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Free Unix-like operating system kernel
The Linux kernel is a free and open-source Unix-like kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds
Linux_kernel
Version history of the Linux kernel
the Linux kernel, a free, open-source, and Unix-like kernel that is used on many computer systems and web servers worldwide. Since the Linux kernel's creation
Linux_kernel_version_history
Family of Unix-like operating systems that use the Linux kernel
Linux (/ˈlɪnʊks/ LIN-uuks) is a family of free and open-source software Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, which was first released
Linux
Fatal error condition in Unix-like operating systems
following is an implementation of the Linux kernel final initialization in kernel_init(): static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused) { ... /* * We try
Kernel_panic
Virtualization module in the Linux kernel
Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) is a free and open-source virtualization module in the Linux kernel that allows the kernel to function as a hypervisor
Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine
Operating system distribution
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a commercial Linux distribution developed by Red Hat. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is released in server versions for x86-64
Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux
Linux began in 1991 as a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel. The resulting Linux kernel has
History_of_Linux
Linux kernel APIs and ABIs
The Linux kernel provides multiple interfaces to user-space and kernel-mode code. The interfaces can be classified as either application programming interface
Linux_kernel_interfaces
Graphics card driver for Linux
continue to do so. As AMDgpu is part of the monolithic Linux kernel, it is shipped by most Linux distributions directly. The package suite / install script
AMDgpu_(Linux_kernel_module)
Linux distribution by Oracle
Compatible Kernel (RHCK) – identical to the kernel shipped in RHEL Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (UEK) – based on newer mainline Linux kernel versions,
Oracle_Linux
Feature for a Linux environment in Windows
real Linux kernel – a managed virtual machine (via Hyper-V) that implements the full Linux kernel. As a result, WSL 2 is compatible with more Linux binaries
Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux
Project for adding Rust language to Linux kernel
Rust for Linux is an ongoing project started in 2020 to add Rust as a programming language that can be used within the Linux kernel software, which has
Rust_for_Linux
Finnish and American software engineer (born 1969)
American software engineer who is the creator and lead developer of the Linux kernel since 1991. He also created the distributed version control system Git
Linus_Torvalds
Serious non-fatal error in the Linux kernel
computing, an oops is a serious but non-fatal error in the Linux kernel. An oops may precede a kernel panic, but it may also allow continued operation with
Linux_kernel_oops
Mailing list for Linux kernel development
The Linux kernel mailing list (LKML) is the main electronic mailing list for Linux kernel development, where the majority of the announcements, discussion
Linux_kernel_mailing_list
Mascot of Linux
the Linux kernel. Originally created as an entry to a Linux logo competition, Tux is the most commonly used icon for Linux, although different Linux distributions
Tux_(mascot)
Performance analyzing tool in Linux
originally Performance Counters for Linux, PCL) is a performance analyzing tool in Linux, available from Linux kernel version 2.6.31 in 2009. Userspace
Perf_(Linux)
Dynamically loadable module that extends a running operating system kernel
merge to kernel tree of mainline Linux kernel. Loading a proprietary or non-GPL-compatible module will set a 'taint' flag in the running kernel—meaning
Loadable_kernel_module
Feature of the Linux kernel that partitions kernel resources
Namespaces are a feature of the Linux kernel that partition kernel resources such that one set of processes sees one set of resources, while another set
Linux_namespaces
systems that use the Linux kernel in combination with GNU software should be referred to as Linux or GNU/Linux. Supporters of the term Linux argue that it is
GNU/Linux_naming_controversy
Issues concerning use of operating systems which use Linux
The criticism of Linux focuses on issues concerning use of operating systems which use the Linux kernel. While the Linux-based Android operating system
Criticism_of_Linux
Main distribution point of Linux source code
kernel.org on the World Wide Web is the main distribution point of source code for the Linux kernel, which is the base of the Linux operating system.
Kernel.org
Resource limit method in Linux
cgroups (abbreviated from control groups) is a Linux kernel feature that limits, accounts for, and isolates the resource usage (CPU, memory, disk I/O,
Cgroups
Multi-stage initialisation process of operating system
a Linux kernel image, and execution of various startup scripts and daemons. Those are grouped into 4 steps: system startup, bootloader stage, kernel stage
Booting_process_of_Linux
Operating system based on the Linux kernel
A Linux distribution, often abbreviated as distro, is an operating system that includes the Linux kernel for its kernel functions. Although the term does
Linux_distribution
Linux distribution for Apple Silicon-powered Macs
Asahi Linux is a project that ports the Linux kernel and related software to Apple Silicon-powered Macs, started by Hector Martin. It does so by reverse-engineering
Asahi_Linux
Framework to support computer security models
Linux Security Modules (LSM) is a framework allowing the Linux kernel to support, without bias, a variety of computer security models. LSM is licensed
Linux_Security_Modules
Linux kernel security module
Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a Linux kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies, including
SELinux
Distributed operating system kernel
versions that relied on the AOSP compatibility layer, Linux kernel, and LiteOS kernel. The HongMeng Kernel adopts a microkernel architecture, designed to enhance
HongMeng_Kernel
Free and open-source VPN protocol
the Linux version of the software reached a stable production release and was incorporated into the Linux 5.6 kernel, and backported to earlier Linux kernels
WireGuard
Free software collection
with other kernels such as Linux or FreeBSD. A stable version (or variant) of GNU can be run by combining the GNU packages with the Linux kernel, making
GNU
Fedora OS release dates
Core 1 was based on Red Hat Linux 9. Some of the features in Fedora Core 1 included: Version 2.4.19 of the Linux kernel; Version 2.4 of the GNOME Desktop
Fedora_Linux_release_history
Arbiter for mass storage access in an operating system
Kyber Scheduler - Phoronix". www.phoronix.com. 1 May 2017. Linux kernel docs: Block Subsystem Linux I/O schedulers, from Ubuntu Wiki Operating Systems: Three
I/O_scheduling
Journaling file system for Linux
in version 2.6.19 of the Linux kernel. On 11 October 2008, the patches that mark ext4 as stable code were merged in the Linux 2.6.28 source code repositories
Ext4
for a detailed comparison. Linux distributions that have highly modified kernels—for example, real-time computing kernels—should be listed separately
Comparison of operating system kernels
Comparison_of_operating_system_kernels
Set of real-time patches for Linux kernel
PREEMPT_RT is a feature of the Linux kernel which implements both hard and soft real-time computing capabilities. It was formerly maintained as a set of
PREEMPT_RT
Annual Linux conference
The Linux Kernel Developers Summit (also known as the Linux Kernel Maintainer Summit) is an annual gathering of the top Linux kernel developers. Attendance
Linux Kernel Developers Summit
Linux_Kernel_Developers_Summit
Copy-on-write file system
13), the file system's on-disk format has been declared stable in the Linux kernel. Btrfs is intended to address the lack of pooling, snapshots, integrity
Btrfs
Partition used by Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
UEFI application, a Linux kernel image with EFI Boot Stub enabled can be directly loaded and executed by a UEFI firmware. Such kernel images can still be
EFI_system_partition
Core of a computer operating system
microkernel design. Some kernels, such as the Linux kernel, are both monolithic and modular, since they can insert and remove loadable kernel modules at runtime
Kernel_(operating_system)
Uses in embedded systems
on a real-time kernel alongside the standard kernel. In 2005, the PREEMPT_RT project was initiated to provide a patch to the Linux kernel. In 2024, the
Linux_on_embedded_systems
Version of the Linux kernel without proprietary code
to the Free Software Foundation Latin America, Linux-libre is a modified version of the Linux kernel that contains no binary blobs, obfuscated code,
Linux-libre
Runtime system for operating systems
system kernel. It is the successor to the Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF, with the "e" originally meaning "extended") filtering mechanism in Linux and is
EBPF
Operating systems based on GNU
the Hurd kernel, the Guix package manager, etc.). According to the GNU Project, these also include most operating systems using the Linux kernel and a few
GNU_variants
Computer security technique
libraries. When applied to the kernel, this technique is called kernel address space layout randomization (KASLR). The Linux PaX project first coined the
Address space layout randomization
Address_space_layout_randomization
Console of the Linux kernel
The Linux console is a system console internal to the Linux kernel. A system console is the device which receives all kernel messages and warnings and
Linux_console
Distributed version control software system
created by Linus Torvalds for version control in the development of the Linux kernel. Design goals of Git include speed, data integrity, and support for distributed
Git
Operation that activates display mode in a computer
Phoronix. Retrieved 2013-02-14. "Linux 2 6 29". Linux Kernel Newbies. Retrieved 2013-02-14. "Linux 2 6 31". Linux Kernel Newbies. 2009-09-09. Retrieved
Mode_setting
Mid-weight family of operating systems
through 13.5, updates from the MX Linux repositories, and patches for all the latest "meme bugs" in the Linux kernel. MX-25.3 was released on September
MX_Linux
Filesystem in Unix-like operating systems
running processes in the kernel. In Linux, it can also be used to obtain information about the kernel and to change certain kernel parameters at runtime
Procfs
Software framework of Linux kernel
The device mapper is a framework provided by the Linux kernel for mapping physical block devices onto higher-level virtual block devices. It forms the
Device_mapper
Subsystem of the Linux kernel
The Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) is a subsystem of the Linux kernel responsible for interfacing with GPUs of modern video cards. DRM exposes an API that
Direct_Rendering_Manager
Proprietary software tool for distributed revision control of computer source code
open-source or free-software projects, one of which was the source code of the Linux kernel. The license for the "community" version of BitKeeper had allowed for
BitKeeper
Computer software coding tool
computer software tool designed to find possible coding faults in the Linux kernel. Unlike other such tools, this static analysis tool was initially designed
Sparse
in Linux kernel 4.1 in June 2015 F2FS, added in Linux kernel 4.2[non-primary source needed] UBIFS, added in Linux kernel 4.10 CephFS, added in Linux kernel
List of cryptographic file systems
List_of_cryptographic_file_systems
Linux kernel interface for cryptography
framework in the Linux kernel, for various parts of the kernel that deal with cryptography, such as IPsec and dm-crypt. It was introduced in kernel version 2
Linux_kernel_crypto_API
Sandbox facility for Linux kernel
(short for secure computing) is a computer security facility in the Linux kernel. seccomp allows a process to make a one-way transition into a "secure"
Seccomp
Way of using computer memory
2017-07-18. Retrieved 2016-08-14. "Admin Guide README". Kernel.org git repositories. Linux Kernel Space Definition Entering User Mode at the Wayback Machine
User_space_and_kernel_space
1990s debate regarding the Linux kernel
Torvalds had a written debate over the Internet regarding the Linux kernel and kernel architecture in general. Tanenbaum, the creator of Minix, began
Tanenbaum–Torvalds_debate
Keyboard commands for recovering a Linux machine
SysRq ("System Request") key is a key combination understood by the Linux kernel, which allows the user to perform various low-level commands regardless
Magic_SysRq_key
Legal and public disputes between a software company and Linux vendors and users
the Linux kernel. On 6 March 2003, they announced that they were suing IBM for $1 billion, claiming that IBM transferred SCO trade secrets into Linux. That
SCO–Linux_disputes
Abstraction layer for Linux kernel to show graphics on the system console
The framebuffer subsystem in the Linux kernel fbdev is used to show graphics on a computer monitor, typically on the system console. It was designed as
Linux_framebuffer
OS that runs entirely in kernel-mode
the kernel as loadable kernel modules. Most BSD kernels FreeBSD OpenBSD NetBSD Linux kernel Android Tinfoil Hat Linux Other Unix/Unix-like kernels AIX
Monolithic_kernel
Linux kernel framework
Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS) is a program/framework that enables generating Linux kernel modules whose sources generally reside outside the kernel source
Dynamic_Kernel_Module_Support
The basic components of the Linux family of operating systems, which are based on the Linux kernel, the GNU C Library, BusyBox or forks thereof like μClinux
List of Linux-supported computer architectures
List_of_Linux-supported_computer_architectures
Computing concept
and /dev/urandom. This capability was introduced in Linux version 1.3.30. There are some Linux kernel patches allowing one to use more entropy sources.
Entropy_(computing)
Distributed operating system
HarmonyOS NEXT both discards the common Unix-like Linux kernel and replaces the previous multiple-kernels system with its own bespoke HarmonyOS microkernel
HarmonyOS_5
Software published only in binary code
In 2008, 176 Linux kernel developers signed a Position Statement on Linux Kernel Modules that stated "We, the undersigned Linux kernel developers, consider
Binary_blob
Software for deploying containerized applications
private cloud. When running on Linux, Docker uses the resource isolation features of the Linux kernel (such as cgroups and kernel namespaces) and a union-capable
Docker_(software)
Operating system
Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset (ELKS), formerly known as Linux-8086, is a Linux-like operating system kernel. It is a subset of the Linux kernel, intended
Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset
Embeddable_Linux_Kernel_Subset
Operating system kernel designed as a replacement for Unix
replacement for the Unix kernel, and released as free software under the GNU General Public License. When the Linux kernel proved to be a viable solution
GNU_Hurd
Suite of system components for Linux
of Linux containers. Since version 205, systemd also offers ControlGroupInterface, which is an API to the Linux kernel cgroups. The Linux kernel cgroups
Systemd
Operating system for mobile devices
other devices, such as TVs and PCs), based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open-source software. First released in 2008, Android is the
Android_(operating_system)
Book by Michael Kerrisk
which documents the APIs of the Linux kernel and the GNU C Library (glibc). The book covers topics related to the Linux operating system and operating systems
The Linux Programming Interface
The_Linux_Programming_Interface
Operating system-level virtualization for Linux
Linux systems (containers) on a control host using a single Linux kernel. The Linux kernel provides the cgroups functionality that allows limitation and
LXC
Distributed replicated storage system for Linux
software to the Linux kernel community in July 2007, for possible inclusion in the canonical kernel.org version of the Linux kernel. After a lengthy
DRBD
American Linux kernel developer
Greg Kroah-Hartman is a major Linux kernel developer. As of April 2013[update], he is the Linux kernel maintainer for the -stable branch, the staging subsystem
Greg_Kroah-Hartman
Linux distribution based on Arch Linux offering only free software
system components common to many Linux distributions and the Linux-libre kernel instead of the generic Linux kernel. Parabola is listed by the Free Software
Parabola_GNU/Linux-libre
Virtualisation software
User-mode Linux (UML) is a virtualization system for the Linux operating system based on an architectural port of the Linux kernel to its own system call
User-mode_Linux
Computer security vulnerability (2026)
Linux kernel that allows unauthorized privilege escalation, disclosed by security firm Theori to the public on 29 April 2026 and to the Linux kernel security
Copy_Fail
Rolling release Linux distribution
Arch Linux (/ɑːrtʃ/) is an open source, rolling release Linux distribution. Arch Linux is kept up-to-date by regularly updating the individual pieces
Arch_Linux
Software that controls computer-graphics hardware
Linux kernel module, today, that can be closed source. It just violates the GPL due to fun things like derivative works and linking. The Linux kernel
Free and open-source graphics device driver
Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver
File system structure for locating files
extended in systems such as Linux, BSD, Solaris, and macOS. Windows uses internal path caching mechanisms as part of its NTFS and kernel object manager layers
Directory_(computing)
Linux distribution
μClinux is a variation of the Linux kernel, previously maintained as a fork, that targets microcontrollers without a memory management unit (MMU). It was
ΜClinux
Interface to device driver that appears in filesystem
system, in kernel space. Linux used to have a similar devfs implementation, but it was abandoned later, and then removed since version 2.6.17; Linux now primarily
Device_file
PlayStation 3 feature
or from a Live CD that the distributor's kernel would boot. The installation manual for the Yellow Dog Linux version for PS3 stated, "It was fully intended
OtherOS
Usage of Linux as operating system of choice
customized Linux kernel with a separate runtime environment and software stack compared to the vast majority of other Linux-based systems. Linux runs on
Linux_adoption
Interface to data link layers on a Unix-like system
despite being written for kernel-space. This is accomplished using preprocessor conditions. Since version 3.18, the Linux kernel includes an extended BPF
Berkeley_Packet_Filter
Linux distribution
Hat was forced to defend this decision. GCC 2.96 failed to compile the Linux kernel, and some other software used in Red Hat, due to stricter checks. It
Red_Hat_Linux
Package of Linux utilities from the Linux Kernel Organization
util-linux is a package of utilities distributed by the Linux Kernel Organization for use in a Linux operating system. A fork, util-linux-ng (with ng meaning
Util-linux
Linux distribution by Fedora Project
the Linux kernel. The name of Fedora derives from the original "Fedora Linux", a volunteer project that provided extra software for the Red Hat Linux distribution
Fedora_Linux
Hardening technique in the Linux kernel
Kernel page-table isolation (KPTI or PTI, previously called KAISER) is a Linux kernel feature that mitigates the Meltdown security vulnerability (affecting
Kernel_page-table_isolation
Free software project
is not free." Development was initiated in January 1984. In 1991, the Linux kernel appeared, developed outside the GNU Project by Linus Torvalds, and in
GNU_Project
Documentation generator
building and uploading Sphinx documentation after every commit. The Linux kernel's documentation subsystem underwent changes in 2016. Starting in the 4
Sphinx (documentation generator)
Sphinx_(documentation_generator)
Method by which work is assigned
Alan Cox in his Linux 2.4-ac Kernel series) to the Linux 2.4 kernel used by the distribution. In versions 2.6.0 to 2.6.22, the kernel used an O(1) scheduler
Scheduling_(computing)
Pseudorandom number generator file in Unix-like operating systems
This special file originated in Linux in 1994. It was quickly adopted by other Unix-like operating systems. The Linux kernel provides the separate device
/dev/random
Software interface for Unix-like systems
mainstream Linux kernel tree in kernel version 2.6.14.(2005) The userspace side of FUSE, the libfuse library, generally followed the pace of Linux kernel development
Filesystem_in_Userspace
Free and open-source operating system for smartphones, based on Alpine Linux
that, the use of the Linux kernel from the device's original manufacturer is often necessary. The source code of the original kernel is often made available
Nura_(operating_system)
Software metric used to measure the size of a computer program
(April 2012). "Linux Kernel Development: How Fast it is Going, Who is Doing It, What They are Doing, and Who is Sponsoring It". The Linux Foundation. Retrieved
Source_lines_of_code
Flash file system
Landed In Linux 5.7". Phoronix. Archived from the original on March 5, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2021. "Kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source
ExFAT
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