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Test data are sets of inputs or information used to verify the correctness, performance, and reliability of software systems. Test data encompass various
Test_data
Tasks in machine learning
the test data set is a data set used to provide an unbiased evaluation of a model fit on the training data set. When the data in the test data set has
Training, validation, and test data sets
Training,_validation,_and_test_data_sets
Checking software against expectations
focus is on testing the interactions and data exchange between integrated parts, rather than testing components in isolation. System testing, a.k.a. end-to-end
Software_testing
Disciplines of managing data as a resource
Data management comprises all disciplines related to handling data as a valuable resource, it is the practice of managing an organization's data so it
Data_management
Method of statistical inference
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data provide sufficient evidence to reject a particular
Statistical_hypothesis_test
Test data management (TDM) is the process of providing, preparing, securing, and maintaining the data needed to test software components and systems. It
Test_data_management
File format
Standard Test Data Format (STDF) is a proprietary file format for semiconductor test information originally developed by Teradyne, but it is now a de
Standard_Test_Data_Format
Experiment methodology
non-experimental situations—commonplace with survey data, offline data, and other, more complex phenomena. "A/B testing" is a shorthand for a simple randomized controlled
A/B_testing
Statistical hypothesis test
on the data, the test statistic—under certain conditions—follows a Student's t distribution. The t-test's most common application is to test whether
Student's_t-test
Software testing technique
Data-driven testing (DDT), also known as table-driven testing or parameterized testing, is a software testing technique that uses a table of data that
Data-driven_testing
Projective psychological test created in 1921
The Rorschach test is a projective psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation
Rorschach_test
Data integration company
applications including AI data provisioning, test data management, synthetic data generation, data masking, and data migration. In 2025, Gartner positioned
K2view
Unit of information
data Data (computer science) Data acquisition Data analysis Data bank Data cable Data center Data curation Data domain Data element Data farming Data
Data
Statistical hypothesis test
the data hold. F-tests are frequently used to compare different statistical models and find the one that best describes the population the data came
F-test
Type of software testing
focus is on testing the interactions and data exchange between integrated parts, rather than testing components in isolation. Integration testing describes
Integration_testing
Test data exclusivity refers to protection of clinical trial data required to be submitted to a regulatory agency to prove safety and efficacy of a new
Test_data_exclusivity
Problem of circular reasoning in statistics
in the limited data set; therefore we hypothesize that it is true in general; therefore we wrongly test it on the same, limited data set, which seems
Testing hypotheses suggested by the data
Testing_hypotheses_suggested_by_the_data
Imitation infrastructure for software testing
meaning test environments are air gapped, resource limitations, or simply to increase the execution speed of tests by providing pre-defined test data and
Test_harness
Use of purpose-built software to control test execution
the tests are complete as well. Other test automation techniques include: Data-driven testing Modularity-driven testing Keyword-driven testing Behavior
Test_automation
Statistical test comparing two probability distributions
In statistics, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (also K–S test or KS test) is a nonparametric test of the equality of continuous (or discontinuous, see Section
Kolmogorov–Smirnov_test
Country ranking of English language skills
EF test. It is the product of EF Education First, an international education company, and draws its conclusions from data collected via English tests available
EF_English_Proficiency_Index
Phase transition in machine learning
overfitting (performing well only on training data) to generalizing (performing well on both training and test data), after many training iterations with little
Grokking_(machine_learning)
Method used in finance to determine the optimal parameters for a trading strategy
in-sample data for a time window in a data series. The remaining data is reserved for out of sample testing. A small portion of the reserved data following
Walk_forward_optimization
Class of statistical tests
In statistics, normality tests are used to determine if a data set is well-modeled by a normal distribution and to compute how likely it is for a random
Normality_test
Misuse of data analysis
performing many statistical tests on the data and only reporting those that come back with significant results. Thus data dredging is also often a misused
Data_dredging
Process of analyzing large data sets
hypotheses to test against the larger data populations. In the 1960s, statisticians and economists used terms like data fishing or data dredging to refer
Data_mining
Statistical proof by contradiction technique
Surrogate data testing (or the method of surrogate data) is a statistical proof by contradiction technique similar to permutation tests and parametric
Surrogate_data_testing
Method of software testing
effective regression tests by locating weaknesses in the test data used to test the program and discovering sections of the tested program's code that
Mutation_testing
Exact statistical hypothesis test
Permutation tests are, therefore, a form of resampling. Permutation tests can be understood as surrogate data testing where the surrogate data under the
Permutation_test
Non-parametric method for testing whether samples originate from the same distribution
The Kruskal–Wallis test by ranks, Kruskal–Wallis H {\displaystyle H} test (named after William Kruskal and W. Allen Wallis), or one-way ANOVA on ranks
Kruskal–Wallis_test
Method of writing code
maintainability. In particular, hard-coded test data should be removed from the production code. Running the test suite after each refactor ensures that no
Test-driven_development
Statistical hypothesis test
signed-rank test is a non-parametric rank test for statistical hypothesis testing used either to test the location of a population based on a sample of data, or
Wilcoxon_signed-rank_test
Rifle cartridge designed by the U.S. Army
(180–270 m). In 1879 the US Army conducted a series of rifle tests at Sandy Hook Proving Ground. The tests used a slightly longer cartridge at 2.1 inches, loaded
.45-70
Statistical test
a set of data. However, the Z-test requires knowing the population deviation, which is sometimes difficult to determine, making the t-test more convenient
Z-test
Type of test automation framework
development (ATDD). It is a keyword-driven testing framework that uses tabular test data syntax. The basic ideas for Robot Framework were shaped in Pekka Klärck's
Robot_Framework
Service that provides analysis of Internet performance
performance metrics, such as connection data rate and latency. It is the flagship product of Ookla, a web testing and network diagnostics company founded
Speedtest.net
Automated software testing technique
development, fuzzing or fuzz testing is an automated software testing technique that involves providing invalid, unexpected, or random data as inputs to a computer
Fuzzing
Branch of aeronautical engineering
Instrumentation systems for flight testing are developed using specialized transducers and data acquisition systems. Data is sampled during the flight of
Flight_test
Software test automation tool
multiple aspects of software testing (test case design, test automation, test data design and generation, and analytics) to test GUIs and APIs from a business
Tricentis_Tosca
Automatic test equipment or automated test equipment (ATE) is any apparatus that performs tests on a device, known as the device under test (DUT), equipment
Automatic_test_equipment
Study of collection and analysis of data
involves the collection of data leading to a test of the relationship between two statistical data sets, or a data set and synthetic data drawn from an idealized
Statistics
Statistical test used on paired nominal data
McNemar's test is a statistical test used on paired nominal data. It is applied to 2 × 2 contingency tables with a dichotomous trait, with matched pairs
McNemar's_test
Statistical technique for producing prediction sets
the data. CP works by computing "nonconformity scores" on previously labeled data, and using these to create prediction sets on a new (unlabeled) test data
Conformal_prediction
Method of software testing of internal structure
White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing, and structural testing) is a method of software testing that
White-box_testing
Validating the behavior of isolated source code
writing more powerful (unit) tests, leveraging the concept of theories, test cases that execute the same steps, but using test data generated at runtime, unlike
Unit_testing
Algorithmically generated data that have a similar distribution as sampled data
synthetic data with missing data. Similarly, they developed the technique of Sequential Regression Multivariate Imputation. Researchers test the framework
Synthetic_data
Data protection process
information, or mission critical data. However, the data must remain usable for the purposes of undertaking valid test cycles. It must also look real and
Data_masking
Stores test steps, test planning and reporting
approaches to testing and thus have different sets of features. Generally they are used to maintain and plan manual testing, run or gather execution data from
Test_management_tool
Software analysis method to identify structural units in code
and efficacy of software test data, where the quantification is performed in terms of structural units of the code under test. When used to quantify the
Linear_code_sequence_and_jump
correct test to prevent erroneous results. Tests for paired data include McNemar's test and the paired permutation test. Tests for unpaired data include
Paired_data
processes. However, careful planning is necessary, and test data must be isolated from production data. Moreover, ITF validates the correct operation of a
Integrated_test_facility
Standardized test
English Test WIDA Consortium "Test and Score Summary for TOEFL Internet Based Test: September 2005 – December 2006 Test Data", Educational Testing Service
Test of English as a Foreign Language
Test_of_English_as_a_Foreign_Language
Medical intervention
The test consists of four or five 20-minute nap opportunities set two hours apart, often following an overnight sleep study. During the test, data such
Multiple_Sleep_Latency_Test
tests are used to test the fit between a hypothesis and the data. Choosing the right statistical test is not a trivial task. The choice of the test depends
List_of_statistical_tests
Data evaluation test
A randomness test (or test for randomness), in data evaluation, is a test used to analyze the distribution of a set of data to see whether it can be described
Randomness_test
Statistical hypothesis test
A chi-squared test (also chi-square or χ2 test) is a statistical hypothesis test used in the analysis of contingency tables when the sample sizes are large
Chi-squared_test
Statistical model validation technique
independent data set. Cross-validation includes resampling and sample splitting methods that use different portions of the data to test and train a model
Cross-validation_(statistics)
Provider of information for software testing
software testing, a test oracle (or just oracle) is a provider of information that describes correct output based on the input of a test case. Testing with
Test_oracle
Term in statistical hypothesis testing
conditional on there being a true effect or association. Statistical testing uses data from samples to assess, or make inferences about, a statistical population
Power_(statistics)
Serial interface for testing integrated circuits
address and data buses. The interface connects to an on-chip Test Access Port (TAP) that implements a stateful protocol to access a set of test registers
JTAG
Software testing technique
Metamorphic testing (MT) is a property-based software testing technique, which can be an effective approach for addressing the test oracle problem and test case
Metamorphic_testing
Statistical test
deviate test, is a test used to detect outliers in a univariate data set assumed to come from a normally distributed population. Grubbs's test is based
Grubbs's_test
Software testing methodology
for both manual and automated testing. This method separates the documentation of test cases – including both the data and functionality to use – from
Keyword-driven_testing
Statistical test for multiple comparisons
considered in Tukey's test has vastly broader application: It is useful for researchers who have searched their collected data for remarkable differences
Tukey's_range_test
Slope of the stress-strain curve in solid mechanics
tangent modulus varies with strain and is most accurately found from test data. The Ramberg–Osgood equation relates Young's modulus to the tangent modulus
Tangent_modulus
Function of the observed sample results
"p-values and significance tests, when properly applied and interpreted, increase the rigor of the conclusions drawn from data". In statistics, every conjecture
P-value
Statistical test for normality of data
Lilliefors test is a normality test based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. It is used to test the null hypothesis that data come from a normally distributed
Lilliefors_test
Authorized cyberattack for testing purposes
Penetration tests are a component of a full security audit. For example, the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard requires penetration testing on a regular
Penetration_test
Continuous testing & performance testing platform (SaaS)
provides enterprise-level GUI functional testing, performance testing, API functional testing, mock services, test data management, API monitoring, and reporting
BlazeMeter
International standard managed by the United Nations
elements of the GHS include standardized hazard testing criteria, universal warning pictograms, and safety data sheets which provide users of dangerous goods
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals
Criterion for identification and rejection of outliers
and others, this test should be used sparingly and never more than once in a data set. To apply a Q test for bad data, arrange the data in order of increasing
Dixon's_Q_test
Approach of analyzing data sets in statistics
traditional hypothesis testing, in which a model is supposed to be selected before the data is seen and tested. Exploratory data analysis has been promoted
Exploratory_data_analysis
IT Company in United States
performance testing, functional test automation, big data testing, data warehouse/ETL testing, mobile application testing, security testing and service
RTTS
Dummy used in vehicle crash testing
therefore necessary to employ two types of test subjects in order to develop initial data sets. The first test subjects were human cadavers. They were used
Crash_test_dummy
Rayleigh test can refer to: a test for periodicity in irregularly sampled data, a derivation of the above to test for non-uniformity (as unimodal clustering)
Rayleigh_test
Computer adaptive test (CAT)
Admission Test (GMAT (/ˈdʒiːmæt/ (JEE-mat))) is a computer adaptive test (CAT) intended to assess certain analytical, quantitative, verbal, and data literacy
Graduate Management Admission Test
Graduate_Management_Admission_Test
through the TAP controller's Test Data Input (TDI) pin. The final result of the PBIST test is read out through the Test Data Output (TDO) pin. PBIST supports
PBIST
Discussions and claims of differences in intelligence along racial lines
Army used a different set of tests developed by Robert Yerkes to evaluate draftees for World War I. Based on the Army's data, prominent psychologists and
Race_and_intelligence
Testing performance under a given workload
system. Tests examining the behavior under load are categorized into six basic types: Baseline test, load test, stress test, soak test, smoke test or isolation
Software_performance_testing
Test of a machine's ability to imitate human intelligence
equivalent to passing the Turing test. The data compression test has some advantages over most versions and variations of a Turing test, including:[citation needed]
Turing_test
Statistical test that compares goodness of fit
supported by the observed data, the two likelihoods should not differ by more than sampling error. Thus the likelihood-ratio test tests whether this ratio is
Likelihood-ratio_test
Procedure in which electrical appliances are routinely checked for safety
In electrical safety testing, portable appliance testing (PAT inspection or PAT testing) is a process by which electrical appliances are routinely checked
Portable_appliance_testing
Comparative statistical test
nonparametric test that tests the null hypothesis that the medians of the populations from which two or more samples drawn are identical. The data in each sample
Median_test
Experimental jet aircraft
on the lessons of the He 178, the He 280. The He 178 provided valuable test data to guide the development of subsequent jet-powered aircraft. The He 178
Heinkel_He_178
Scientific project about existence of a global consciousness
consciousness. May et al., while stating that the open access to the test data "is a testimony to the integrity and curiosity of those involved", have
Global_Consciousness_Project
Test of statistical significance
of observations into two categories using sample data. A binomial test is a statistical hypothesis test used to determine whether the proportion of successes
Binomial_test
Ways of computing statistical significance
testing, a one-tailed test and a two-tailed test are alternative ways of computing the statistical significance of a parameter inferred from a data set
One-_and_two-tailed_tests
Psychological test
The Sally–Anne test is a psychological test originally conceived by Daniel Dennett, used in developmental psychology to measure a person's social cognitive
Sally–Anne_test
Tool used to draw statistical inferences from observed data
Equivalence tests are a variety of hypothesis tests used to draw statistical inferences from observed data. In these tests, the null hypothesis is defined
Equivalence_test
Hypothesis test to compare the survival distributions of two samples
The logrank test, or log-rank test, is a hypothesis test to compare the survival distributions of two samples. It is a nonparametric test and appropriate
Logrank_test
Time series data technique
a measured data set. The resulting surrogate data can then for example be used for testing for non-linear structure in the empirical data; this is called
Surrogate_data
Statistic used in statistical hypothesis testing
testing. A hypothesis test is typically specified in terms of a test statistic, considered as a numerical summary of a data-set that reduces the data
Test_statistic
Score from a test designed to assess intelligence
of the test-takers) and practice effects (test-takers taking the same form of IQ test more than once) must be controlled to gain accurate data.[inconsistent]
Intelligence_quotient
American academic computer scientist
field of software testing, in particular mutation testing, model-based testing, bypass testing of web applications, and automatic test data generation. Dr
Jeff_Offutt
Statistical testing method
In statistical hypothesis testing, a two-sample test is a test performed on the data of two random samples, each independently obtained from a different
Two-sample_hypothesis_testing
British permanent residency and citizenship test
The Life in the United Kingdom test is a computer-based test constituting one of the requirements for anyone seeking Indefinite Leave to Remain in the
Life in the United Kingdom test
Life_in_the_United_Kingdom_test
Statistical technique
the Nemenyi test is a post-hoc test intended to find the groups of data that differ after a global statistical test (such as the Friedman test) has rejected
Nemenyi_test
Test used in the analysis of stratified or matched categorical data
Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test (CMH) is a test used in the analysis of stratified or matched categorical data. It allows an investigator to test the association
Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics
Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel_statistics
Military standard
Specification for Environmental Test of, is the direct ancestor of MIL-STD-810. In 1965, the USAF released a technical report with data and information on the
MIL-STD-810
Method of assessing human personality constructs
to as "personality tests") are in fact introspective (i.e., subjective) self-report questionnaire (Q-data, in terms of LOTS data) measures or reports
Personality_test
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