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Language isolate of South America
Taruma (Taruamá) is a nearly extinct, divergent language isolate of northeastern South America. It has been reported to be extinct several times since
Taruma_language
Topics referred to by the same term
Taruma may refer to: Tarumã, city in São Paulo, Brazil Taruma language, indigenous language of Brazil Taruma people, indigenous people of Brazil, Guyana
Taruma
Indigenous people of Brazil, Guyana and Suriname
The Taruma (Saloema in Suriname; Tarənos in the Tiriyó language, Taruma: Hojasu) are an Indigenous people found in the northern Brazil, southern Guyana
Taruma_people
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɸ⟩ in IPA
(PDF). Mother Tongue. 12: 179–202. Serke, Anna K. (2022). A description of Taruma phonology (Thesis). Universitat Leiden. Göksel & Kerslake (2005:6) Holt
Voiceless_bilabial_fricative
Municipality in Southeast, Brazil
Tarumã is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It was founded in October 20, 1927 and has a population of 15,183. It is 455 km away from
Tarumã
Language that has no demonstrable genetic relationship with other languages
K. (2022). A description of Taruma phonology (Thesis). Universitat Leiden. Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley
Language_isolate
Andamanese languages Australian languages and Tasmanian languages Caucasian languages Khoisan languages Nuba Mountains languages Paleo-Siberian
List_of_language_families
Nambikwaran Tikuna–Yuri Yanomaman Aikanã Awaké Irantxe Máku Kanoê Kwaza Matanawí Taruma Trumai Boran Xukuruan Yaté (Fulniô) Spanish is understood to various degrees
Languages_of_Brazil
Jivaroan–Cahuapanan Kalianan Kandoshi–Omurano–Taushiro (Macro-)Katembri–Taruma Kaweskar language area Keresiouan (Macro-Siouan, Keresan and Yuchi) Lule–Vilelan
Indigenous languages of the Americas
Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas
Language family of Central and South America
Macro-Jê languages. Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Andaki, Barbakoa, Choko, Duho, Paez, Sape, and Taruma language families
Chibchan_languages
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʐ⟩ in IPA
Germanic Languages. Routledge language family descriptions. Routledge. p. 273. ISBN 0-415-28079-6. Serke, Anna (2022). A description of Taruma phonology
Voiced_retroflex_fricative
Proposed language family of Brazil
1922. For the Mura-Matanawi languages, Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Kwaza, Taruma, Katukina-Katawixi, Arawak, Jeoromitxi
Mura-Matanawi_languages
Town in Bolivia
Tarumá is a small, possibly unincorporated town in Santa Cruz, Bolivia that lies along Route 7, between San Luis and Tiquipaya.[citation needed] Tarumá
Tarumá
Indigenous language family in South America
Taruma, Trumai, Yanomami, Harakmbet, Katukina-Katawixi, Arawak, Bororo, Karaja, Macro-Mataguayo-Guaykuru, Takana, Nadahup, and Puinave-Kak language families
Tupian_languages
Indigenous South American language family
Pano, Takana, Puinave-Nadahup, Taruma, Tupi, Urarina, Witoto-Okaina, Yaruro, Zaparo, Saliba-Hodi, and Tikuna-Yuri language families due to contact. However
Arawakan_languages
Former kingdom in Indonesia
Tarumanagara or Taruma Kingdom or just Taruma was an early Sundanese Indianised kingdom[broken anchor], located in western Java, whose 5th-century ruler
Tarumanagara
Pre-Columbian languages of subcontinent
The indigenous languages of South America are those whose origin dates back to the pre-Columbian era. The subcontinent has great linguistic diversity
Indigenous languages of South America
Indigenous_languages_of_South_America
Indigenous language spoken in parts of South America
lexical similarities with the Irantxe, Taruma, Katukina-Katawixi, Puinave-Kak, Tupi, Arawa, Guahibo, and Jivaro language families due to contact. Yanomami
Yanomaman_languages
Language family spoken in Peru and Ecuador
similarities with the Quechuan, Kwaza, Taruma, Yanomami, Katukina-Katawixi, Kandoshi, Tupi, and Arawan language families due to contact. This suggests
Chicham_languages
Rejected language macrofamily proposal of the Americas
Tupian) Ge–Pano–Carib Macro-Ge Macro-Panoan Macro-Carib Nambikwara Huarpe Taruma Below is the current state of Amerindian classification, as given in An
Amerind_languages
Group of languages
with the Guato, Kawapana, Nambikwara, Taruma, Warao, Arawak, Bororo, Jeoromitxi, Karaja, Rikbaktsa, and Tupi language families due to contact. Extensive
Cariban_languages
Alliance of various Eurasian nomads – 6th to 9th centuries
sister branch of the Mongolic languages. Together, the Serbi–Awar and Mongolic languages make up the Serbi–Mongolic languages. Some scholars like Omeljan
Pannonian_Avars
Soccer club
Esporte Clube Tarumã, commonly known as Tarumã, is a football (soccer) club from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. They competed in the Campeonato Amazonense once
Esporte_Clube_Tarumã
Language family of South America
the Arutani, Paez, Sape, Taruma, Witoto-Okaina, Saliba-Hodi, Tikuna-Yuri, Pano, Barbakoa, Bora-Muinane, and Choko language families due to contact. There
Tucanoan_languages
Arawakan Chané, Chaná Languages of probable Arawakan affinities Arauá group Apolista (Lapachu) Amuesha Tucuna (Tikuna) Tarumá Tacana Languages of possible Arawakan
Classification of the Indigenous languages of the Americas
Classification_of_the_Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas
Endangered language spoken in Brazil
similarities with the Taruma, Arawak, Jeoromitxi, Arawa, Jivaro, Mura-Matanawi, Nambikwara, Peba-Yagua, Aikanã, and Kanoe language families due to contact
Kwaza_language
Cariban language spoken in Brazil and Guyana
Karafawyana [pt], Sikiana, Tunayana [pt], and Parukoto. Two men of the Taruma people also lived among the Waiwai, but they died "several years" before
Waiwai_language
Languages of the region
Taruma, Atorada, Warrau, Arecuna, Akawaio and Patamona. Some of these languages are still spoken there by a few people. Creoles are contact languages
Languages_of_the_Caribbean
Language family of South America
Mura-Matanawi, Taruma, Yanomami, Arawak, Nadahup, Puinave-Kak, and Tupi language families due to contact. Arauan consists of half a dozen languages: Arawá †
Arawan_languages
The following is a list of proposed language families, which connect established families into larger genetic groups (macro-families). Support for these
List of proposed language families
List_of_proposed_language_families
Arawakan language spoken in Guyana and Brazil
Wapishana (Wapixana) is an Arawakan language of Guyana and Brazil. It is spoken by over 13,000 people on both sides of the Guyana-Brazil border. In Brazil
Wapishana_language
Arawakan language of South America
the last two speakers of the language are living in Kwamalasamutu. In the 1840s, the Mawayana were in contact with the Taruma, but both groups have amalgamated
Mawayana_language
River in Brazil
The Tarumã Açu River (Portuguese: Igarapé Tarumã Açu) is a river in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It is a left tributary of the Rio Negro, which it enters
Tarumã_Açu_River
Extinct language of Brazil
scientifique. "Taruma". Endangered Languages. Retrieved 2026-09-04. Epps, Patience; Michael, Lev, eds. (2023). Amazonian Languages: Language Isolates. Volume
Katembri_language
Species of tree
Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil. In Brazil it is commonly called tarumã. The tarumã grows to be up to ten metres tall. Its bark is coloured dark grey;
Vitex_megapotamica
Island and region in Indonesia
context of Southeast Asia it is also referred to as the Classic period. The Taruma kingdom of western Java existed from the 5th to the 7th centuries, while
Java
Ethnic group
"Of medium height, their skin lighter than that of Tarumas, in their general appearance and language they resemble the Makuskis a good deal. The Woyawais
Wai-wai_people
Language family of South America
Puinave-Nadahup, Taruma, Tupi, Yanomami, and Arawak language families due to contact. This suggests that Katukinan and the language families with which
Katukinan_languages
sports, team sports as well as cultural events and political events. ‘Vovô’, Tarumã sofre com a aposentadoria Archived 2013-12-03 at the Wayback Machine Gazeta
List of indoor arenas in Brazil
List_of_indoor_arenas_in_Brazil
Online bibliographic database of languages
of the world's languages. In addition to listing linguistic materials (grammars, articles, dictionaries) describing individual languages, the database
Glottolog
River in Brazil
The Tarumã Mirim River (Portuguese: Igarapé Tarumã Mirim) is a river in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It is a left tributary of the Rio Negro, which it
Tarumã_Mirim_River
State highway in São Paulo, Brazil
Ribeirão Preto, Sertãozinho, Jaboticabal, Itápolis, Marília, Assis and Tarumã at the shores of the Paranapanema River, by the border with Paraná. "Pesquisa
SP-333_(São_Paulo_highway)
Village in Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana
near the Kwitaro River on the edge of the Kanuku Mountains. A minority of Taruma also inhabit the village. The Wapishana used to live in small settlements
Maruranau
Historical states Buni culture, 400 BC – 500 AD Taruma Kingdom, 358–659 Sunda Kingdom, 659–1527 Banten Sultanate, 1527–1619 Dutch East India Company,
History_of_Jakarta
River in Brazil
River is a river of Mato Grosso do Sul state in southwestern Brazil.The Rio Tarumã is part of the Rio Paraná watershed, and a tributary of the Paraguay River
Tarunã_River
Tributary of the Amazon River
settled along its banks in the midst of numerous tribes: Manau, Aruák, and Tarumá Indians. After 1700, slaving along the river was common, and Native American
Rio_Negro_(Amazon)
Municipality in Southeast, Brazil
formed by the city of Assis, with its single district headquarters since Tarumã became a separate municipality in 1990. The city is known for its title
Assis
Earliest inhabitants of Guyana
Guyana, Trinidad and Venezuela Mapidian (also known as Mawayana), southwest Taruma, Guyana, Brazil, Suriname. Recognised in Maruranau by the Wapishana. Tiriyó
Indigenous_peoples_in_Guyana
Japanese manga series by Yuu Watase
Shinzaho of the Genbu's priestess after their deaths. Inami (牛宿) / Tarma (タルマ, Taruma) Voiced by: Masako Katsuki (drama CD) Inami is a senior prostitute. She
Fushigi_Yûgi:_Genbu_Kaiden
Anti-communist killings and unrest in Indonesia
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66
Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965–66
Language family
Kunimaipan languages are a small language family spoken in Papua New Guinea. They are a subclass of the Goilalan languages. The attested languages are: Kunimaipa
Kunimaipan_languages
lists the Indigenous languages of South America. Extinct languages are marked by dagger signs (†). Demographics of Indigenous languages of South America by
List of Indigenous languages of South America
List_of_Indigenous_languages_of_South_America
Historical region in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
a total population around 300,000, who have their own language known as the Kutainese language which accompanies their own rich history. Today, the name
Kutai
Muslim kingdom in Indonesia, 1486–1950
Ternate Language as the language of association in various regions which were under its influence. E.K.M Masinambouw [id], in his text "Ternate Language in
Sultanate_of_Ternate
Capital and largest city of Amazonas, Brazil
Raimundo and Educandos streams are completely contained in the city. The Tarumã Açu forms the western boundary of the city in its lower reaches, and is
Manaus
Most populous city in Brazil
primary language is Portuguese. The general language from São Paulo General, or Tupi Austral (Southern Tupi), was the Tupi-based trade language of what
São_Paulo
South American auto racing series
Fuel Tank: Kevlar, 90L Goiânia Interlagos Londrina Cascavel Velo Città Tarumã Curitiba Santa Cruz do Sul Lima Duarte Rivera Campo Grande Curvelo Cuiabá
NASCAR_Brasil_Series
Championship. The season would begin at the Autódromo Internacional de Tarumã on April 20 and would conclude at the Interlagos Circuit on October 12.
1980_Stock_Car_Brasil_season
Motorsport corre em Tarumã desfalcada e de luto". Presskit (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-12-11. "PP Motorsport corre em Tarumã desfalcada e de
2023_Copa_Truck_season
Brazilian motor racing series
The first race was run on 22 April 1979 at the Autódromo Internacional de Tarumã, Rio Grande do Sul with 19 cars competing, all of them being 6-cylinder
Stock_Car_Pro_Series
1928 declaration by Indonesian nationalists
decision proclaimed three ideas: one motherland, one nation, and a unifying language. The first Indonesian youth congress was held in Batavia (now called Jakarta)
Youth_Pledge
(Chikena, Xikiyana), Brazil, Suriname Tagare, Venezuela Tamanaco, Venezuela Tarumá (3S 60W) Tibitibi, Venezuela Tiriyó (Tarëno), Brazil, Suriname Tocoyen (3N
Classification of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Classification_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
1770s–1880s type of state in Borneo run by Chinese mining communities
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Kongsi_republics
Old vassal kingdom of Pagaruyung
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Inderapura_Kingdom
Brazilian footballer
known as Geraldo, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Tarumã in the second division of the Campeonato Amazonense. He previously played
Geraldo (footballer, born 1994)
Geraldo_(footballer,_born_1994)
Type of sacrifice in Judaism
Archived from the original on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2011-05-30. "H8641 – tᵊrûmâ – Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (kjv)". Blue Letter Bible. Retrieved 2024-02-27
Terumah_(offering)
1949–1950 federal state in Southeast Asia
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
United_States_of_Indonesia
Rebel movement in Indonesia active from 1957 to 1961
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Permesta
Dynasty in Java from about 750 to 850 CE
Kingdom in Sumatra. The inscriptions created by Shailendras use three languages; Old Javanese, Old Malay, and Sanskrit — written either in the Kawi alphabet
Shailendra_dynasty
1965 Indonesian military faction that attempted a coup
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
30_September_Movement
Malay sultanate centred in Brunei
Herbert, Patricia; Milner, Anthony Crothers (1989). South-East Asia: Languages and Literatures : a Select Guide. University of Hawaiʻi Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-1267-6
Sultanate of Brunei (1368–1888)
Sultanate_of_Brunei_(1368–1888)
15th century Javanese Hindu temple
7th-16th century Indianised Hindu kingdom in Western and Central Java. Taruma Kingdom, 2nd-6th century Indianised Hindu kingdom of Western Java. Other
Sukuh
Hindu temple in Java, Indonesia
7th-16th century Indianised Hindu kingdom in Western and Central Java. Taruma Kingdom, 2nd-6th century Indianised Hindu kingdom of Western Java. In Indonesia
Ceto_Temple
Kingdom based in Sumatra (671–692; 1028–1347)
Amat Juhari, Moain (2006), Sejarah Bahasa Melayu ("History of the Malay Language"), Utusan Publications & Distributors, pp. 9–10, ISBN 967-61-1809-5 Milner
Melayu_Kingdom
Dutch government policy for its Dutch East Indies colony
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Cultivation_System
1777–1884 Qing tributary state in western Borneo
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Lanfang_Republic
Javanese empire from 1292 to 1527
written by scraping it with a sharp knife. They also have a developed language system and grammar. The Pala school of art of the Indian Pala Empire influenced
Majapahit
1945–1949 Indonesian conflict and diplomatic struggle against Dutch rule
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Indonesian National Revolution
Indonesian_National_Revolution
Set of dishes and culinary techniques of Paraguay
mango, melon, watermelon, orange, strawberry, ingá, yvapurû, yvapovõ and tarumá. According to Paraguayan fruit growing, to harvest fruit varieties the following
Paraguayan_cuisine
1945 Indonesian independence document
Indonesia; one nation, the nation of Indonesia; and one language, the Indonesian language. This expression of national unity was a reaction to the older
Proclamation of Indonesian Independence
Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence
Series of kingdoms in Bali, Indonesia
century) to the Majapahit empire in the 13th to 15th centuries. The culture, language, arts and architecture of the island was influenced by Java. Javanese influences
Bali_Kingdom
Revolutionary government in Sumatra (1958–1961)
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia
Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia
Raider Infantry Battalion Prabu Kian Santang 62nd Military Area Command/Taruma Nagara 40. 641st Raider Infantry Battalion Beruang 19th Infantry Brigade/Khatulistiwa
Indonesian Army infantry battalions
Indonesian_Army_infantry_battalions
Religious conflict in Indonesia
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Maluku_sectarian_conflict
Municipality in São Paulo, Brazil
Maracaí Nantes Palmital Paraguaçu Paulista Pedrinhas Paulista Platina Quatá Tarumã Ourinhos Bernardino de Campos Canitar Chavantes Espírito Santo do Turvo
Santos,_São_Paulo
Indonesian Islamic militants rebellion
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Darul_Islam_rebellion
Empire based on Sumatra (c. 671–1025 AD)
military dominance against Java. The Old Malay language, the predecessor to the modern Malay language, had been used since the 7th century in the Malay
Srivijaya
1963–1966 military conflict
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Konfrontasi
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Administrative divisions of the Dutch East Indies
Administrative_divisions_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies
Kingdom based on the island of Java (1527–1813)
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Banten_Sultanate
20th-century Indonesian Islamic army
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Hizbullah_(Indonesia)
MMA promoter based in Bahrain
The Rise of Champions August 12, 2017 Almir Nelson de Almeida Gymnasium Tarumã, Brazil 7 Brave CF 7: Untamed July 29, 2017 Caliente Bullring Tijuana, Mexico
Brave_Combat_Federation
Javanese Sultanate in 16th century
another historian, Sutjipto Wiryosuparto, it derived from a term in the Kawi language that means "heirloom" or "gift". During the reign of Wikramawardhana of
Demak_Sultanate
French and British colonial administration
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies
French_and_British_interregnum_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies
Islamist group in Indonesia
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Darul_Islam_(Indonesia)
Former sultanate in Southern Sulawesi
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Sultanate_of_Gowa
Sultanate of Johor
2021. Retrieved 3 December 2017. Borschberg, Peter (2010b). "Ethnicity, language and culture in Melaka during the transition from Portuguese to Dutch rule"
Johor_Sultanate
1824–1911 Malay sultanate in Southeast Asia
emphasised attention to the Malay language and how it should not be misappropriated by European use of the language. Raja Ali believed that abandoning
Riau-Lingga_Sultanate
Municipality in Southeast, Brazil
640.72 km2. The elevation is 583 m. This place name comes from the Tupi language, meaning big waterfall. Two rivers flow through Itu: Tietê and Jundiaí
Itu,_São_Paulo
1948 Indonesian conflict against leftists
Buni culture 400 BCE–500 CE Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Taruma Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli Kingdom 400s–500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu
Madiun_Affair
travel, tourism, insurance
TARUMA LANGUAGE
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TARUMA LANGUAGE
TARUMA LANGUAGE
TARUMA LANGUAGE
TARUMA LANGUAGE
TARUMA LANGUAGE
TARUMA LANGUAGE
TARUMA LANGUAGE
travel, tourism, insurance