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Two dimensional filters have seen substantial development effort due to their importance and high applicability across several domains. In the 2-D case
Two-dimensional_filter
Signal processing technique used in radar
sensitivity improvements in target detection. STAP involves a two-dimensional filtering technique using a phased-array antenna with multiple spatial channels
Space-time adaptive processing
Space-time_adaptive_processing
Image-processing filter decomposable into two 1D filters
A separable filter in image processing can be written as the product of two or more simple filters. Typically a 2-dimensional convolution operation is
Separable_filter
Non-linear digital filtering technique to remove noise
higher-dimensional) data, the window must include all entries within a given radius or ellipsoidal or rectangular region (i.e., the median filter is not
Median_filter
space, spatial frequency, and orientation optimized by two-dimensional visual cortical filters. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 1985, pp. 1160–9
Log_Gabor_filter
Linear filter used for texture analysis
extracting useful features from an image. In the discrete domain, two-dimensional Gabor filters are given by, G c [ i , j ] = B ∗ e ( i 4 + j 8 ) ∗ 2 1 0 {\displaystyle
Gabor_filter
Type of natural semiconductor with thicknesses on the atomic scale
A two-dimensional semiconductor (also known as 2D semiconductor) is a type of natural semiconductor with thicknesses on the atomic scale. Geim and Novoselov
Two-dimensional_semiconductor
similar to a single dimensional signal as far as manipulations that can be performed, such as sampling, Fourier analysis, and filtering. The actual computations
Multidimensional signal processing
Multidimensional_signal_processing
Mathematical operation on a sampled signal
Low-pass filter Infinite impulse response, Finite impulse response Linkwitz–Riley filter Matched filter Savitzky–Golay filter Two-dimensional filter Lyakhov
Digital_filter
Graphics file modifier
SVG filter effects are effects applied to Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) files. SVG is an open-standard XML format for two-dimensional vector graphics
SVG_filter_effects
A two-dimensional (2D) adaptive filter is very much like a one-dimensional adaptive filter in that it is a linear system whose parameters are adaptively
2D_adaptive_filters
Matrix decomposition
correlation, one can rearrange the two spatial dimensions into one dimension, thus yielding a two-dimensional filter (space, time) which can be decomposed
Singular_value_decomposition
Tool for digital signal processing
distribution by a two-dimensional filtering that defines the class of quadratic (or bilinear) time–frequency distributions. The filter bank and the spectrogram
Filter_bank
Mersereau, Russell M. (Feb 1981). "A Note on the Use of Windows for Two-Dimensional FIR Filter Design". IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
Two-dimensional_window_design
Mathematical operation in signal processing
filter was used, such as: Then, once the two-dimensional space was converted into a helix, the one-dimensional filter would look as follows: h ( n ) = − 1
Multidimensional discrete convolution
Multidimensional_discrete_convolution
Algorithm to smooth data points
one-dimensional filter coefficients are found by fitting a polynomial in the subsidiary variable z to a set of m data points, the two-dimensional coefficients
Savitzky–Golay_filter
Filter in electronics and signal processing
transformation is also known as the Weierstrass transform. The one-dimensional Gaussian filter has an impulse response given by g ( x ) = a π e − a x 2 {\displaystyle
Gaussian_filter
signals. In contrast to the one dimensional output produced by multi-channel filtering, velocity filters produce a two-dimensional output. Consider an array
Velocity_filter
Type of image blur produced by a Gaussian function
two-dimensional image as two independent one-dimensional calculations, and so is termed a separable filter. That is, the effect of applying the two-dimensional
Gaussian_blur
Filters used in signal processing that are optimal in some sense
example of matched filtering. It is so called because the impulse response is matched to input pulse signals. Two-dimensional matched filters are commonly used
Matched_filter
Algorithm that estimates unknowns from a series of measurements over time
Kuduvalli, G.R. (1994). "Two-dimensional restoration of single photon emission computed tomography images using the Kalman filter". IEEE Transactions on
Kalman_filter
Canadian engineer (1941–2014)
researchers to make a contribution to the foundations of two-dimensional and multi-dimensional digital filtering. These techniques are widely used in image and
Anastasios_Venetsanopoulos
Mathematical technique in spectroscopic analysis
Two dimensional correlation analysis is a mathematical technique that is used to study changes in measured signals. As mostly spectroscopic signals are
Two-dimensional correlation analysis
Two-dimensional_correlation_analysis
Data structure for approximate set membership
In computing, a Bloom filter is a space-efficient probabilistic data structure, conceived by Burton Howard Bloom in 1970, that is used to test whether
Bloom_filter
Filter in digital signal processing
also known as bicubic filters in image editing programs because they are bi-dimensional cubic splines. The Mitchell–Netravali filters were designed as part
Mitchell–Netravali_filters
Process of reducing the number of random variables under consideration
Dimensionality reduction, or dimension reduction, is the transformation of data from a high-dimensional space into a low-dimensional space so that the
Dimensionality_reduction
Geometric algorithms for signal processing
project the infinite dimensional SPDE of the optimal filter onto the chosen finite dimensional family, obtaining a finite dimensional stochastic differential
Projection_filters
Signal processing filter
noisy one-dimensional time-ordered data stream. The generalized Wiener filter generalizes the same idea beyond the domain of one-dimensional time-ordered
Generalized_Wiener_filter
ratio. There are two well-known methods of designing velocity filters for seismic data processing applications. The two-dimensional Fourier transform
Multidimensional seismic data processing
Multidimensional_seismic_data_processing
Image edge detection algorithm
The Sobel operator, sometimes called the Sobel–Feldman operator or Sobel filter, is used in image processing and computer vision, particularly within edge
Sobel_operator
Signal filter whose output is not a linear function of its input
a nonlinear filter is a filter whose output is not a linear function of its input. That is, if the filter outputs signals R and S for two input signals
Nonlinear_filter
Simulation of the appearance of being three-dimensional
restricted to a two-dimensional (2D) plane with little to no access to a third dimension in a space that otherwise appears to be three-dimensional and is often
2.5D
nonlinear multi-dimensional systems. This method is an empirical method and can be directly applied to data sets. Multi-dimensional nonlinear filters (MDNF) are
Non-linear multi-dimensional signal processing
Non-linear_multi-dimensional_signal_processing
Technique in signal processing
Lanczos filtering and Lanczos resampling are two applications of a certain mathematical formula. It can be used as a low-pass filter or used to smoothly
Lanczos_resampling
Optical device
A spatial filter is an optical device which uses the principles of Fourier optics to alter the structure of a beam of light or other electromagnetic radiation
Spatial_filter
Estimation method
that he adopted to avoid it being referred to as the “Uhlmann filter.” Many filtering and control methods represent estimates of the state of a system
Unscented_transform
Statistical algorithm
intersection (CI) is an algorithm for combining two or more estimates of state variables in a Kalman filter when the correlation between them is unknown
Covariance_intersection
Algorithm for noise reduction in images
cylinder-like shapes. Filtering is done on every fragments group. A d + 1 {\displaystyle d+1} [clarification needed] dimensional linear transform is applied
Block-matching and 3D filtering
Block-matching_and_3D_filtering
Electronic filter that is constructed with waveguide technology
A waveguide filter is an electronic filter constructed with waveguide technology. Waveguides are hollow metal conduits inside which an electromagnetic
Waveguide_filter
Method of representing images in 3D
sciences describing how to project three-dimensional magic lantern slide shows using red and green filters to an audience wearing red and green goggles
Anaglyph_3D
in multi-dimensional metric spaces. The kNN query is one of the hardest problems on multi-dimensional data, especially when the dimensionality of the data
IDistance
Algorithm used by recommender systems
Collaborative filtering (CF) is, besides content-based filtering, one of two major techniques used by recommender systems. Collaborative filtering has two senses
Collaborative_filtering
Straight line segment that passes through the centre of a circle
(e.g. "⌀ 55 mm"), indicating that it represents diameter. Photographic filter thread sizes are often denoted in this way. The symbol has a code point
Diameter
Integral transform in mathematics
a function f defined on the plane to a function Rf defined on the (two-dimensional) space of lines in the plane, whose value at a particular line is equal
Radon_transform
1999 video game
Syphon Filter is a 1999 third-person shooter video game developed by Eidetic and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation. 989 Studios
Syphon_Filter_(video_game)
Structure that categorizes facts and measures in a data warehouse
attributes are designed to serve two critical purposes: query constraining and/or filtering, and query result set labeling. Dimension attributes should be: Verbose
Dimension_(data_warehouse)
Because high-dimensional feature space is linear, kernel adaptive filters can be thought of as a generalization of linear adaptive filters. As with linear
Kernel_adaptive_filter
American mathematician
Chiappa's book. This article covers many one and two dimensional, linear and non-linear digital filters. Two approaches to improve recording fidelity is by
Joseph_Sgro
Predictive filter
An alpha beta filter (also called alpha-beta filter, f-g filter or g-h filter) is a simplified form of observer for estimation, data smoothing and control
Alpha_beta_filter
Signal with equal energy per octave
of the frequency (in one dimension), or by the frequency (in two dimensions) etc. This is equivalent to spatially filtering (convolving) the white noise
Pink_noise
Projection of data onto lower-dimensional manifolds
is a sample on a two-dimensional manifold in 1024-dimensional space (a Hamming space). The intrinsic dimensionality is two, because two variables (rotation
Nonlinear dimensionality reduction
Nonlinear_dimensionality_reduction
Type of Monte Carlo algorithms for signal processing and statistical inference
these methods do not perform well when applied to very high-dimensional systems. Particle filters update their prediction in an approximate (statistical)
Particle_filter
2007 video game
Prism: Light the Way is a two-dimensional puzzle video game developed by British company Morpheme Game Studios. In the game, the player, with the help
Prism:_Light_the_Way
Marketing name
glasses, is not visible to the guest. In alternate forms one filter is placed in each of two projectors, both pointed at the same screen, one displaying
Dolby_3D
digital filters. The decimation and expansion matrices have dimension of D x D, where D represents the dimension. To extend the one dimensional (1-D) multirate
Multidimensional Multirate Systems
Multidimensional_Multirate_Systems
G\left(x_{N},t\right)} the N-dimensional convolution operation can be decomposed into a set of separable smoothing steps with a one-dimensional Gaussian kernel G
Scale_space_implementation
Fitting an approximating function to data
series of data points (rather than a multi-dimensional image), the convolution kernel is a one-dimensional vector. One of the most common algorithms is
Smoothing
Set of methods providing two-dimensional data
Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) is an advanced spectroscopic technique that builds upon the capabilities of one-dimensional Nuclear
Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Two-dimensional_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy
Edge detection operator
possible to separate the process of obtaining the value of a two-dimensional Deriche filter into two parts. In first part, image array is passed in the horizontal
Deriche_edge_detector
Intellectual isolation through internet algorithms
A filter bubble is a state of intellectual isolation that arises when personalized searches, recommendation systems, and algorithmic curation selectively
Filter_bubble
and Julesz, B. (1973). Masking in Visual Recognition: Effects of Two-Dimensional Filtered Noise. Science (1973 Jun 15) 180:1194–1197 Harmon, L. D. (1973)
Leon_Harmon
Recursive filter
The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a recursive filter suitable for problems with a large number of variables, such as discretizations of partial differential
Ensemble_Kalman_filter
Optical machine-readable representation of data
referred to as linear or one-dimensional (1D), can be scanned by optical scanners known as barcode readers. Later, two-dimensional (2D) variants were developed
Barcode
Filter that has a linear response
as frequency filters. Non real-time implementations of linear time-invariant filters need not be causal. Filters of more than one dimension are also used
Linear_filter
Form of kernel density estimation in which the size of the kernels used is varied
simple, linear filter. Using a fixed filter width may mean that in regions of low density, all samples will fall in the tails of the filter with very low
Variable kernel density estimation
Variable_kernel_density_estimation
Form of an object
shapes. A two-dimensional shape or two-dimensional figure (also: 2D shape or 2D figure) may lie on a more general curved surface (a two-dimensional space)
Shape
Chinese-American engineer and computer scientist (1936–2020)
first algebraic procedure for testing the stability conditions of two-dimensional filters, based on double bilinear transformation and the Ansell method
Thomas_Huang
Type of optical illusion
stereoscopy techniques; a combination of two images, most typically but not necessarily an anaglyph (color filtered stereo image). With common (red–cyan)
Phantogram_(optical_illusion)
function filter utilizes the transfer function and the Convolution theorem to produce a filter. In this article, an example of such a filter using finite
FIR_transfer_function
Type of filter in signal processing
For the wave filter invented by Zobel and sometimes named after him see m-derived filters. Zobel networks are a type of filter section based on the image-impedance
Zobel_network
Two-dimensional vector image file format
Two-dimensional vector image file format
Precision Graphics Markup Language
Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language
requires |journal= (help) McClellan, James (1973). "The design of two-dimensional digital filters by transformations". Proc. 7th Annu. Princeton Conf. Information
Multirate filter bank and multidimensional directional filter banks
Multirate_filter_bank_and_multidimensional_directional_filter_banks
resource. These arrays may be two or three-dimensional depending upon the number of independent variables. In a two-dimensional array (also referred to as
Rockworks
Optical filter
In the FSS case, the unit cell is 2-dimensional and in the photonic crystal case, the unit cell is 3-dimensional. The Bloch wave - MoM approach will be
Frequency_selective_surface
Type of signal processing filter
A mechanical filter is a signal processing filter usually used in place of an electronic filter at radio frequencies. Its purpose is the same as that of
Mechanical_filter
Image processing method
computer vision techniques. The edges extracted from a two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional scene can be classified as either viewpoint dependent
Edge_detection
Structure in data warehousing
queries by changing the date filter logic. You don't need to reprocess the fact table if there is a change in the dimension table (e.g. adding additional
Slowly_changing_dimension
Display device
which are cards that contain two separate images that are printed side by side to create the illusion of a three-dimensional image. Pairs of stereo views
3D_display
Filtering technique
amount of noise filtering is then obtained. Signal subspace noise-reduction can be compared to Wiener filter methods. There are two main differences:
Signal_subspace
Technique for creating or enhancing the impression of depth in an image
of three-dimensional depth. The most popular type of stereoscopy, two-view stereoscopy, creates the impression from a pair of two-dimensional images. Human
Stereoscopy
Measuring elevation with stereo photographs
filter and the right photo projected with red light and the right eye seeing through the red filter, the overlapping image becomes three-dimensional.
Stereoplotter
wavelets are multi-dimensional wavelets that are not directly implemented as tensor products of wavelets on some lower-dimensional space. They have been
Non-separable_wavelet
Analog of the continuous Laplace operator
derivative. The smoothing filter and Laplace filter are often combined into a single filter. For one-, two- and three-dimensional signals, the discrete Laplacian
Discrete_Laplace_operator
Family of lossless-compression image file formats
layer of PNG's predictive filters take account of the 2-dimensional image structure to further compress files; as filtered data encodes differences between
PNG
Using polarized light to create a 3D image
stereoscopic images and films, two images are projected superimposed onto the same screen or displayed through different polarizing filters. The viewer wears low-cost
Polarized_3D_system
Characteristic of an optical system
response. Although typically only a one-dimensional, or sometimes a two-dimensional section is used, the three-dimensional optical transfer function can improve
Optical_transfer_function
Technique for reducing low-resolution image distortion
to make a good filter (it is not even square-integrable). A more appropriate analog to the one-dimensional sinc is the two-dimensional Airy disc amplitude
Spatial_anti-aliasing
Synthesis of audio using a digital waveguide
one-dimensional waveguides. Membranes, as used in drums, may be modeled using two-dimensional waveguide meshes, and reverberation in three-dimensional spaces
Digital_waveguide_synthesis
Statistical filter
where m is a positive, odd integer. The KZ filter belongs to the class of low-pass filters. The KZ filter has two parameters, the length m of the moving average
Kolmogorov–Zurbenko_filter
Technique for creating microscopic structures
create an arbitrary three-dimensional pattern. This method has been used for rapid prototyping of structures with fine features. Two-photon absorption (TPA)
Multiphoton_lithography
Robust local feature detector
approx = current filter size × ( base filter scale base filter size ) {\displaystyle \sigma _{\text{approx}}={\text{current filter size}}\times \left({\frac
Speeded_up_robust_features
Directional change in the intensity or color in an image
denotes the 1-dimensional convolution operation. This 2×1 filter will shift the image by half a pixel. To avoid this, the following 3×1 filter [ − 1 0 + 1
Image_gradient
Process in machine learning and statistics
which finds low-dimensional projections of the data that score highly: the features that have the largest projections in the lower-dimensional space are then
Feature_selection
Dimensionless parameter
dimensionless value that characterizes interaction of two resonators. Coupling coefficients are used in resonator filter theory. Resonators may be both electromagnetic
Coupling coefficient of resonators
Coupling_coefficient_of_resonators
Periodic optical nanostructure that affects the motion of photons
as to what could happen if two- or three-dimensional periodic optical structures were used. The concept of three-dimensional photonic crystals was then
Photonic_crystal
Function specifying the behavior of a component in an electronic or control system
inputs. The transfer function of a two-port electronic circuit, such as an amplifier, might be a two-dimensional graph of the scalar voltage at the output
Transfer_function
schemes and multi-dimensional spectroscopy techniques. Although sharing a lot in principle of operation with an acousto-optic tunable filter, the AOPDF should
Acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter
Acousto-optic_programmable_dispersive_filter
Mathematical procedure
blog post factorized the user-item rating matrix as the product of two lower dimensional matrices, the first one has a row for each user, while the second
Matrix factorization (recommender systems)
Matrix_factorization_(recommender_systems)
System to predict users' preferences
recommendation engine or content discovery platform is a type of information filtering system that aims to suggest items most relevant for some input or to a
Recommender_system
Two-dimensional vector image file format
Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector graphics format for defining two-dimensional graphics, having support for interactivity and animation. The SVG specification
SVG
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TWO DIMENSIONAL-FILTER
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TWO DIMENSIONAL-FILTER
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