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2005 deadly refinery accident
BP-owned oil refinery in Texas City, Texas. The explosion resulted in the death of 15 workers, 180 injuries and severe damage to the refinery. All the fatalities
Texas_City_refinery_explosion
List of large explosions
a major explosion at the petrol tanks at the Caribbean Petroleum Corporation oil refinery and oil depot in Bayamón, Puerto Rico. The explosion was seen
Largest artificial non-nuclear explosions
Largest_artificial_non-nuclear_explosions
1947 explosions in Texas City, Texas
The Texas City disaster was an industrial accident that occurred on April 16, 1947, in the port of Texas City, Texas, United States, located in Galveston
Texas_City_disaster
City in Texas, United States
1925, Texas City had a population of about 3,500 and was a thriving community with two refineries producing gasoline, the Texas City Sugar Refinery, two
Texas_City,_Texas
British multinational oil and gas company
environmental and safety incidents. Among them were the 2005 Texas City refinery explosion, which caused the death of 15 workers and which resulted in
BP
Topics referred to by the same term
Texas City explosion may refer to: Texas City disaster (1947), an industrial accident Texas City refinery explosion (2005), an oil refinery fire This
Texas_City_explosion
Mechanical issue caused by fuel released from an unintended source
gearbox, but this operation can save the engine. In the 2005 Texas City refinery explosion, an instance of diesel engine runaway is thought to have provided
Diesel_engine_runaway
Oil refinery complex located on the Mediterranean Sea, near Marseille, France
Lavéra Refinery is an oil refinery complex located 30 miles west of Marseille, France, on the Mediterranean Sea. It is currently operated by Petroineos
Lavera_Refinery
ExxonMobil oil refinery in Texas
ExxonMobil's Baytown Refinery is a major oil refinery named after and located in Baytown, Texas. It has capacity of 588,000 barrels per day (93,500 m3/d)
Baytown_Refinery
Safety design feature for industrial plant buildings
led to the catastrophic Texas City refinery explosion in 2005. Gas flare Shutdown valve Piping Oil production plant Oil refinery Gas Processors Suppliers
Blowdown_stack
emissions. Major refinery fires include the 1956 McKee refinery fire, the 1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire and 2005 Texas City refinery explosion. "U.S. Energy
Petroleum refining in the United States
Petroleum_refining_in_the_United_States
2010 oil disaster in the Gulf of Mexico
On April 20, 2010, an explosion and fire occurred on the Deepwater Horizon semi-submersible mobile offshore drilling unit, which was owned and operated
Deepwater_Horizon_explosion
Oil storage depot in Warwickshire, England
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Kingsbury_Oil_Terminal
Large American refinery
The Motiva refinery is an oil refinery located in Port Arthur, Texas. It is the largest oil refinery in the United States. The first processing units
Port_Arthur_Refinery
March 23, 2005: Texas City refinery explosion. An explosion occurred at a BP refinery in Texas City, Texas. It is the third largest refinery in the United
List_of_industrial_disasters
Former offshore oil drilling rig
drilling in the Gulf of Mexico at the Macondo Prospect, a blowout caused an explosion on the rig that killed 11 people and ignited a fireball visible from 40
Deepwater_Horizon
Village in Wales
the first oil refinery in the United Kingdom. It was originally designed as a garden village to house the workers for the BP refinery built between 1918
Llandarcy
Skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois
discarded marble was crushed and used as landscaping decoration at Amoco's refinery in Whiting, Indiana, one-sixth was donated to Governors State University
Aon_Center_(Chicago)
British geologist
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
George_Bernard_Reynolds
Azerbaijani natural gas and oil plant
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Sangachal_Terminal
American pipeline transport company
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Alyeska Pipeline Service Company
Alyeska_Pipeline_Service_Company
illegal oil refinery in Nigeria: Report". Aljazeera. 3 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023. "12 Russian Soldiers Killed in Explosion Accident at Training
List_of_explosions
British lubricants manufacturer
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Castrol
British petroleum brand
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
National_Benzole
British oil company
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Burmah_Oil
Facility that processes crude oil
An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into products such as gasoline
Oil_refinery
2009 helicopter accident
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Bond Offshore Helicopters Flight 85N
Bond_Offshore_Helicopters_Flight_85N
Gasoline service station in Los Angeles, United States
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Helios_House
Galveston Bay Refinery (Marathon Petroleum, since 2013), Texas City, 631,000 bbl/d (100,300 m3/d) – 2005 explosion Hartree Partners Refinery, Channelview
List_of_oil_refineries
Petrochemical complex in Grangemouth, Scotland
Grangemouth is a petrochemical complex located adjacent the closed Grangemouth Refinery on the Firth of Forth in Grangemouth, Scotland. Built by BP but latterly
Ineos_Grangemouth
Alaskan oil spill of 2006
as a financial loss. It came on the heels of the March 2005 Texas City refinery explosion. U.S. Chemical Safety Board chairman Carolyn Merritt said in
Prudhoe_Bay_oil_spill
German petroleum company
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Aral_AG
American-born businessman
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Bob_Dudley
Oil field in the Gulf of Mexico
billion loss in profits that quarter. The Deepwater Horizon drilling rig explosion has given new impetus to a number of Congressional Representatives to
Atlantis_Oil_Field
American animal food company
2009), "Food History Potpourri: Ralston Purina's D.C. Roots", Washington City Paper, retrieved October 19, 2009 Kilman, Scott (October 29, 1999). "Koch
Purina_Mills
Former oil refinery in Neath Port Talbot, Wales
Llandarcy Oil Refinery, also known as the National Oil Refinery, BP Llandarcy and Skewen refinery, was the United Kingdom's first oil refinery, initially
Llandarcy_Oil_Refinery
British businessman (1939–2011)
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Robert_Horton_(businessman)
Annual portraiture competition in England
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
BP_Portrait_Award
British and Australian businessman (1849–1917)
British Petroleum (BP). By 1911, APOC had run a pipeline from the find to a refinery at Abadan. In 1912, the Mount Morgan company was listed in London, and
William_Knox_D'Arcy
1990 explosion in Channelview, Texas, US
2005 Texas City refinery explosion, which killed 15 people and injured 180. List of disasters in the United States by death toll List of explosions List
1990_ARCO_explosion
English energy company founded in 1908
started in 1913 from a refinery built at Abadan, for its first 50 years the largest oil refinery in the world (see Abadan Refinery). In 1913, shortly before
Anglo-Persian_Oil_Company
Maritime arm of global oil company
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
BP_Shipping
Largest solar developer in Europe
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Lightsource_BP
American oil company
Thrifty was unable to win. On July 5, 1990, an explosion at an ARCO Chemical Co. facility in Channelview, Texas killed 17 people and injured five others. On
ARCO
brought shame to the city". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 24, 2022. Nathanson, Iric (July 9, 2021). "Washburn A Mill Explosion, 1878". MNopedia.
List of disasters in the United States by death toll
List_of_disasters_in_the_United_States_by_death_toll
Explosion of a vessel containing liquid above and beyond boiling point
1972 Reduc explosion [pt]: 1000 tons of LPG exploded at a refinery, killing 28. 5 July 1973, Kingman, Arizona, U.S. – The Kingman explosion: An LPG-laden
Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion
Boiling_liquid_expanding_vapor_explosion
1941 conflict of World War II
gunfire support. The Iranians managed to put up a resistance, and the refinery and the city were captured that afternoon after hand-to-hand combat resulted
Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran
British politician and businessman (born 1948)
string of major accidents including the Texas City refinery explosion (2005) and the Deepwater Horizon explosion (2010). Browne has rejected Bower's "unsubstantiated"
John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley
John_Browne,_Baron_Browne_of_Madingley
British oil company
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Britoil
Automotive and lubricant manufacturer
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Castrol_India
System to manage occupational safety risk in the workplace
safety issues being missed. For example, after the March 2005 BP Texas City refinery explosion, investigations concluded that the company had put too much
Safety_management_system
Calendar year
preventing Taiwan from declaring independence. March 23 – The Texas City refinery explosion leaves 15 people dead and 180 injured with a property loss of
2005
Former solar manufacturer (1981–2011)
defunct; redirect) BP Solar to expand its solar cell plants Australia's largest city solar project contract awarded BP Plans to Invest $1.5 Billion in Alternative
BP_Solar
23, 2005 – The Texas City refinery explosion; 15 dead, 180 injured February 16, 2007, a propane fire erupted at the Valero McKee Refinery in Sunray, north
List of natural gas and oil production accidents in the United States
List_of_natural_gas_and_oil_production_accidents_in_the_United_States
Scottish offshore oil field
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Clair_oilfield
Swedish businessman (born 1952)
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Carl-Henric_Svanberg
1967 oil spill off the coast of the UK
final voyage, Torrey Canyon left the Kuwait National Petroleum Company refinery at Mina Al-Ahmadi, Kuwait (later Al-Ahmadi), with a full cargo of crude
Torrey_Canyon_oil_spill
Oil crisis in Iran from 1951 to 1954
Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) and expelled foreign companies from oil refineries in the city of Abadan. The AIOC was the United Kingdom's "single largest overseas
Abadan_Crisis
Type of Australian gasoline
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Opal_(fuel)
US multinational convenience store chain
but returned a decade later with an outlet opening in The Bronx, New York City. The ampm brand is owned by BP America, Inc., a subsidiary of BP, which acquired
Ampm
British Civil servant
executive for refining and marketing at BP at the time of the Texas City refinery explosion in 2005, in which 15 people were killed and 170 injured. An
John_Manzoni
Exposed impact crater in Libya
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
BP_Impact_Structure
Study, prevention, and management of major hazardous material accidents in process plants
platform disaster (1988) The Texas City refinery explosion (2005) The Buncefield tank farm fire (2005) The Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill (2010).
Process_safety
American truck stop and travel center company
of TravelCenters of America to BP caps successful turnaround". American City Business Journals. "bp leans into convenience and mobility across US, agrees
TravelCenters_of_America
American fuel station chain owned by BP
Ranger, Texas, passing by Tulsa, Oklahoma, and Kansas City, Missouri, to East Chicago, Indiana (or in other words: to the Whiting, Indiana, refinery of Standard
Amoco
Russian energy company headquartered in Moscow
large refineries in Russia with an aggregate annual capacity of 372 million barrels (59.1 million cubic metres) and four mini-refineries. The refineries can
Rosneft
Former Russian oil company
principal refining assets such as Ryazan Refinery, Saratov Refinery, Nizhnevartovsk Refinery, and Lysychansk Oil Refinery. The company operates a retail network
TNK-BP
American convenience store chain based in Kentucky
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Thorntons_LLC
1854. p. 4. "Memorial held for firefighters killed in West Texas Fertilizer Company explosion". April 22, 2013. Archived from the original on May 17, 2013
List of the deadliest firefighter disasters in the United States
List_of_the_deadliest_firefighter_disasters_in_the_United_States
Former oil refinery in Kent, England
The BP Refinery (Kent) was an oil refinery on the Isle of Grain in Kent. It was commissioned in 1953 and had a maximum processing capacity of eleven million
Kent_Refinery
British businessman (born 1957)
[citation needed] Safety and production issues in Alaska and the explosion at the Texas City refinery made Peter Sutherland, BP's non-executive chairman, accelerate
Tony_Hayward
1998 industrial disaster in Victoria, Australia
regulatory regimes. 1989 Phillips disaster 2005 Texas City refinery explosion 2009 Cataño oil refinery fire It was a particularly cold period in the state
1998_Esso_Longford_fire
Chief Scientist at BP
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Angela_Strank
Offshore oil drilling platform
Offshore Services in Ingleside, Texas, where it was integrated with its topsides modules that were built in Morgan City, Louisiana. The 15,813 nautical
Thunder_Horse_PDQ
2010 environmental disaster
Beginning on 20 April 2010, an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil platform caused an oil spill and an environmental disaster off the coast of the
Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill
School district in Texas, United States
Texas City Independent School District is a public school district based in Texas City, Texas. It serves most of Texas City and La Marque as well as a
Texas City Independent School District
Texas_City_Independent_School_District
Public school in Texas, United States
Texas City High School (TCHS) is a public high school in Texas City, Texas, in the Greater Houston area. It is one of two high schools in the Texas City
Texas_City_High_School
American businessman and philanthropist (1917–2007)
father helped him and his brothers buy a refinery in New Mexico. By 1950 Anderson owned several refineries, had built a pipeline system, and had become
Robert_Orville_Anderson
Offshore oil field in the Gulf of Mexico
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Mad_Dog_oil_field
American petroleum company (1870–1987)
headquarters have since moved to the Houston Energy Corridor in Houston, Texas, in line with the corporate offices of Shell and fellow Standard spinoffs
Standard_Oil_Company_(Ohio)
Oil and Gas terminal
Islands Council website) Archived 22 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine Explosion at the terminal in May 1981 The Queen opens the terminal in 1981 with
Sullom_Voe_Terminal
The civil and criminal proceedings stemming from the explosion of Deepwater Horizon and the resulting massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico began shortly
Deepwater_Horizon_litigation
Russian oil company
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Sidanko
Aviation division of BP
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Air_BP
Sudden release of heat and gas
explosion 1944 Bombay explosion West Loch disaster 1944 Port Chicago disaster 1944 RAF Fauld explosion 1947 Cádiz Explosion 1947 Texas City disaster 1960 Nedelin
Explosion
Skyscraper in Dallas, Texas
Energy Plaza is a skyscraper in the City Center District of downtown Dallas, Texas, United States, north of Thanks-Giving Square at 1601 Bryan Street.
Energy_Plaza
Alaskan oil pipeline system
Anchorage Daily News. p. E1. "Williams selling Alaska holdings, including refinery". Oil & Gas Journal. November 18, 2003. Retrieved January 11, 2021. DeMarban
Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System
operated from Houston, Texas. Atlantis Oil Field Mad Dog oil field Macondo Prospect site of the April 20, 2010, Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill Nakika
Oil_fields_operated_by_BP
factory explosion was a LPG gas explosion that killed 9 & injured 33, it also destroyed the 4 story factory. March 23, 2005: Texas City refinery explosion. An
Energy_accidents
Independent U.S. federal agency
safety fundamentals. USCSB's notable investigations include: Texas City refinery explosion, March 2005 Xcel Energy Cabin Creek Hydroelectric Plant Fire
U.S._Chemical_Safety_Board
1951–1952 public international law dispute
2307/2194147, JSTOR 2194147 Elling, Rasmus (February 16, 2015). "Abadan: Oil City Dreams and the Nostalgia for Past Futures in Iran". AJAM Media Collective
Anglo-Iranian_Oil_Co._case
English mathematician (born 1964)
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Andrew_W._Woods
Scottish oilman
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
William Fraser, 1st Baron Strathalmond
William_Fraser,_1st_Baron_Strathalmond
News division of TVNZ of New Zealand
Wales 11 September 2001 September 11 attacks 23 March 2005 Texas City refinery explosion 20 December 2007 2007 Gisborne earthquake 11 January 2008 Death
1News
1901 Persian grant of oil to businessman
pounds in expanding its operation inside and outside Iran, in constructing refineries throughout the world, in building up a huge marketing organization and
D'Arcy_Concession
American energy company
San Antonio, Texas, United States. Throughout the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, the company owns and operates 14 refineries with a combined
Valero_Energy
Former oil company of Australia
Commonwealth Oil Refineries (COR) was an Australian oil company that operated between 1920 and 1952 as a joint venture between the Government of Australia
Commonwealth_Oil_Refineries
Joint venture between Shell Oil and Saudi Refining
ENTERPRISES SETTLES FEDERAL-STATE LAWSUIT RESULTING FROM EXPLOSION AT DELAWARE CITY REFINERY". www.justice.gov. Retrieved 12 August 2025. "$23.7 Million
Motiva_Enterprises
1965 House of Lords case of constitutional importance
explosion Deepwater Horizon explosion Deepwater Horizon oil spill Invasion of Iran Iranian coup Prudhoe Bay oil spill Texas City refinery explosion Torrey
Burmah Oil Co Ltd v Lord Advocate
Burmah_Oil_Co_Ltd_v_Lord_Advocate
Footbridge in Chicago, Illinois
rest of Millennium Park on July 16, 2004. Gehry had been courted by the city to design the bridge and the neighboring Jay Pritzker Pavilion, and eventually
BP_Pedestrian_Bridge
travel, tourism, insurance
TEXAS CITY-REFINERY-EXPLOSION
TEXAS CITY-REFINERY-EXPLOSION
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Brightness; Brilliance; Sun Raise
Girl/Female
Australian, German, Greek, Swedish
Pure; Torture
Boy/Male
Indian
Refined
Boy/Male
German Scandinavian
Counsel.
Boy/Male
English American
Derived from the U.S. state of Texas.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Cody, COTY means "helper."Â
Boy/Male
Hindu
Sharpness, Brightness
Male
German
Variant spelling of German Rainer, REINER means "wise warrior."
Girl/Female
Indian
Moral; Faithful
Boy/Male
Indian, Traditional
Vedic Texts
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Cotton Refiner
Girl/Female
Scottish American
From the dales; the valley meadows. Name of a Texas city.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Tamil, Telugu
Sharpness; Brightness; Brilliance; Lustre
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Brilliant
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, English, Scottish
From Hugh's Town; Place-name and Surname; American West Texan General Sam Houston; A City in Texas Usa; From the Settlement on the Hill of Hugh's Town
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Scandinavian, Swedish
Counsel; Well-advised Ruler
Boy/Male
Tamil
Refined
Boy/Male
German, Modern
Everyday
Boy/Male
English American Gaelic French
Cushion; helpful.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Christian, Danish, French
From Texas
TEXAS CITY-REFINERY-EXPLOSION
TEXAS CITY-REFINERY-EXPLOSION
TEXAS CITY-REFINERY-EXPLOSION
TEXAS CITY-REFINERY-EXPLOSION
TEXAS CITY-REFINERY-EXPLOSION
TEXAS CITY-REFINERY-EXPLOSION
TEXAS CITY-REFINERY-EXPLOSION
a.
Freed from impurities or alloy; purifed; polished; cultured; delicate; as; refined gold; refined language; refined sentiments.
a.
Of or pertaining to a city.
n.
The black grouper of Florida and Texas.
n.
One who, or that which, refines.
n.
The building and apparatus for refining or purifying, esp. metals and sugar.
v. i.
To be compassionate; to show pity.
n.
A reason or cause of pity, grief, or regret; a thing to be regretted.
pl.
of City
n.
A structure on the hurricane deck of a steamer, containing the pilot house, officers' cabins, etc.
v. t.
To move to pity; -- used impersonally.
n.
The collective body of citizens, or inhabitants of a city.
imp. & p. p.
of Refine
n.
A corporate town; in the United States, a town or collective body of inhabitants, incorporated and governed by a mayor and aldermen or a city council consisting of a board of aldermen and a common council; in Great Britain, a town corporate, which is or has been the seat of a bishop, or the capital of his see.
pl.
of Refinery
n.
A furnace in which cast iron is refined by the action of a blast on the molten metal.
n.
A large town.
v. t.
To feel pity or compassion for; to have sympathy with; to compassionate; to commiserate; to have tender feelings toward (any one), awakened by a knowledge of suffering.
n.
A citizen; an inhabitant of a city; a pert townsman; -- used contemptuously.
a.
Familiar with texts or authorities so as to cite them accurately.
v. t.
To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; as, to refine gold or silver; to refine iron; to refine wine or sugar.
travel, tourism, insurance