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See searches and references containing TABASARAN LANGUAGE!TABASARAN LANGUAGE
Lezgic language of southern Dagestan, Russia
Tabasaran (also written Tabassaran) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Lezgic branch. It is spoken by the Tabasaran people in the southern part
Tabasaran_language
Northeast Caucasian ethnic group
000. They speak the Tabasaran language of the Lezgin branch of the Northeast Caucasian family, but the Lezgin literary language and Russian are also
Tabasaran_people
Northeast Caucasian language family
standardized Lezgin literary language. Lezgin, Aghul, Rutul, Tabasaran, Tsakhur and Udi are literary languages. Khinalug may either be Lezgic or an independent branch
Lezgic_languages
Topics referred to by the same term
Tabasaran in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Tabasaran or Tabassaran may refer to: Tabasaran language, Caucasus Tabasaran people, Caucasus Tabasaran
Tabasaran
Letter of the Romanization of Hebrew
Karaim work. Turned g represents a [ɢ] in the transcription of the Tabasaran language by Alexander Amarovich Magometov [ru] in his book Табасаранский язык:
Turned_g
Language family
Tabasaran, Tsakhur and Udi are literary languages. Lezgic family Peripheral: Archi (970 speakers) Samur (or Nuclear Lezgian) Eastern Samur Tabasaran (128
Northeast_Caucasian_languages
There are over 250 languages indigenous to Europe, and most belong to the Indo-European language family. Out of a total European population of 744 million
Languages_of_Europe
Ethnic group in Dagestan
know it. At the same time, Dirr classified Tabasaran as one of the Turkic languages: In the Tabasaran language, there is a strong tendency to harmonize
Dagestani_Azerbaijanis
Sultinate in the 18th and 19th centuries
The Tabasaran Principality or Principality of Tabasaran was an independent monarchic state in southern Dagestan, existing from 1642 until the later 19th
Tabasaran_Principality
Tabasaran poet and teacher
Khanmagomedova (Tabasaran: Ханмягьмадова Зумруд, 1915–2001) was the first Tabasaran woman who received higher education, as well as the first Tabasaran woman poet
Zumrud_Khanmagomedova
Letter of the Latin alphabet
language, Laz language, Lezgian language, Nanai language, Selkup language, Tabasaran language, and Chechen language. It represented a voiced alveolo-palatal
Z_with_descender
Avar, Azerbaijani, Chechen, Dargwa, Kumyk, Lak, Lezgian, Nogai, Rutul, Tabasaran, Tat and Tsakhur. All of these, except Russian, Chechen and Nogai, are
Languages_of_Russia
Northeastern Caucasian language
as 32 people in Azerbaijan. There are nine languages in the Lezgian language family, namely: Aghul, Tabasaran, Rutul, Lezgian, Tsakhur, Budukh, Kryts, Udi
Aghul_language
Ethnic group
processes. In 1876, many Tabasarans were already in the process of switching from Tabasaran to Azeri as their first language. In addition, from the Middle
Azerbaijanis_in_Russia
Chechen: [æ] Ingush: [æ] Tabasaran: [æ] ⟨аӀ⟩: Archi: [aˤ] ⟨вь⟩: Shughni: [w] ⟨гв⟩: Abaza: [ɡʷ] Archi: [gʷ] Lezgian: [gʷ] ⟨гг⟩: Tabasaran: [ɣ] ⟨гу⟩: Adyghe:
List_of_Cyrillic_multigraphs
1920s–1930s script reform campaign
Sámi language (Kildin & Ter) (1931) Selkup language (1931) Shor language (1931) Shughni language (1932) Yakut language (1920/1929) Tabasaran language (1932)
Latinisation in the Soviet Union
Latinisation_in_the_Soviet_Union
Northeast Caucasian language
Kubachi Quba Stal Nine languages survive in the Lezgic language family: Lezgic languages Nuclear Lezgic Eastern Samur Lezgin Tabasaran Aghul Udi Caucasian
Lezgian_language
Medieval Lezgin kingdom
the remaining Samur languages dividing further into western (Tsakhur, Rutul), southern (Kryts, Budukh) and eastern (Lezgian, Tabasaran, Aghul) branches.
Lakzan
This is a list of European languages by the number of native speakers in Europe only. In linguistics, Serbo-Croatian is synonymous with standardised varieties
List of languages by number of speakers in Europe
List_of_languages_by_number_of_speakers_in_Europe
Kweneng, Southern Districts, all in Botswana and Namibia Tabasaran – табасаран чIал Official language in: Dagestan, Russia Tae’ – Tae' Spoken in: South Sulawesi
List_of_language_names
Whistled voiceless alveolar fricative sound
sound also occurs in the Tabasaran language in the Caucasus, and Shehri language in Oman, but this is disputed. In the Shona language, [s͎] is represented
S͎
An endangered language is a language that is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native
List of endangered languages in Russia
List_of_endangered_languages_in_Russia
Samur language of Azerbaijan and Dagestan, North Caucasus
there are eight more languages in the Lezgic group, namely: Lezgian, Tabasaran, Aghul, Budukh, Kryts, Udi, and Archi. The first written documentation
Tsakhur_language
Language belonging to the Lezgic group of the Northeast Caucasian language family
seven more languages in the Lezgic group, namely: Lezgian, Tabasaran, Aghul, Budukh, Kryts, Udi and Archi. Rutulian was not a written language until the
Rutul_language
Republic of Russia
(5.20%) Tabasarans (4.00%) Azerbaijanis (3.70%) Russians (3.30%) Chechens (3.20%) Rutulians (1.00%) Others (3.40%) More than 30 local languages are commonly
Dagestan
Maranao, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan) Tabasaran: Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian) Tagalog: Luzon, Visayas, and
List_of_official_languages
Cyrillic Letter Char
to the Unicode standard. Char was used in the following languages: Lezgian Dargwa Tabasaran Avar 1911 Lezgi alphabet, with char 1892 Dargwa alphabet
Char_(Cyrillic)
Letter of the Cyrillic script
ancestral Slavic language. In certain non-Slavic Cyrillic-based alphabets, such as Chechen, Ingush, and various Dagestanian languages like Tabasaran, the digraph
Soft_sign
Lezgin states between 13th and 18th centuries
city Akhty Recognised national languages Lezgian language Rutul language Aghul language Tsakhur language Tabasaran language Religion Sunni Islam Demonyms
Lezgin_Bekdom
Cyrillic letter used for /ɐ/ in Ossetian
the Ossetian language. The letter was also found in the Lezgin alphabets of 1871 and 1911, the 1892 Dargwa alphabet and the 1875 Tabasaran alphabet. Ligature
Ӕ_(Cyrillic)
Ethnic group native to the Caucasus
number is about 10,000 people. They speak the Udi language, which belongs to the Northeast Caucasian language family. Some also speak Azerbaijani, Russian
Udi_people
Language policy in the Soviet Union
Lezgic Archi Samur West Samur Tsakhur Rutul East Samur Udi Lezgian Aghul Tabasaran South Samur Kryts Budukh Dargin Chirag Kubachi North-Central Dargwa Megeb
Languages_of_the_Soviet_Union
Consonants produced with tongue near or against the uvula
other varieties of Persian) and in some Northeast Caucasian languages, notably Tabasaran, and Pacific Northwest, such as Kwakʼwala. It may also occur
Uvular_consonant
Leader of the Safavid order (1460–1488)
Circassia and Dagestan, he and his men were eventually trapped in 1488 at Tabasaran by the combined forces of the Shirvanshah Farrukh Yassar and Ya'qub Beg
Shaykh_Haydar
Khinalugs Laks Lezgic peoples: Aguls Archin Budukhs Jeks Kryts Lezgins Rutuls Tabasarans Tsakhurs Udis Nakh peoples: Arshtins Bats Chechens Kists Ingush Tsezic
Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus
have several names in different languages, including former names. Many cities have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone
List of names of Asian cities in different languages
List_of_names_of_Asian_cities_in_different_languages
Country in Central Asia
600), Lak (1,590), Tajik (1,280), Georgian (1,050), Lithuanian (224), Tabasaran (180), and Dungan). Religion in Turkmenistan (ARDA 2020 est.) Sunni (93
Turkmenistan
Type of morphosyntactic alignment in linguistic typology
and as "slide" with an agentive argument. Tabasaran Ket, a Yeniseian language (split-S) Yukaghir languages (fluid-S, based on focus and discourse-pragmatic
Active–stative_alignment
Ethnic group in Dagestan (Russia) and Azerbaijan
al-Fitr. The Lezgin language belongs to the Lezgic branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family (with Aghul, Rutul, Tsakhur, Tabasaran, Budukh, Khinalug
Lezgins
linguistic names. Language portal Constructed language and List of constructed languages Language (for information about language in general) Language observatory
Index_of_language_articles
1996 Russian film
village of Richa in the Agulsky District, the village of Maraga in the Tabasaran District, and the old part of Derbent city. A scene portraying mountain
Prisoner_of_the_Mountains
District in Republic of Dagestan, Russia
Tabasaransky District (Russian: Табасаранский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan
Tabasaransky_District
Russian judoka (born 1986)
born 17 June 1986 in Derbent, Dagestan, Russia) is a Russian judoka of Tabasaran and Azerbaijani descents. During his early career, he trained at Derbent
Kamal_Khan-Magomedov
reside in the states of Europe. Groups may be defined by common ancestry, language, faith, historical continuity, etc. There are no universally accepted and
Ethnic_groups_in_Europe
minorities in their respective languages. Under treaties like the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (Art. 11 and 7(1)d) states are obliged
Minority language broadcasting
Minority_language_broadcasting
Variety of North Caucasian dances
Lezgin diaspora Turkey Germany United States Languages Lezgin and Lezgic Related Ethnic Groups Primarily Tabasarans Aghuls More distantly Rutuls Tsakhurs Udins
Lezginka
Lezgin diaspora Turkey Germany United States Languages Lezgin and Lezgic Related Ethnic Groups Primarily Tabasarans Aghuls More distantly Rutuls Tsakhurs Udins
Sheikh_Muhammad_Kurawi
Dagestan emblem was cited in 10 languages: Russian, Avar, Kumyk, Dargin, Lezgin, Turkic, Nogai, Lak, Tat, Tabasaran. The emblem was reconfirmed on June
Coat_of_arms_of_Dagestan
Part of a clause predicate
distinguish predicative nominals from argument nominals. Some languages (e.g., Tabasaran, Pacoh) have a separate predicative case. Nominal sentence See
Predicative_expression
City in Dagestan, Russia
9%) Dargin nations (15.5%) Lezgins (13.9%) Laks (11.8%) Russians (5.9%) Tabasarans (2.3%) Rutuls (1.2%) Nogais (1.0%) Aghuls (1.0%) The city is served by
Makhachkala
Unicode character
Convention. It was also used in the Latinized scripts of the Tabasaran, Kurdish, Lak and Lezgian languages in the 1920s. ᶈ was used to represent a palatalized
ᶈ
Overview of digraphs in the Cyrillic script
/q/ Labialized, the trigraph becomes the unusual tetragraph кхъу /qʷ/. Tabasaran uses gemination for its 'strong' consonants, but this has a different
Cyrillic_digraphs
Religious group
the Jewish population of Kaitag, Tabasaran, and Derbent. He noted: Now there are many, many Jews living in Tabasaran. In another place he wrote: There
Judaism_in_Dagestan
Safavid sheikh (1469–1494)
succeeded his father as head of the Safavid order after his death at Tabasaran in Dagestan in 1488. Ali Mirza Safavi was the first head of the Safavid
Ali_Mirza_Safavi
Ethnic group
Since the 1860s, the Kaitag people have been included in the Kaitago-Tabasaran district of the Dagestan region. According to the 1926 census, the Kaitag
Kaitags
Russian general (born 1973)
Dagestan ASSR within the Russian SFSR, then Soviet Union. Ethnically Tabasaran, his father Usman Muradov was born in Khanak in Tabasaransky District
Rustam_Muradov
Ethnic group in Japan and Russia
language daily.[page needed] The Hokkaido Ainu language is likely extinct today, as there remain no known native speakers. The other Ainu languages,
Ainu_people
Armenian fairy tale
prince the cure for his father and explains he was the red fish. In a Tabasaran tale titled "Илясна гъизил балугъ", translated into Russian as "Ильяс
The_Golden-Headed_Fish
Mountain in Dagestan, Russia
Dagestan. Height - 3015 meters. The summit is located on the border of the Tabasaran, Khivsky, Agulsky and near the ridge of the Kaytagsky District. At a certain
Dzhufudag
Type of fricative consonant sound
of which are Southern African languages—and Tabasaran. The articulation of whistled sibilants may differ between languages. In Shona, the lips are compressed
Sibilant
City in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia
shores of the Caspian Sea, south of the Rubas River, on the slopes of the Tabasaran Mountains (part of the Bigger Caucasus range). Derbent is well served
Derbent
of Northeast Caucasian (Avars, Aghuls, Dargins, Rutulians, Tsakhurs, Tabasarans, Lezgins, Laks, Chechens, Tsez etc.) people, the blue color as the representative
Flag_of_Dagestan
Shah of Safavid Iran from 1501 to 1524
Prophet Mohammad. In 1488, Ismail's father was killed in a battle at Tabasaran against the forces of the Shirvanshah Farrukh Yassar and his overlord
Ismail_I
Chukotkan ethnic group of Kamchatka Krai, Russia
Alyutors spoke the Alyutor language (also known as Nymylan language), which belongs to the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family; however less than 10%
Alyutors
(Tsova-Tish, Batswa) Maistvei (Майствеи), combined into Chechen people Lezgin Tabasaran Agul Archi Rutul (Mykhad) Tsakhur Khinalug Dzhek (Dzhektsy) Khaput (Gaputlin
1926_Soviet_census
Turkic ethnic group in the North Caucasus
the main peoples of Dagestan (Avars, Dargins, Kumyks, Lezgins, Laks, Tabasarans), then the main wealth of Dagestan (arable land, pastures) would go to
Kumyks
official language, the individual republics may declare one or more official languages. Many of these subjects have at least two—Russian and the language of
Ethnic_groups_in_Russia
15th century Lezgin Emirate
Lezgin diaspora Turkey Germany United States Languages Lezgin and Lezgic Related Ethnic Groups Primarily Tabasarans Aghuls More distantly Rutuls Tsakhurs Udins
Samur_Emirate
First-level administrative division of Russia
30, 2022. This figure includes ethnic Avars, Dargins, Lezgins, Kumyks, Tabasarans, and Laks. "Впн-2010". Archived from the original on December 25, 2018
Astrakhan_Oblast
1918–1919 independent state in the North Caucasus
Arabic, and Turkish in later years. Russian was designated as the official language of the Union. The congress held in May 1917 expressed its intention to
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
Mountainous_Republic_of_the_Northern_Caucasus
State comprising multiple nations
(ethnic Azerbaijanis, Chechens, Avars, Dargins, Kumyks, Lezgins, Laks, Tabasarans, Nogais, Aguls, Rutuls, Tsakhurs, Tats and others). There are also 4 autonomous
Multinational_state
German philologist and scholar (1867–1930)
documenting a number of poorly described or endangered languages, including Ubykh, Udi, and Tabasaran. His collection Kaukasische Märchen (“Caucasian Folk
Adolf_Dirr
Phonemically contrasting consonant sounds
universal. Indeed, a number of languages have been proposed as making strength differences independently of voicing, such as Tabasaran, Archi, Udi, and Aghul
Fortis_and_lenis
Constituent units of the Russian Federation
Russian language at the expense of other official languages in the republics. The bill authorized the abolition of mandatory minority language classes
Republics_of_Russia
Selo in Republic of Dagestan, Russia
Khapil Хапиль Гьепӏил Selo Khapil village, Tabasaran district Khapil Location within Republic of Dagestan Show map of Republic of Dagestan Khapil Location
Khapil
Selo in Republic of Dagestan, Russia
Gasik Гасик Гьесихъ Selo A village in the Tabasaran District, Republic of Dagestan Gasik Location within Republic of Dagestan Show map of Republic of
Gasik
Administrative units within the Soviet Union
Makhachkala Aghul, Avar, Azerbaijani, Chechen, Kumyk, Lezgian, Lak, Nogai, Tabasaran, Tat, Russian 1921 50,300 Dagestan Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Oblast
Autonomous republics and oblasts of the Soviet Union
Autonomous_republics_and_oblasts_of_the_Soviet_Union
Selo in Republic of Dagestan, Russia
paremiological world picture (on the material of the Tabasaran, the Agul, the Rutul and the Tsakhur languages)". Herald of Dagestan State University. 31 (2):
Tsakhur_(village)
Russian footballer (born 1999)
Leon Narimanovich Musayev (Russian: Лео́н Нарима́нович Муса́ев; born 25 January 1999) is a Russian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Rodina
Leon_Musayev
11th Russian census
Сойоты 3,608 0.0025% 139 Bukharan Jews Среднеазиатские евреи 32 0% 140 Tabasarans Табасараны 146,360 0.1024% 141 Tajiks Таджики 200,303 0.1402% 142 Taz
2010_Russian_census
Russian military leader
Nuh-bey Tarkovsky Dagestan Russo-Japanese War "Табасаранский Абдул-Бек (Tabasaran Abdul-Beck)". famous-birthdays.ru. Retrieved 2023-02-09. "Русская армия
Abdul-bey_Tabasaransky
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɢ⟩ in IPA
uvular plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is pronounced like a voiced velar plosive [ɡ], except that the tongue
Voiced_uvular_plosive
Most Udis speak Udi language that is a member of the Northeast Caucasian language family. Udi is related to Lezgian and Tabasaran. It is believed this
Ethnic_minorities_in_Armenia
18th century Lezgin leader
Sunni Muslims. By 1711, the uprising had spread throughout the lands of Tabasaran, Samur, and Shirvan, and Haji Davud had become one of the leaders of the
Haji_Davud
Second conflict of the Russo-Persian Wars
Caspian Sea. On 15 July 1722, Peter issued a manifesto in several local languages justifying the invasion, drawn up by Dimitrie Cantemir. Peter gathered
Russo-Persian_War_(1722–1723)
Term denoting the Kumyk-Lak state
too defeated and killed in Tabasaran. In 1500 Shah Ismail I, the son of Heydar, made a foray into Dagestan, seized Tabasaran and brutally cracked down
Gazikumukh_Shamkhalate
Russian linguist, general and engineer (1816–1875)
various linguistic groups, such as Abkhaz, Ubykh, Svan, Chechen, Avar, Lak, Tabasaran, Lezgian, Dargin, etc. Pre-reform orthography: Пётръ Карловичъ Усларъ
Peter_von_Uslar
Layzanshah
Muhammad had earlier ruled Tabasaran in the time of his grandfather Muhammad ibn Yazid, of whom very little is known. Tabasaran was afterwards held by his
Muhammad_II_of_Shirvan
Provisional government in Dagestan during the Russian Civil War
increased from the Dargin District to include the Kazi-Kumukh and Kaitag-Tabasaran districts. By the end of October, it was receiving medical, financial
Security Council of the Northern Caucasus and Dagestan
Security_Council_of_the_Northern_Caucasus_and_Dagestan
Town in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia
Kumyks (15.7%) Lezgins (10.0%) Russians (2.1%) Avars (2.6%) Laks (1.7%) Tabasarans (0.8%) M. M. Medzhidov Professional and Pedagogical College Izberbash
Izberbash
Rutul (Mykhabyr): Dagestan, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains Tabasarans: Dagestan, European Russia, Northern Caucasus Mountains Tsakhur (Yiqby):
List_of_Indigenous_peoples
1828–1859 state in the North Caucasus
Language. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 98–100. ISBN 978-3-11-016578-4. Dadayev, Yusup (25 December 2008). "ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ЯЗЫК ИМАМАТА" [OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
Caucasian_Imamate
Yupik who live near the Bering Strait
as Yuit), a Yupik language of the Eskimo–Aleut family of languages. Sirenik Eskimos also live in that area, but their extinct language, Sireniki Eskimo
Siberian_Yupik
Process of creating national territorial units from the ethnic diversity of USSR
from the ethnic diversity of the USSR and its subregions. The Russian-language term for this Soviet state policy was razmezhevanie (from Russian:
National delimitation in the Soviet Union
National_delimitation_in_the_Soviet_Union
11th Shirvanshah (ruled 1027–1034)
Manuchihr's son Hormuzd died on 9 April 1065 on the hereditary estate in Tabasaran and was buried there beside his maternal uncles, which indicates that
Manuchihr_I_of_Shirvan
Selo in Republic of Dagestan, Russia
Arablinskoye are the nearest rural localities. Azerbaijanis, Aghuls, Lezgins, Tabasarans, Rutuls, Dargins and Russians live there. Село Хазар на карте "Всероссийская
Khazar,_Republic_of_Dagestan
Series of wars fought for control of the Caucasus
Khamzin, Sindan (also known as Sughdan or Masdar), Layzan (or al-Lakz), Tabasaran, Sharwan, and Filan. According to Semyonov, these events are mis-dated
Arab–Khazar_wars
1817–1864 invasion of the Caucasus by the Russian Empire
Avars Chechens Lezgins Ingush Dargins Kumyks Karachays Balkars Ossetians Tabasarans Laks Polish volunteers Commanders and leaders Tsar Alexander I Tsar Nicholas
Caucasian_War
Federal constituent entities of Russia
only in three of them. Four of those territories have a second official language in addition to Russian: Buryat (in two of the merged territories), Komi-Permian
Federal_subjects_of_Russia
Irredentist concept
homeland of the Lezgins, as well as the area of distribution of the Lezgin language. While ancient Greek historians, including Herodotus, Strabo, and Pliny
Lezgistan
travel, tourism, insurance
TABASARAN LANGUAGE
TABASARAN LANGUAGE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the male personal name Manasseh, Hebrew Menashe ‘one who causes to forget’ (see Manasse), borne in the Middle Ages by Christians as well as by Jews. Hebrew Menashe and its reflexes in other Jewish languages have always been popular among Jews.English : occupational name for someone who made handles for agricultural and domestic implements, from an agent derivative of Anglo-Norman French mance ‘handle’ (Old French manche, Late Latin manicus, a derivative of manus ‘hand’).
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : patronymic from the personal name John. As an American family name, Johnson has absorbed patronymics and many other derivatives of this name in continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)Johnson is the second most frequent surname in the U.S. It was brought independently to North America by many different bearers from the 17th and 18th centuries onward.
Surname or Lastname
English, Welsh, German, etc.
English, Welsh, German, etc. : ultimately from the Hebrew personal name yÅÌ£hÄnÄn ‘Jehovah has favored (me with a son)’ or ‘may Jehovah favor (this child)’. This personal name was adopted into Latin (via Greek) as Johannes, and has enjoyed enormous popularity in Europe throughout the Christian era, being given in honor of St. John the Baptist, precursor of Christ, and of St. John the Evangelist, author of the fourth gospel, as well as others of the nearly one thousand other Christian saints of the name. Some of the principal forms of the personal name in other European languages are Welsh Ieuan, Evan, Siôn, and Ioan; Scottish Ia(i)n; Irish Séan; German Johann, Johannes, Hans; Dutch Jan; French Jean; Italian Giovanni, Gianni, Ianni; Spanish Juan; Portuguese João; Greek IÅannÄ“s (vernacular Yannis); Czech Jan; Russian Ivan. Polish has surnames both from the western Slavic form Jan and from the eastern Slavic form Iwan. There were a number of different forms of the name in Middle English, including Jan(e), a male name (see Jane); Jen (see Jenkin); Jon(e) (see Jones); and Han(n) (see Hann). There were also various Middle English feminine versions of this name (e.g. Joan, Jehan), and some of these were indistinguishable from masculine forms. The distinction on grounds of gender between John and Joan was not firmly established in English until the 17th century. It was even later that Jean and Jane were specialized as specifically feminine names in English; bearers of these surnames and their derivatives are more likely to derive them from a male ancestor than a female. As a surname in the British Isles, John is particularly frequent in Wales, where it is a late formation representing Welsh Siôn rather than the older form Ieuan (which gave rise to the surname Evan). As an American family name this form has absorbed various cognates from continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)
Surname or Lastname
English and French (Léonard)
English and French (Léonard) : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements leo ‘lion’ (a late addition to the vocabulary of Germanic name elements, taken from Latin) + hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’, which was taken to England by the Normans. A saint of this name, who is supposed to have lived in the 6th century, but about whom nothing is known except for a largely fictional life dating from half a millennium later, was popular throughout Europe in the early Middle Ages and was regarded as the patron of peasants and horses.Irish (Fermanagh) : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Mac Giolla Fhionáin or of Langan.Americanized form of Italian Leonardo or cognate forms in other European languages.The French Léonard family were at Château Richer, Quebec, by 1698, having come from Maine, France.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the female personal name Elizabeth. Compare Hibbs 2.English : nickname for someone with very fair hair or skin, from Middle English, Old English lilie ‘lily’ (Latin lilium). The Italian equivalent Giglio was used as a personal name in the Middle Ages. In English and other languages there has also been some confusion with forms of Giles.English : habitational name from places called Lilley, in Hertfordshire and Berkshire. The Hertfordshire place was named in Old English as ‘flax-glade’, from līn ‘flax’ + lēah ‘woodland clearing’. The Berkshire name is from Old English Lillinglēah ‘wood associated with Lilla’, an Old English personal name.
Surname or Lastname
English and Welsh
English and Welsh : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Jon(e) (see John). The surname is especially common in Wales and southern central England. In North America this name has absorbed various cognate and like-sounding surnames from other languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from the Middle English personal name Ma(t)thew, vernacular form of the Greek New Testament name Matthias, Matthaios, which is ultimately from the Hebrew personal name Matityahu ‘gift of God’. This was taken into Latin as Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus respectively, the former being used for the twelfth apostle (who replaced Judas Iscariot) and the latter for the author of the first Gospel. In many European languages this distinction is reflected in different surname forms. The commonest vernacular forms of the personal name, including English Matthew, Old French Matheu, Spanish Mateo, Italian Matteo, Portuguese Mateus, Catalan and Occitan Mateu are generally derived from the form Matthaeus. The American surname Matthew has also absorbed European cognates from other languages, including Greek Mathias and Mattheos.It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the U.S. is used as a family name among families from southern India.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Matthew. In North America, this form has assimilated numerous vernacular derivatives in other languages of Latin Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus.Irish (Ulster and County Louth) : used as an Americanized form of McMahon.
Boy/Male
Indian, Modern, Sanskrit
Together
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc.
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc. : from the Latin personal name Lucas (Greek Loukas) ‘man from Lucania’. Lucania is a region of southern Italy thought to have been named in ancient times with a word meaning ‘bright’ or ‘shining’. Compare Lucio. The Christian name owed its enormous popularity throughout Europe in the Middle Ages to St. Luke the Evangelist, hence the development of this surname and many vernacular derivatives in most of the languages of Europe. Compare Luke. This is also found as an Americanized form of Greek Loukas.Scottish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Lùcais (see McLucas).As a French name Lucas has been recorded in Canada since 1653, taken to Trois Rivières, Quebec, by one Lucas-Lépine from Normandy.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : status name or occupational name from Middle English, Old French maresc(h)al ‘marshal’. The term is of Germanic origin (compare Old High German marah ‘horse’, ‘mare’ + scalc ‘servant’). Originally it denoted a man who looked after horses, but by the heyday of medieval surname formation it denoted on the one hand one of the most important servants in a great household (in the royal household a high official of state, one with military responsibilities), and on the other a humble shoeing smith or farrier. It was also an occupational name for a medieval court officer responsible for the custody of prisoners. An even wider range of meanings is found in some other languages: compare for example Polish Marszałek (see Marszalek). The surname is also borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.As the fourth chief justice of the U.S., John Marshall (1755–1835) was the principal architect in consolidating and defining the powers of the Supreme Court. He was a descendant of John Marshall of Ireland, who settled in Culpeper Co., VA, sometime before 1655.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English : habitational name from Ludwick Hall in Bishops Hatfield, Hertfordshire, probably named from the Old English personal name Luda + Old English wÄ«c ‘outlying (dairy) farm’.
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from Latin Marcus, the personal name of St. Mark the Evangelist, author of the second Gospel. The name was borne also by a number of other early Christian saints. Marcus was an old Roman name, of uncertain (possibly non-Italic) etymology; it may have some connection with the name of the war god Mars. Compare Martin. The personal name was not as popular in England in the Middle Ages as it was on the Continent, especially in Italy, where the evangelist became the patron of Venice and the Venetian Republic, and was allegedly buried at Aquileia. As an American family name, this has absorbed cognate and similar names from other European languages, including Greek Markos and Slavic Marek.English, German, and Dutch (van der Mark) : topographic name for someone who lived on a boundary between two districts, from Middle English merke, Middle High German marc, Middle Dutch marke, merke, all meaning ‘borderland’. The German term also denotes an area of fenced-off land (see Marker 5) and, like the English word, is embodied in various place names which have given rise to habitational names.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Marck, Pas-de-Calais.German : from Marko, a short form of any of the Germanic compound personal names formed with mark ‘borderland’ as the first element, for example Markwardt.Americanization or shortened form of any of several like-sounding Jewish or Slavic surnames (see for example Markow, Markowitz, Markovich).Irish (northeastern Ulster) : probably a short form of Markey (when not of English origin).
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and German
English, French, and German : from the vernacular form of the Hebrew personal name Yehuda ‘Judah’ (of unknown meaning). In the Bible, this is the name of Jacob’s eldest son. It was not a popular name among Christians in medieval Europe, because of the associations it had with Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Christ for thirty pieces of silver. Among Jews, however, the Hebrew name and its reflexes in various Jewish languages (such as Yiddish Yude) have been popular for generations, and have given rise to many Jewish surnames.French : name for a Jew, Old French jude (Latin Iudaeus, Greek Ioudaios, from Hebrew Yehudi ‘member of the tribe of Judah’).English : from a pet form of Jordan.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Jacob. As an American surname this name has absorbed cognates from other languages, for example Danish, Norwegian, and Dutch Jacobsen and Swedish Jacobsson.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás)
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás) : from a medieval personal name, which comes from the Hebrew male personal name Yona, meaning ‘dove’. In the book of the Bible which bears his name, Jonah was appointed by God to preach repentance to the city of Nineveh, but tried to flee instead to Tarshish. On the voyage to Tarshish, a great storm blew up, and Jonah was thrown overboard by his shipmates to appease God’s wrath, swallowed by a great fish, and delivered by it on the shores of Nineveh. This story exercised a powerful hold on the popular imagination in medieval Europe, and the personal name was a relatively common choice. The Hebrew name and its reflexes in other languages (for example Yiddish Yoyne) have been popular Jewish personal names for generations. There are also saints, martyrs, and bishops called Jonas venerated in the Orthodox Church. Ionas is found as a Greek family name.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : respelling of Yonis, with Yiddish possessive -s.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and northern Irish
English, Scottish, and northern Irish : patronymic from Jack 1. As an American surname this has absorbed other patronymics beginning with J- in various European languages.This extremely common British name was brought over by numerous different bearers in the 17th and 18th centuries. One forebear was the father and namesake of the seventh U.S. president, Andrew Jackson, who migrated to SC from Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland in 1765. The Confederate General Thomas ‘Stonewall’ Jackson came from VA, where his great-grandfather John, likewise of Scotch–Irish stock, had settled after emigrating to America in 1748.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a Latinist, a clerk who wrote documents in Latin, from Anglo-Norman French latinier, latim(m)ier. Latin was more or less the universal language of official documents in the Middle Ages, displaced only gradually by the vernacular—in England, by Anglo-Norman French at first, and eventually by English.
Boy/Male
Arabic
Hallowed; Magnified
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German : from a short form of the personal name Matthias (see Matthew) or any of its many cognates, for example Norman French Maheu.English, French, Dutch, and German : from a nickname or personal name taken from the month of May (Middle English, Old French mai, Middle High German meie, from Latin Maius (mensis), from Maia, a minor Roman goddess of fertility). This name was sometimes bestowed on someone born or baptized in the month of May; it was also used to refer to someone of a sunny disposition, or who had some anecdotal connection with the month of May, such as owing a feudal obligation then.English : nickname from Middle English may ‘young man or woman’.Irish (Connacht and Midlands) : when not of English origin (see 1–3 above), this is an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Miadhaigh ‘descendant of Miadhach’, a personal name or byname meaning ‘honorable’, ‘proud’.French : habitational name from any of various places called May or Le May.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name from Mayen, a place in western Germany.Americanized spelling of cognates of 1 in various European languages, for example Swedish Ma(i)j.Chinese : possibly a variant of Mei 1, although this spelling occurs more often for the given name than for the surname.Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware Bay, is named after the Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen May.
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