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Suite of system components for Linux
systemd is a software suite for system and service management on Linux built to unify service configuration and behavior across Linux distributions. Its
Systemd
UEFI boot manager
systemd-boot is a free and open-source boot manager, previously known as gummiboot. gummiboot was developed by the Red Hat employees Kay Sievers and Harald
Systemd-boot
Device manager for the Linux kernel
that allows access to device information; it was incorporated into the systemd 183 software bundle. User space daemon udevd that manages the virtual /dev
Udev
UNIX system component
more modern init system, with most employing the init provided by the systemd project. Some distributions have elected to create their own System V-init
Init
Linux distribution
rolling-release Linux distribution based on Arch Linux that avoids using systemd, instead allowing users to choose between OpenRC, runit, s6, and dinit
Artix_Linux
Linux message-oriented middleware
such as GDBus (GNOME), QtDBus (Qt/KDE), dbus-java and sd-bus (part of systemd). D-Bus is an inter-process communication (IPC) mechanism initially designed
D-Bus
Event-based Linux init daemon
Upstart was placed in maintenance mode, and other init daemons, such as systemd, were recommended in place of Upstart. Ubuntu moved away from Upstart with
Upstart_(software)
Resource limit method in Linux
other software that uses cgroups, such as Docker, Firejail, LXC, libvirt, systemd, Open Grid Scheduler/Grid Engine, and Google's developmentally defunct
Cgroups
Computer program that runs as a background process
or systemd, the super-server daemon will perform those functions for the process, except for old-style daemons not converted to run under systemd and
Daemon_(computing)
Desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like systems
though XWayland. In May 2011 Lennart Poettering proposed systemd as a GNOME dependency. As systemd is available only on Linux, the proposal led to a discussion
GNOME
German software engineer
original author of PulseAudio, Avahi and systemd. Interview with LCA TV interview with Poettering about systemd at linux.conf.au (Perth, Australia); 2014-01
Lennart_Poettering
Real-time observability platform
Nagios plugins and custom scripts. For log management, Netdata uses the systemd journal format as a unified storage backend. A tool called log2journal
Netdata
Bootstrap: Building from source all the way down". guix.gnu.org. "End of systemd support". Hyperbola Project. 5 August 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
Comparison of Linux distributions
Comparison_of_Linux_distributions
Computer programmer
programmer, best known for developing the udev device manager of Linux, systemd and the Gummiboot EFI bootloader. Kay Sievers made major contributions
Kay_Sievers
Partition used by Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
other hand, FAT32 is always expected on fixed drives. GRUB 2, elilo and systemd-boot serve as conventional, full-fledged standalone UEFI boot managers
EFI_system_partition
Value identifying a user account in Unix and Unix-like operating systems
range 65000–65533. Systemd defines a number of special UID ranges, including 60001-60513: UIDs for home directories managed by systemd-homed 61184-65519
User_identifier
Multi-stage initialisation process of operating system
runlevel. systemd is a modern alternative to SysV init. Like init, systemd is a daemon that manages other daemons. All daemons, including systemd, are background
Booting_process_of_Linux
Family of Unix-like operating systems
include the following: A bootloader, for example GNU GRUB, LILO, SYSLINUX or systemd-boot. This is a program that loads the Linux kernel into the computer's
Linux
Binary file format
wrapper like Debian-based distributions binfmt-support package or systemd's systemd-binfmt.service. According to the kernel docs an executable file type
Binfmt_misc
Any file that contains a reference to another file or directory
than other symbolic links. Dangling symlinks are intentionally created by systemd as key-value data storage when the value is small enough. The symlink name is
Symbolic_link
Linux distribution
allocator is regarded as somewhat slow Dinit as the init system, instead of systemd FreeBSD userland tools, rather than GNU coreutils turnstile, a work in
Chimera_Linux
Utility to manage DNS resolver configuration in Unix-like systems
by systemd-resolved on modern operating systems, which provides a stub resolver in addition to managing resolv.conf. Fedora Linux switched to systemd-resolved
Resolvconf
Protocol
Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10. It is also implemented by systemd-resolved on Linux. LLMNR is defined in RFC 4795 but was not adopted as
Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution
Link-Local_Multicast_Name_Resolution
Protocol to run DNS queries using TLS
configuration changes. systemd-resolved is a Linux-only implementation that can be configured to use DNS over TLS, by editing /etc/systemd/resolved.conf and
DNS_over_TLS
Patched software backdoor
system, it alters the behavior of OpenSSH's SSH server daemon by abusing systemd, allowing an attacker with a specific Ed448 private key to gain administrator
XZ_Utils_backdoor
Operating system for mobile devices
Android is an open-source operating system developed by Google. Android is based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other free and open-source
Android_(operating_system)
Computer feature
time instead of UTC by automatically processing the /etc/adjtime file. systemd can be used to wake a system and run a task at a specific time. In Microsoft
Real-time_clock_alarm
Linux distribution based on musl and BusyBox
GNU Core Utilities, and systemd, respectively. This makes Alpine one of the few Linux distributions not to be based on systemd. For security, Alpine compiles
Alpine_Linux
Topics referred to by the same term
adapt quickly and improvise to solve problems. System D or systemd may also refer to: systemd, a computer startup system for Linux Système D, an album by
System_D_(disambiguation)
Linux distribution based on Debian
other init systems and avoid lock-in by systemd. Devuan offers sysvinit, runit or OpenRC as alternatives to systemd. With the release of Debian 8, some developers
Devuan
Mode of operation in computer operating systems
was first replaced by runlevels and then by systemd states on most major distributions. Although systemd is, as of 2016[update], used by default in most
Runlevel
Configuration file for Domain Name System resolver
utility resolvconf. In systemd based Linux distributions using systemd-resolved.service, /etc/resolv.conf is a symlink to /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv
Resolv.conf
Lightweight systemd free Linux distribution
less powerful x86-based systems. Unlike Debian, antiX does not use the systemd init system; instead, it provides an ISO image in which Runit is set as
AntiX
Relationship between software
boot system systemd is based on a set of configurations that declare the dependencies of the modules to be started: at boot time systemd analyzes all
Transitive_dependency
Disk encryption software
system to be unlocked using a touch screen. For systems running systemd, the systemd-homed component can be used to encrypt individual home directories
Linux_Unified_Key_Setup
American open source software company
Red Hat, LLC (formerly Red Hat Software, Inc. and then Red Hat, Inc.) is an American software company that provides open source software products to enterprises
Red_Hat
Independent distribution developed entirely by volunteers
pkgsrc and other BSD ports collections. In 2014, Void Linux switched from systemd to runit. In May 2018, the project was moved to a new website and code
Void_Linux
Fatal system error screen
on Windows". Stellar. Retrieved February 14, 2025. "Release systemd v255 · systemd/systemd". GitHub. Retrieved December 11, 2023. "Add tool to display
Blue_screen_of_death
Web-based server administration software
Linux, CentOS, Debian, OpenSUSE, Arch Linux, and Ubuntu. Cockpit uses systemd to configure and monitor parts of the system, firewalld for the firewall
Cockpit_(software)
Feature for a Linux environment in Windows
WSL as a Windows Store app Version Comment 0.47.1 First version 0.67.6 systemd support 1.0.0 Generally available; Windows 10 support
Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux
Networking protocol for clock synchronization
implementation was sponsored by the Linux Foundation. systemd-timesyncd is the SNTP client built into systemd. It is used by Debian since version "bookworm"
Network_Time_Protocol
Rolling release Linux distribution
is now enabled by default in the installation process. The migration to systemd as its init system began in August 2012, and it became the default on new
Arch_Linux
Login system for Unix and Unix-like operating systems
manager synonymously. systemd, an init daemon for Linux, has an integrated login manager; its login daemon is called logind. systemd's login manager is a
Login_manager
System call of the Linux kernel
systemd, readahead binary (as part of the boot sequence) was replaced by systemd-readahead. However, support for readahead was removed from systemd in
Readahead
Linux software utility
Data deduplication Flatpak InterPlanetary File System SquashFS zsync "systemd/casync". Retrieved 9 May 2018. "The casync filesystem image distribution
Casync
Linux distribution
December 2021. "Release Announcements". Nixos.org. Retrieved 2023-12-09. "Systemd branch merged". Nixos.org. Retrieved 2025-10-15. "Frequently Asked Questions
NixOS
General-purpose programming language
PCRE PROJ Quartz 2D Raylib Redland RDF S2n-tls Setcontext SFML SDL SQLite systemd Tk VDPAU Vorbis VTD-XML Win32 API Wimlib Windows.h WolfSSH WolfSSL X Toolkit
C_(programming_language)
Software deployment system for Linux by Canonical
developed by Canonical for operating systems that use the Linux kernel and the systemd init system. The packages, called snaps, and the tool for using them, snapd
Snap_(software)
List of software distributions using the Linux kernel
Stahie, Silviu (28 November 2014). "Fork Debian Project Announces the Systemd-less OS Devuan". Softpedia. Archived from the original on 30 November 2014
List_of_Linux_distributions
Purely functional package manager for the GNU system
uses to extend the base operating system in a defined way. In contrast to systemd, a userspace shepherd process runs as the user. Central to the Shepherd
GNU_Guix
Ubuntu or Debian-based Linux distribution
but with a 'functional logind' from systemd. LMDE 3 (named Cindy) completed the switch from sysvinit to systemd. It was based on Debian Stretch and was
Linux_Mint
System configuration file for disk partitions
findmnt), but it's not limited to them — it is also processed by systemd via systemd-fstab-generator for automatic mounting during boot. The fstab file
Fstab
Free Unix-like operating system kernel
distributions bundle the kernel with system software (e.g., the GNU C Library, systemd, and other Unix utilities and daemons) and a wide selection of application
Linux_kernel
Technologies for automatic network connection configuration
includes Microsoft's own implementation of LLMNR. Systemd implements both mDNS and LLMNR in systemd-resolved. Where no DHCP server is available to assign
Zero-configuration_networking
GNU replacement for the Bourne shell
process, process 1. root 1 0.0 0.2 37140 20440 ? Ss 04:44 0:18 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize=53 rhgb $ kill -s SIGKILL 1
Bash_(Unix_shell)
Free and open-source software distribution
able to build their products on top of the Mer core. There is support for systemd, Wayland, Hybris, and other current FOSS software. Zephyr is an attempt
Mer_(software_distribution)
Linux distribution
compilation of its system components, and uses systemd as its primary init system, with tight integration between systemd and various Container Linux's internal
Container_Linux
History of the Ubuntu operating system
2015. With this release, systemd became the default init implementation, replacing Upstart. Though Shuttleworth dislikes systemd, the change was made due
Ubuntu_version_history
Computer programmer
when he resigned as a result of controversies around the proposed use of systemd in Debian. authbind (1998), an open-source system utility "dpkg/dpkg.git/blob
Ian Jackson (computer programmer)
Ian_Jackson_(computer_programmer)
Type of daemon generally run on Unix-like systems
first connection to the sub-daemon). inetd launchd systemd ucspi-tcp xinetd Lennart, Poettering. "systemd for Developers I". Pid Eins. Retrieved 26 April
Super-server
Userspace virtual console for Linux operating system
fork maintained by Aetf since 2011. There was a successor project called systemd-consoled but that project was later dropped in July 2015. Kmscon supports
Kmscon
Mid-weight family of operating systems
both Wayland and X11 sessions available. All releases are available with Systemd. The Xfce, Xfce-AHS, and Fluxbox releases are also available in sysVint
MX_Linux
Issues concerning use of operating systems which use Linux
controversy with the project's perspective on security and the adoption of systemd by leading Linux distributions Critics of Linux on the desktop have frequently
Criticism_of_Linux
Hash functions
since 3.11) Raku Ruby (SipHash 1-3) Swift Rust Operating systems Linux systemd OpenBSD FreeBSD OpenDNS WireGuard The following programs use SipHash in
SipHash
Single computer that supports multiple local users at the same time
2014-03-25. "systemd-logind.service(8)". freedesktop.org. systemd. Retrieved 5 March 2022. "loginctl(1), Seat Commands". freedesktop.org. systemd. Retrieved
Multiseat_configuration
Way of using computer memory
D., Mozilla Firefox, ... System components init daemon: OpenRC, runit, systemd, ... System daemons: polkitd, smbd, sshd, udevd, ... Windowing system:
User_space_and_kernel_space
Linux distribution
based on Arch Linux since version 6.0. Starting with version 6.0, it has systemd as its init system. For more recent versions, a 64-bit processor is required
SystemRescue
Network Time Protocol implementation
has included an SNTP client and server based on OpenNTP. systemd-timesyncd – A Linux and systemd specific client implementation of SNTP. Precision Time
Ntpd
Finnish and American software engineer (born 1969)
points clear, has drawn criticism from Intel programmer Sage Sharp and systemd developer Lennart Poettering, among others.[failed verification] On Sunday
Linus_Torvalds
Debian-based Linux distribution
considering to change from Debian to Devuan, mainly because of problems with systemd. As of 21 January 2019, the Parrot team has begun to phase out the development
Parrot_OS
service?, Google Code Help, accessed December 15, 2010. "Systemd-journal-gatewayd.service". "systemd-journal-remote.service". www.freedesktop.org. "IETF Mesh
List of TCP and UDP port numbers
List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers
System log utility
locally if the receiver is not ready complete input/output support for systemd journal The rsyslog project began in 2004, when Rainer Gerhards, the primary
Rsyslog
Free and open-source operating system for smartphones, based on Alpine Linux
the maintainers announced that postmarketOS would migrate from OpenRC to systemd as its init system for select user interfaces. As of 2025, it is work-in-progress
PostmarketOS
Type of operating system service management
feature-complete Linux init Monit runit Supervisor: A Python implementation s6: Low-level process and service supervision Systemd "Runit - benefits".
Process_supervision
Free and open-source mobile operating system based on LineageOS
/e/ (also known as /e/ OS and /e/OS, formerly Eelo) is a fork of LineageOS, an Android-based mobile operating system, and associated online services. /e/
/e/_(operating_system)
Component of UNIX systems
followed by the command intended to be executed (with root permission). Systemd provides an alternate interface to polkit called run0. The polkitd daemon
Polkit
resigned as a result of controversies around the migration of Debian to systemd.[failed verification] Wichert Akkerman is a Dutch computer programmer who
List of Debian project leaders
List_of_Debian_project_leaders
Arbiter on a node in a packet switching communication network
packet scheduler uses a FIFO implementation called pfifo_fast, although systemd since its version 217 changes the default queuing discipline to fq_codel
Network_scheduler
Web page displayed to new users of a network
options and IPv6 NDP router advertisements. RFC 8910 was implemented in systemd-networkd v254 in July 2023. NetworkManager discussions have also explored
Captive_portal
Configuration file format
flavour. freedesktop.org *.desktop entries are written in an INI flavour. systemd *.service unit configuration files are written in INI. Netatalk's afp.conf
INI_file
Operating system distribution
is based on Fedora 28, upstream Linux kernel 4.18, GCC 8.2, glibc 2.28, systemd 239, GNOME 3.28, and the switch to Wayland. The first beta was announced
Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux
Fedora OS release dates
GNU Compiler Collection 4.6 Responsibility for booting is taken up by Systemd LLVMpipe replacing Mesa software rasterizer Inclusion of BoxGrinder software
Fedora_Linux_release_history
Type of Linux installation
Linux distributions: Gentoo Linux Source Mage GoboLinux CRUX "Version 13.0-systemd". 5 March 2026. Retrieved 6 March 2026. "iii. LFS Target Architectures"
Linux_from_Scratch
Linux distribution based on Arch Linux offering only free software
06-pre-complete parabola-armv7h-systemd-cli-2020.02-image parabola-x86_64-systemd-cli-2022.04-netinstall parabola-i686-systemd-cli-2024.02[needs update] Repository
Parabola_GNU/Linux-libre
Software means of causing computer hardware damage
to cause write amplification and continuously rewriting a small file. Systemd mounts variables used by Unified Extensible Firmware Interface on Linux
Killer_poke
Linux distribution developed by Canonical
kernel networking. Uses the latest long-term release Linux kernel and systemd service manager. Is certified as a guest on AWS, Microsoft Azure, Joyent
Ubuntu
Linux standard for directory structure
to resort to workarounds, such as using /dev/.udev, /dev/.mdadm, /dev/.systemd or /dev/.mount directories, even though the device directory is not intended
Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard
Feature of the Linux kernel that partitions kernel resources
the init system systemd uses namespaces to secure system services. Directives such as PrivateNetwork=yes or PrivateTmp=yes in a systemd service file instruct
Linux_namespaces
American nonprofit organization
Privoxy Rigs of Rods Rocket SproutCore Swathanthra Malayalam Computing systemd The Mana World translatewiki.net Tux4Kids Whisper - talk without Voice
Software in the Public Interest
Software_in_the_Public_Interest
Linux distribution
additional device drivers. OpenELEC 4.0 also switched its init system to systemd. In March 2016, OpenELEC was forked after "creative differences", taking
OpenELEC
Shell command for scheduling periodic jobs
resources. at (command) Launchd List of POSIX commands Scheduling (computing) systemd – incorporates cron equivalent (called timers) fcron Windows Task Scheduler
Cron
Computer programmer and a photographer well known for his dracut initramfs generator
initramfs generator and framework, the udev device manager of Linux, the systemd replacement for the System V init daemon and the Gummiboot EFI boot loader
Harald_Hoyer
MacOS system service management framework
socket will be available in that environment variable. This differs from systemd's socket activation in that the name of a socket definition inside of the
Launchd
Software development philosophy
of Slackware Linux, invoked this design principle in a criticism of the systemd architecture, stating that, "attempting to control services, sockets, devices
Unix_philosophy
Daemonless OCI-compliant container runtime
background service called dockerd to manage its containers, Podman relies on systemd for managing its container life cycles. Podman lets containers run without
Podman
Project for adding Rust language to Linux kernel
devpts debugfs FUSE hugetlbfs pipefs procfs securityfs sockfs sysfs tmpfs systemd udev Kmscon binfmt_misc Wrapper libraries C standard library glibc uClibc
Rust_for_Linux
German funder of open source software
430 RubyGems & Bundler: €668,400 Samba: €688,800 Sequoia PGP: €900,000 systemd: €455,000 WireGuard: €209,000 Yocto Project: €759,000 Free software portal
Sovereign_Tech_Agency
Design language and theme of the GNOME desktop environment
Ryan (May 25, 2011). "First look: Fedora 15 arrives with GNOME 3.0 and systemd". Ars Technica. Retrieved January 2, 2022. Vaughan-Nichols, Steven (May
Adwaita_(design_language)
"Thales Vormetric Data Security Platform" (PDF). IBM. "Journal File Format". systemd.io. Retrieved 2025-08-03. "Ion Binary Encoding". Retrieved 2025-08-07.
List_of_file_signatures
Software security mechanism
Linux kernel seccomp, cgroups and namespaces features. Notably used by Systemd, Google Chrome, Firefox and Firejail. Android was one of the first mainstream
Sandbox_(computer_security)
SYSTEMD
SYSTEMD
SYSTEMD
SYSTEMD
Male
Italian
 Pet form of Italian Leopoldo, POLDI means "people-bold." Compare with another form of Poldi.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Devotee
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English, French, German, Greek
Seer; Oracle
Boy/Male
Scandinavian English
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Wanderering Noble
Girl/Female
Arabic
Bug
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Australian, Chinese, French, Greek
People's Victory; Female Version of Nicholas
Male
Egyptian
, a high-priest of Amen Ra.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Jayadurga | ஜயதà¯à®°à¯à®•à®¾
Goddess Durga
SYSTEMD
SYSTEMD
SYSTEMD
SYSTEMD
SYSTEMD