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Historic region of the Czech Republic
Trans-Olza (Polish: Zaolzie, [zaˈɔlʑɛ] ; Czech: Záolží, Záolší; German: Olsa-Gebiet), also known as Trans-Olza Silesia (Polish: Śląsk Zaolziański), is
Trans-Olza
1938 cession of German-speaking Czechoslovakia to Nazi Germany
and by giving an order to the so-called "battle units" of Trans-Olza Poles and the "Trans-Olza Legion", a paramilitary organisation that was made up of
Munich_Agreement
Polish national minority in the Czech Republic
the Czech Republic is a Polish national minority living mainly in the Trans-Olza region of western Cieszyn Silesia. The Polish community is the only national
Polish minority in the Czech Republic
Polish_minority_in_the_Czech_Republic
Czechoslovakia. As Czechoslovakia was being absorbed into the German Reich, Trans-Olza, the Czech half of Cieszyn, was annexed by Poland in 1938 following the
Territorial evolution of Poland
Territorial_evolution_of_Poland
Operational Group of the Polish Army, created in September 1938 to annex Trans-Olza (Zaolzie) from Czechoslovakia. The Group was commanded by General Władysław
Independent Operational Group Silesia
Independent_Operational_Group_Silesia
Tactical division of the Polish Army
Independent Operational Group Silesia was created with the purpose of capturing Trans-Olza from Czechoslovakia. Prior to World War II, operational groups were recreated
Operational_Group_(Poland)
Part of the Polish Czech wars
in Czechoslovakia in the region later called Trans-Olza because the demarcation line ran through the Olza river. The events, including later Czechoslovak
Polish–Czechoslovak_War
15 January 1998) was a Polish Czech writer. He was connected with the Trans-Olza region of Cieszyn Silesia. Berger was born on 6 June 1926 in Ostrava.
Wiesław_Adam_Berger
School in the Czech Republic
educational purposes of the Polish minority in the Czech Republic in the Trans-Olza region. The school was founded in 1909 in the town of Orlová (Orłowa)
Juliusz Słowacki Polish Gymnasium
Juliusz_Słowacki_Polish_Gymnasium
Former hiking trail in Poland
Burkut, but to Hnitesa. At the same time, following the occupation of Trans-Olza in the autumn of 1938, a decision was made by the Polish Tatra Society
Main_Carpathian_Trail
Czech-Polish singer (born 1993)
singer to do so. Ewa Farna hails from a patriotic Polish family from the Trans-Olza region. Her father Tadeusz is a musician in regional Polish folk groups
Ewa_Farna
Polish politician
Polish Lutheran pastor, theologian and politician from the region of Trans-Olza, Czechoslovakia. He was a member of the Polish People's Party, a political
Józef_Berger
Polish educator and poet (1848-1929)
(You Flow, Olza, Down the Valley), centered on the Olza River, became unofficial anthem of Cieszyn Silesia, especially Poles in Trans-Olza. Jan Kubisz
Jan_Kubisz
River in Czech Republic, Poland
The Olza (Czech: Olše, German: Olsa) is a river in the Czech Republic and Poland, a right tributary of the Oder River. It flows through the Silesian Voivodeship
Olza_(river)
either the Archdiocese of Breslau (northerly Trans-Olza) or the Archdiocese of Olomouc (southerly Trans-Olza), respectively, both traditionally comprising
Reorganization of occupied dioceses during World War II
Reorganization_of_occupied_dioceses_during_World_War_II
Polish state from 1918 to 1939
January 1919, Czechoslovak forces attacked Polish units in the area of Trans-Olza (see Polish–Czechoslovak War). Soon afterwards, the Polish–Lithuanian
Second_Polish_Republic
German Roman Catholic cardinal (1859–1945)
Poloniae Unitas. The parishes in northwesterly Czechoslovak Cieszyn Silesia (Trans-Olza) remained under Bertram's jurisdiction of Breslau.[citation needed] By
Adolf_Bertram
city of Bialystok. This is called the Curzon line. The small area of Trans-Olza, which had been annexed by Poland in late 1938, was returned to Czechoslovakia
1945 territorial changes of Poland
1945_territorial_changes_of_Poland
Polish-Czech actor (1939–2012)
Bronislav Poloczek (Polish: Bronisław Poloczek; 7 August 1939 – 16 March 2012) was a Polish-Czech theatre and television actor. Poloczek was born in Horní
Bronislav_Poloczek
Czech footballer
Kamil Matuszny (born 25 November 1974) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He belongs to the Polish minority in the Czech
Kamil_Matuszny
Polish singer
Halina Mlynkova (born 22 June 1977) is a Polish-Czech singer. From 1998 to 2003, she was the vocalist of a popular Polish folk-rock group Brathanki. Mlynkova
Halina_Mlynkova
represents the Polish minority in the Czech Republic, especially the Trans-Olza region. The first release of the Głos Ludu appeared on 9 June 1945, in
Głos_(Czech_Republic)
Polish pianist and composer
Adam Makowicz (born Adam Matyszkowicz; 18 August 1940) is a Polish pianist and composer living in New York. He performs jazz and classical piano pieces
Adam_Makowicz
Bohuslav Kokotek (Polish: Bogusław Kokotek; 16 June 1949 – 24 July 2016) was a Polish Czech Lutheran clergyman, journalist, activist of the Polish minority
Bohuslav_Kokotek
Historical region in Central Europe
Silesia, centered on the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia,
Cieszyn_Silesia
Czech beauty pageant titleholder, Miss World (2023)
of Návsí, as a Silesian Goral member of the Polish minority located in Trans-Olza. Pyszková later relocated to Prague to further her education. Prior to
Krystyna_Pyszková
Republic and Slovakia) is the Polish national minority living mainly in the Trans-Olza region of western Cieszyn Silesia. The Polish community is the only national
Ethnic minorities in Czechoslovakia
Ethnic_minorities_in_Czechoslovakia
Polish magazine
Zwrot (meaning "The Term or The Phrase") is the main and largest Polish magazine in the Czech Republic, chief magazine of the Polish minority in the Czech
Zwrot
Polish physician, activist and politician. He came from the region of Trans-Olza. Buzek was born in Końska as a son of a peasant. He graduated from primary
Jan_Buzek
výbor), granted him Czechoslovak citizenship in 1945 (Nebory and whole Trans-Olza the 1945 year were incorporated into Czechoslovakia). In subsequent years
Karol_Pawlica
from Trans-Olza takes place near Zebrzydowice, September 27. A demonstration in Cieszyn, during which local Poles demand the cession of Trans-Olza. Construction
1938_in_Poland
Gdynia seaport, and of the political scandals such as the annexation of Trans-Olza. The book was disliked by some members of the military establishment in
Sztafeta
Polish-Czech Catholic priest, composer, and activist (1878–1933
Oskar Zawisza (23 November 1878 – 18 January 1933) was a Polish Catholic priest, composer and educational activist. Zawisza was born on 23 November 1878
Oskar_Zawisza
Prime Minister of Poland from 1997 to 2001
during the interbellum. The family was part of the Polish community in the Trans-Olza region. Buzek's father was an engineer. After the Second World War, his
Jerzy_Buzek
Lázně Darkov and wrote several schoolbooks for Polish schools in the Trans-Olza region. He also co-founded magazines for children, Jutrzenka and Ogniwo
Józef_Ondrusz
Polish bobsledder (1898–1980)
Antoni Bura (22 December 1898 – 13 December 1980) was a Polish bobsledder, mechanical engineer and independence activist. He competed in the four-man event
Antoni_Bura
Silesian writer (1891–1963)
Gustaw Morcinek (born Augustyn Morcinek; 25 August 1891 – 20 December 1963) was a Polish writer, educator and later member of Sejm from 1952 to 1957. He
Gustaw_Morcinek
Cultural change in which something non-Czech is made to become Czech
Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia[citation needed] as well as the Poles of Trans-Olza who have come under increased pressure of Czechization after the breakup
Czechization
Political party in Czechoslovakia
Polish People's Party (Polish: Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, PSL) was a political party in Czechoslovakia founded in autumn 1922, based amongst Polish middle-class
Polish People's Party (Czechoslovakia)
Polish_People's_Party_(Czechoslovakia)
Period of Czechoslovak history
indefensible northwestern border. Also a Polish-majority borderland region of Trans-Olza which was annexed by Czechoslovakia in 1919, was occupied and annexed
Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)
Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938–1945)
Czechoslovak state from 1918 to 1938
southern parts of Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia to Hungary and the Trans-Olza region in Silesia to Poland. This, in effect, ended the First Czechoslovak
First_Czechoslovak_Republic
1889 poem by Jan Kubisz
lyrics are centered on the Olza River, symbol of Cieszyn Silesia and Trans-Olza. It was published in 1889 as Nad Olzą (On the Olza), part of Śpiewy starego
Płyniesz_Olzo_po_dolinie
Silesian ethnographic group
Silesian Beskids in the watershed of Vistula and Olza rivers, within Cieszyn Silesia (also in the Trans-Olza region). Their neighbours include Silesian Lachs [pl]
Cieszyn_Vlachs
Austro-Hungarian diplomat (1885–1940)
Józef Kubisz (14 March 1885 – 6 November 1940) was an Austro-Hungarian and Polish diplomat in the United States. During the years 1919 to 1933 he held
Józef_Kubisz
Polish statistician and politician (1873–1936)
Józef Buzek (16 November 1873 – 22 September 1936) was a Polish lawyer, economist, statistician and politician. Buzek was born on 16 November 1873 in the
Józef_Buzek
Władysław Santarius (also known as Vladislav Santarius) (12 November 1915 in Stonava, Austrian Silesia – 5 June 1989 in Havířov, Czechoslovakia) was a
Władysław_Santarius
Political concept from the time of World War II
confederation, Beneš was more lukewarm; his goal was to ensure that the disputed Trans-Olza territory that had passed to Poland in the aftermath of the Munich Agreement
Polish–Czechoslovak confederation
Polish–Czechoslovak_confederation
Polish teacher, poet, writer, and activist
the most important Polish writers of his generation from the region of Trans-Olza. Przeczek was born on 7 April 1936 in Karviná, to a coal miner's family
Wilhelm_Przeczek
Historical land in the Czech Republic
of the Reichsgau Sudetenland and Poland occupied the Trans-Olza area on the west bank of the Olza (the Polish gains being lost when Nazi Germany occupied
Czech_Silesia
Czech footballer
Radek Szmek (born 13 August 1986) is a football player from the Czech Republic. He belongs to the Polish minority in the Czech Republic. Szmek played most
Radek_Szmek
Polish physician and politician
Polish physician, activist and politician. He came from the region of Trans-Olza in Czechoslovakia and was a mayor of the town of Karviná for seven years
Wacław_Olszak
Historical region in Central Europe
broke out around Cieszyn Silesia, whereafter Czechoslovakia gained the Trans-Olza strip in addition to the Hlučín Region. From 1919 to 1921 three Silesian
Upper_Silesia
Polish lawyer, politician, activist
Association of Polish Choirs in Czechoslovakia. After the annexation of Trans-Olza region to Poland in 1938, President Ignacy Mościcki named him a deputy
Franciszek_Bajorek
Polish historian (1932–2023)
historian. He specialised in the history of Cieszyn Silesia and the region of Trans-Olza. Zahradnik was born on 26 April 1932 in Kojkovice. He graduated from the
Stanisław_Zahradnik
Emanuel Chobot (Polish pronunciation: [ɛmaˈnu.ɛl ˈxɔbɔt]; 1 January 1881 – 7 June 1944) was a Polish trade union activist and politician. He was the chairman
Emanuel_Chobot
Interwar socialist party in Czechoslovakia
Polish Socialist Workers Party (Polish: Polska Socjalistyczna Partia Robotnicza, PSPR) was a political party in Czechoslovakia founded in February 1921
Polish Socialist Workers Party
Polish_Socialist_Workers_Party
Pre-WWII diplomatic demand
September 30, 1938, when it took advantage of the Sudeten Crisis to demand Trans-Olza, annexed by Czechoslovakia 20 years earlier. On both occasions, Poland
1938 Polish ultimatum to Lithuania
1938_Polish_ultimatum_to_Lithuania
Polish singer and actor (1970–2026)
Przemysław Branny (24 December 1970 – 3 October 2026) was a Polish actor and singer. Przemysław Branny was born on 24 December 1970. He completed his primary
Przemysław_Branny
Football club
the Czechoslovak Football Association. Together with such teams from Trans-Olza as Siła Trzyniec, Siła Karwina, Siła Orłowa, Siła Frysztat, Siła Karwina-Sowiniec
Polonia_Karwina
Short lived-county of Poland in 1938
Voivodeship, Poland in 1938. It was established following the incorporation of Trans-Olza region by Poland from Czechoslovakia on 2 October 1938. It was formed
Cieszyn_West_County
Polish organization in the Czech Republic
Kongres Polaków w Republice Czeskiej (Czech: Kongres Poláků v České republice) (meaning "The Congress of Poles in the Czech Republic") is a Polish organization
Congress of Poles in the Czech Republic
Congress_of_Poles_in_the_Czech_Republic
in a studies of culture, folklore and language of Cieszyn Silesia and Trans-Olza. Kadłubiec graduated from Polish primary school in Bystřice, Polish gymnasium
Karol_Daniel_Kadłubiec
WW2 Polish light tank
A twin-turreted version of the 7TP, pictured reclaiming Trans-Olza in October 1938 following the Munich Agreement
7TP
Polish writer and poet (1908-1967)
later worked as a teacher of Polish language at Polish primary schools in Trans-Olza and eventually at the Polish Gymnasium in Orlová. When World War II broke
Adolf_Fierla
Czech ice hockey player
Marian Adámek (born 2 October 1997) is a Czech ice hockey defenceman. He is currently playing with HC Oceláři Třinec of the Czech Extraliga. Adámek made
Marian_Adámek
Czech badminton player (born 1995)
Adam Mendrek (born 14 November 1995) is a Czech badminton player. He competed in the 2024 Paris Olympics. In 2015, he won the men's singles event at the
Adam_Mendrek
Czech politician
Bohuslav Niemiec (Polish: Bogusław Niemiec) (born 11 February 1982) is a Czech politician and deputy chairman of the Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak
Bohuslav_Niemiec
Polish poet, writer, and activist
December 1971) was a Polish Czech poet, writer, and activist from the Trans-Olza region of Czechoslovakia. He is considered the most important writer of
Adam_Wawrosz
Former district of Czechoslovakia
Silesia. Following the Munich Agreement, in November 1938 together with the Trans-Olza region it was annexed by Poland. The Český Těšín District was administratively
Český_Těšín_District
Eugene Kornel Balon (Polish: Eugeniusz Kornel Bałon, Czech: Evžen Kornel Balon; 1 August 1930 – 4 September 2013) was a Polish Canadian and Czech zoologist
Eugene_K._Balon
Polish organization in the Czech Republic
is Festiwal PZKO. PZKO also closely cooperates with Polish schools in Trans-Olza, and with the Polish Scene (ensemble) of Cieszyn Theatre, in Český Těšín
Polish Cultural and Educational Union
Polish_Cultural_and_Educational_Union
Polish nationalist ideology
irredentism on Czechoslovakia, and had annexed Trans-Olza into Polish territory. The annexation of Trans-Olza was justified by Poland to protect its Polish
Polish_irredentism
Jablunkov. He held this function until October 1938. After the annexation of Trans-Olza region to Poland in 1938, President Ignacy Mościcki named him a deputy
Rudolf_Paszek
Polish writer (1907–1968)
journalist, and activist. He was one of the most important poets from the Trans-Olza region of Cieszyn Silesia. Kubisz was born to a poor worker's family in
Paweł_Kubisz
Warsaw sent an ultimatum to Prague, demanding the return of the region of Trans-Olza, which the Czechs had annexed in 1919-20. Czechoslovak government agreed
Frysztat_County
Polish linguist (1860–1902)
Jan Bystroń (13 June 1860 in Datynie Dolne – 30 June 1902 in Kraków) was a Polish linguist. Bystroń specialized in the dialects of Cieszyn Silesia. He
Jan_Bystroń_(linguist)
Document issued by Adolf Hitler
that Trans-Olza region must be handed over within twenty-four hours. The Czechs have little choice but to comply. Polish forces occupy Trans-Olza. 5 October
Godesberg_Memorandum
Ethnic group of Central Europe
traditions of the Polish nationality group in Trans-Olza. It is the largest cultural and folklore festival in Trans-Olza gathering thousands of spectators each
Gorals
Polish politician (1879–1932)
hometown and the workplace fell to Czechoslovakia and Kiedroń left the Trans-Olza area, as he was an active pro-Polish activist; and stayed in Poland, where
Józef_Kiedroń
Kristallnacht of 1938. In October 1938, Trans-Olza (part of Cieszyn Silesia, the disputed area west of the Olza River: 876 km2 or 338 sq mi with 258,000
History_of_Silesia
Polish activist and socialist politician
edited the PPSD press organ Naprzód (Forward). After the annexation of Trans-Olza region to Poland in 1938, President Ignacy Mościcki named him a deputy
Augustyn_Łukosz
the Trans-Olza region must be handed over within twenty-four hours. The Czechs have little choice but to comply. Polish forces occupy Trans-Olza. 16 October
1938_in_Germany
Silesia Austrian Silesia Czech Silesia Cieszyn Silesia Opavian Silesia Trans-Olza Galician Silesia Duchy of Zator Duchy of Oświęcim Żywiecczyzna [pl] Galicia
List of historical regions of Central Europe
List_of_historical_regions_of_Central_Europe
Emanuel Grim (1 January 1883 – 18 October 1950) was a Polish Catholic priest, writer and journalist from the region of Cieszyn Silesia. He was one of the
Emanuel_Grim
Czech footballer (1932–2018)
Tadeusz Kraus (22 October 1932 – 30 October 2018), also known as Tadeáš Kraus, was a Czechoslovak international footballer who played as a forward. He
Tadeusz_Kraus
Major Franciszek Pokorny (15 June 1891 in Mosty, Austria-Hungary – 22 November 1966 in Edinburgh, Scotland) was a Polish Army officer who, after World
Franciszek_Pokorny
Czech and Polish folklore festival
Silesian Gorals. It is the largest cultural and folklore festival in the Trans-Olza area, drawing thousands of spectators each day of festivities. In 2007
Gorolski_Święto
Town in Moravian-Silesian, Czech Republic
decision of the Spa Conference from July 1920, thus in practice creating the Trans-Olza area, leaving a sizable Polish minority on the Czech side and dividing
Český_Těšín
Town in Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
Český Těšín were merged again in October 1938 when Poland annexed the Trans-Olza area together with Český Těšín. Following the joint German-Soviet invasion
Cieszyn
Polish journalist, poet, writer, and activist
activist. He is considered one of the most important writers from the Trans-Olza region after World War II and one of the most popular local Polish poets
Henryk_Jasiczek
1918–1992 country in Central Europe
southern Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia was redeemed by Hungary, and the Trans-Olza region was annexed by Poland. 1939–1945: The remainder of the state was
Czechoslovakia
1918–1992 combined military forces of Czechoslovakia
the brief Polish-Czechoslovak War, in which Czechoslovakia annexed the Trans-Olza region from the Second Polish Republic. It also fought a border war with
Czechoslovak_Army
1945 WWII allied discussion of postwar reorganization
Dzierżyńszczyzna (1932-1937) Munich Agreement and Polish annexation of Trans-Olza (1938) First Vienna Award and Polish annexation of parts of Spiš and Orava
Yalta_Conference
Polish physician, writer and poet
He is known mostly for his aphorisms. Gaudyn lived since 1939 in the Trans-Olza region and spent his youth in Fryštát. He graduated from the Juliusz Słowacki
Janusz_Gaudyn
the indecisive preparations for, and execution of, Poland's takeover of Trans-Olza 17 years later, in 1938. Moreover, the preponderant political circumstances
Edmund_Charaszkiewicz
Polish physician and politician
hometown and the workplace fell to Czechoslovakia and Michejda left the Trans-Olza area as he was an active pro-Polish activist; he stayed in Poland, where
Tadeusz_Michejda
Polish Czech teacher, writer and poet
Adam Mickiewicz. Młynek then worked as a teacher in Polish schools in Trans-Olza – in Třinec, Hnojník, Milíkov, Bukovec and at Kamenitý hill in the Moravian-Silesian
Władysław_Młynek
Bilateral relations
were somewhat strained by the Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts over Trans-Olza and Cieszyn in the early 1920s and late 1930s (see also Munich Agreement)
Czechoslovakia–Poland relations
Czechoslovakia–Poland_relations
City in the Czech Republic
town. Following the Munich Agreement in October 1938, together with the Trans-Olza region, it was annexed by Poland, administratively adjoined to Cieszyn
Třinec
Polish historian
świadomość społeczna na Śląsku Cieszyńskim w drugiej połowie XIX w. (1966) Nad Olzą (Śląsk Cieszyński w wiekach XVIII, XIX i XX) (1971) Karol Śliwka - i jego
Józef_Chlebowczyk
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance