the National
Status Quo Ante Synagogue (Târgu Mureș)
Status_Quo_Ante_Synagogue_(Târgu_Mureș)
Former Reform synagogue in Neustadt in Oberschlesien, Germany
The Prudnik Synagogue (Polish: Synagoga w Prudniku) was a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Neustadt in Oberschlesien, Germany
Prudnik_Synagogue
Former synagogue in Novi Sad, Serbia
The Novi Sad Synagogue (Serbian: Новосадска синагога, romanized: Novosadska sinagoga) is a former Neolog Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in
Novi_Sad_Synagogue
Synagogue in Istanbul, Turkey
The Ahrida Synagogue (Hebrew: קהל קדוש אכרידה), or Ohrid Synagogue, is a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Ayvansaray Mahallesi, in Balat
Ahrida_Synagogue_of_Istanbul
Orthodox synagogue in Tel Aviv, Israel
portal Judaism portal Architecture in Israel History of the Jews in Israel List of synagogues in Israel "Hechal Yehuda Synagogue". Emporis. {{cite web}}:
Hechal_Yehuda_Synagogue
Synagogue in Willemstad, Curaçao
Israel-Emanuel Synagogue (Hebrew: בית הכנסת מקווה ישראל-עמנואל, lit. 'Hope of Israel-Emanuel Synagogue') is a Reconstructionist Jewish congregation and synagogue, located
Curaçao_Synagogue
Former synagogue in Smolensk, Smolensk Oblast, Russia
The Choral Synagogue (Russian: Синагога (Смоленск)) is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, that is located at Ulitsa Isakovskogo 9, in Smolensk
Choral_Synagogue_(Smolensk)
Neolog synagogue in Budapest, Hungary
Rumbach Street Synagogue (Hungarian: Rumbach utcai zsinagóga), also called the Status Quo Ante Synagogue, is a Neológ congregation and synagogue, located in
Rumbach_Street_Synagogue
Synagogue in Tournelles, France
The Synagogue des Tournelles (French: Synagogue de la rue des Tournelles) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on the Rue des Tournelles
Synagogue_des_Tournelles
Orthodox synagogue in Košice, Slovakia
The New Orthodox Synagogue (Slovak: Nová ortodoxná synagóga) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at Puškinova Street near the historic
New Orthodox Synagogue (Košice)
New_Orthodox_Synagogue_(Košice)
Synagogue in Istanbula, Turkey
The Ashkenazi Synagogue (Turkish: Aşkenazi Sinagogu) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located near the Galata Tower in Karaköy neighborhood
Ashkenazi Synagogue of Istanbul
Ashkenazi_Synagogue_of_Istanbul
Orthodox synagogue in Kraków, Poland
Izaak Synagogue (Polish: Synagoga Izaaka), formally known as the Isaak Jakubowicz Synagogue, is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located
Izaak_Synagogue
Artwork divided into three parts
and Notre Dame de Paris is another example of the use of triptych in architecture. The form is echoed by the structure of many ecclesiastical stained glass
Triptych
Former synagogue in Prague, in the Czech Republic
The Klausen Synagogue (Czech: Klausová synagoga, Yiddish: קלויז שול, romanized: kloyz shul) is a former Jewish synagogue located in Prague, in the Czech
Klausen_Synagogue
Synagogue in Alexandria, Egypt
The Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue (Arabic: كنيس النبي إلياهو; Hebrew: בית הכנסת אליהו הנביא) is a synagogue, located at 69 Nabi Daniel Street, Alexandria,
Eliyahu_Hanavi_Synagogue
Synagogue in Dresden, Germany
The New Synagogue (German: Neue Synagoge) is a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at Hasenberg 1, in the old town of Dresden, Germany. The edifice
New_Synagogue_(Dresden)
Synagogues in Ancona, Italy
the furnishings. List of synagogues in Italy Stiefel, Barry L. (2015-10-06). Jews and the Renaissance of Synagogue Architecture, 1450–1730. Routledge. p
Twin_synagogues_of_Ancona
Sephardic religious complex in Jerusalem
Sephardic Synagogues are a complex of four adjoining synagogues located in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. The four synagogues include:
Four_Sephardic_Synagogues
Orthodox synagogue in Trieste, Italy
Synagogue of Trieste (Italian: Tempio Israelitico di Trieste), also the Great Synagogue of Trieste, is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue,
Synagogue_of_Trieste
Reform synagogue in Manhattan, New York
July 19, 2008. "Temple Emanu-El". "New York Architecture Images- Temple Emanu-El (Synagogue)". Architecture.com. Archived from the original on October
Temple Emanu-El of New York (1930)
Temple_Emanu-El_of_New_York_(1930)
Former synagogue in Žilina, Slovakia
The New Synagogue (Slovak: Nová Synagóga), sometimes referred to as the Neological Synagogue (Slovak: Neologická synagóga) or Neolog Synagogue (Slovak:
New_Synagogue_(Žilina)
Former synagogue in Husiatyn, Ukraine
Commonwealth in 1654, the synagogue is a rare example of Renaissance fortress architecture. After a fire in 1742, the synagogue was rebuilt and almost lost
Great_Synagogue_(Husiatyn)
synagogues in Belarus, reflecting the large Jewish community in the region. By the 20th century, a distinctive style of wooden synagogue architecture
Architecture_in_Belarus
Synagogue in Livorno, Italy
The New Synagogue of Livorno, or Great Synagogue of Livorno (Italian: Tempio Maggiore di Livorno), is a Jewish congregation and synagogue, that is located
New_Synagogue_of_Livorno
Former synagogue in Dresden, Germany
The Semper Synagogue, also known as the Dresden Synagogue or Old Synagogue (German: Alte Synagoge), was a Jewish synagogue, located in Dresden, in the
Semper_Synagogue
Destroyed synagogue in Warsaw, Poland
The Great Synagogue of Warsaw (Polish: Wielka Synagoga w Warszawie) was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, that was located on Tłomackie
Great_Synagogue_(Warsaw)
Orthodox synagogue in Kaliningrad, Russia
Königsberg Synagogue, called at the time, the New Synagogue (German: Neue Synagoge), was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in
Königsberg_Synagogue
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SYNAGOGUE ARCHITECTURE
SYNAGOGUE ARCHITECTURE
Surname or Lastname
Jewish (Ashkenazic)
Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name for a cantor in a synagogue, from Yiddish zinger ‘singer’.English : variant of Sanger 2, in fact a Middle English recoinage from the verb sing(en) ‘to sing’.German : variant of Sänger (see Sanger 1) in the sense of ‘poet’.Isaac Merrit Singer, inventor of the eponymous sewing machine, was born in 1811 in Pittstown, NY, the son of German immigrant Adam Reisinger. He had five wives and fathered 24 children. Singer, who incorporated his company as the Singer Manufacturing Company in 1864, left a fortune worth $13 million to his various heirs.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Kent and Sussex)
English (chiefly Kent and Sussex) : occupational name for a designer or engineer, from a Middle English reduced form of Old French engineor ‘contriver’ (a derivative of engaigne ‘cunning’, ‘ingenuity’, ‘stratagem’, ‘device’). Engineers in the Middle Ages were primarily designers and builders of military machines, although in peacetime they might turn their hands to architecture and other more pacific functions.German : from the Latin personal name Januarius (see January 1). Jänner is a South German word for ‘January’, and so it is possible that this is one of the surnames acquired from words denoting months of the year, for example by converts who had been baptized in that month, people who were born or baptized in that month, or people whose taxes were due in January.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Americanized form of Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) Solovei, ornamental name or occupational nickname for a cantor in a synagogue, from Russian solovei ‘nightingale’.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, German, and Dutch
English, Scottish, German, and Dutch : from Middle English, Middle High German, Middle Dutch horn ‘horn’, applied in a variety of senses: as a metonymic occupational name for someone who made small articles, such as combs, spoons, and window lights, out of horn; as a metonymic occupational name for someone who played a musical instrument made from the horn of an animal; as a topographic name for someone who lived by a horn-shaped spur of a hill or tongue of land in a bend of a river, or a habitational name from any of the places named with this element (for example, in England, Horne in Surrey on a spur of a hill and Horn in Rutland in a bend of a river); as a nickname, perhaps referring to some feature of a person’s physical appearance, or denoting a cuckolded husband.Norwegian : habitational name from any of several farmsteads so named, from Old Norse horn ‘horn’, ‘spur of land’.Swedish : ornamental or topographic name from horn ‘horn’, ‘spur of land’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : presumably from German Horn ‘horn’, adopted as a surname for reasons that are not clear. It may be purely ornamental, or it may refer to the ram’s horn (Hebrew shofar) blown in the Synagogue during various ceremonies.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a person of a cheerful disposition, from Middle English, Old French joie, joye. In some cases it may derive from a personal name (normally borne by women) of this origin, which was in sporadic use during the Middle Ages.Thomas Joy (c. 1610–78), an architect and builder born probably in Hingham, Norfolk, England, appears in land records in Boston, MA, in 1636. He had a considerable influence on Boston architecture.
Male
Hebrew
(Greek Ἀμήν, Hebrew: ×ָמֵן): Greek and Hebrew name AMEN means "truly, so be it, verily." It was a custom which passed over from the synagogues into the Christian assemblies, that when he who had offered up a prayer to God, the others in attendance responded Amen, and thus made the substance of what was uttered their own.Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Lanier 1.Dutch : variant of Leonard.Jewish (western Ashkenazic) : name taken by someone who was good at chanting the Pentateuch at public worship in the synagogue or who regularly did so, from West Yiddish layner ‘reader’ (a derivative of West Yiddish laynen ‘to read’, which comes ultimately from Latin legere ‘to read’).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name for a flax grower or merchant, from German Lein ‘flax’ + agent suffix -er.
SYNAGOGUE ARCHITECTURE
SYNAGOGUE ARCHITECTURE
SYNAGOGUE ARCHITECTURE
SYNAGOGUE ARCHITECTURE
SYNAGOGUE ARCHITECTURE
SYNAGOGUE ARCHITECTURE
SYNAGOGUE ARCHITECTURE
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