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Government system dominated by only two major political parties
A two-party system is a political party system in which two major political parties consistently dominate the political landscape. At any point in time
Two-party_system
Constitution, which predates the party system. The two-party system is based on laws, party rules, and custom. Several third parties also operate in the U.S.
Political parties in the United States
Political_parties_in_the_United_States
Political system with three or more parties
political science, a multi-party system is a political system where more than two meaningfully distinct political parties regularly run for office and
Multi-party_system
Phase in U.S. electoral politics (1828–1854)
Second Party System was the political party system operating in the United States from about 1828 to 1860, after the First Party System ended. The system was
Second_Party_System
Voting system
The two-round system (TRS or 2RS), sometimes called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, is a single-winner electoral system which aims to
Two-round_system
Political groupings in a democracy
A party system is a concept in comparative political science concerning the system of government by political parties in a democratic country. The idea
Party_system
Continuous dominance of a single political party in elections
A dominant-party system, or a one-party dominant system, is a political occurrence in which a single political party continuously dominates election results
Dominant-party_system
Organization coordinating policy priorities and candidates for government positions
multi-party systems may have two parties that are noticeably more competitive than the other parties. Such party systems have been called "two-party-plus"
Political_party
State where only one party may form a government
A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls
One-party_state
US political parties other than the two major parties
party, or minor party, is a term used in the United States' two-party system for political parties other than the Democratic and Republican parties.
Third_party_(U.S._politics)
Winner-takes-all voting systems tend to result in only two viable parties
create, join and vote for new political parties if they are unhappy with current parties. A two-party system is most common under plurality voting. Voters
Duverger's_law
Plurality voting system
electoral systems. FPP is still used in the majority of US states for most elections. However, the combination of partisan primaries and a two-party system in
First-past-the-post_voting
Voting system that makes outcomes proportional to vote totals
achieved by any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The party make-up of the elected
Proportional_representation
Result of election after distribution of preferences
parliamentary parties. The TPP assumes a two-party system of government, i.e. that after distribution of votes from less successful candidates, the two remaining
Two-party-preferred_vote
American political party
members of the two major American political parties and third parties, as well as independent candidates. On July 27, 2022, the Forward Party announced that
Forward_Party_(United_States)
a two-party system. At least one of the many political parties has a chance of gaining power alone. Attributed to multiple sources: Republican Party of
List of political parties in South Korea
List_of_political_parties_in_South_Korea
Legislations regarding telephone calls
recording. Germany is a two-party consent jurisdiction: telephone recording without the consent of the two or, when applicable, more, parties is a criminal offence
Telephone_call_recording_laws
Phase in U.S. electoral politics (1932–1976)
The Fifth Party System, also known as the New Deal Party System, is the era of American national politics that began with the election of Franklin D.
Fifth_Party_System
Political party system
Two-and-a-half party system is a party system where each of the two major political parties that stand apart on the political spectrum needs a coalition
Two-and-a-half_party_system
Political party with substantial influence in a country's politics
parties are able to generate. Two major parties can lead to a two-party system. If there is only one major party, then it is a dominant-party system.
Major_party
American politics has often settled into a two-party system, which as well as involving conflict between the two parties has also involved long periods of bipartisanship
Bipartisanship in United States politics
Bipartisanship_in_United_States_politics
Chinese constitutional principle
"One country, two systems" (1C2S) is a constitutional principle of the People's Republic of China (PRC) describing the governance of the special administrative
One_country,_two_systems
Collaboration between political parties
context of a two-party system (especially those of the United States and some other Western countries), in which opposing political parties find common
Bipartisanship
Big tent political party in Brazil
2023[update]. Originally, the MDB was founded in 1965 as part of an enforced two party system by the Brazilian military dictatorship, being the "consented opposition"
Brazilian_Democratic_Movement
of two conservative parties, Japan Democratic Party and Liberal Party. This, plus the reformation of the JSP, created a "one and a half party system",
1994 Japanese electoral reform
1994_Japanese_electoral_reform
Phase in U.S. electoral politics
The Sixth Party System is the era in United States politics following the Fifth Party System. As with any periodization, opinions differ on when the Sixth
Sixth_Party_System
Pakistani social democratic political party
emerged as the largest opposition party. In the 20th century, the party dominated the nation's politics and the two-party system in rival with the conservative
Pakistan_People's_Party
Labour parties have dominated British politics, and have alternated in government ever since. However, the UK is not a two-party system as other parties have
List of political parties in the United Kingdom
List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom
Change in voter support from one election to another
multi-party swing is an indicator of a change in the electorate's preference between candidates or parties, often between major parties in a two-party system
Swing_(politics)
(PP) and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). Spain was formerly considered to have a two-party system dominated by the PSOE and the PP; however
List of political parties in Spain
List_of_political_parties_in_Spain
mild two-party system, with two dominant political groupings in the Australian political system, the Australian Labor Party and the Liberal Party of Australia
List of political parties in Australia
List_of_political_parties_in_Australia
Election that narrows the field of candidates before an election for office
as using a partisan two-round system to highlight the similarity to two-round (runoff) systems, particularly in two-party systems.[citation needed] These
Primary_election
Group involved with politics
of the most common types are multi-party systems, single party systems, and two party systems. In multi-party systems such as India, Pakistan, etc., there
Political_organisation
Political party in Palestine
alternative to the two-party system of Hamas and Fatah. In the January 2006 PLC elections the party received 2.41% of the popular vote and won two of the Council's
Third_Way_(Palestine)
Rejection of radical or extreme political views
for centrist political parties is a statistical anomaly, in part due to the entrenched nature of the country's two-party system. Scholars have debated
Political_moderate
Vote potentially going to more than one candidate
of candidates in an election, or, in a two-party system, may go to either of the two dominant political parties. It usually comes from voters who are 'undecided'
Swing_vote
1678–1859 political party in the UK
new system emerged with two separate opposition groups. The Rockingham Whigs claimed the mantle of Old Whigs as the purported successors of the party of
Whigs (British political party)
Whigs_(British_political_party)
article lists political parties in Liechtenstein. Liechtenstein has a two-party system where the two largest political parties—the Patriotic Union (VU)
List of political parties in Liechtenstein
List_of_political_parties_in_Liechtenstein
lists political parties in Costa Rica. Costa Rica used to have a two-party system, which meant that there were two dominant political parties, the Social
List of political parties in Costa Rica
List_of_political_parties_in_Costa_Rica
Political party in Brazil
dictatorship that ruled Brazil from 1964 to 1985. ARENA was part of a two-party system enforced by the dictatorship instituted in 1966, where only it and
National_Renewal_Alliance
election. The United States has had a two-party system for much of its history, and the major parties of the two-party system have dominated presidential elections
List of United States presidential candidates
List_of_United_States_presidential_candidates
Constitutional legislative body in Malta
they are one of only two parties to obtain seats. Malta has a stable two-party system, with only the Labour Party and Nationalist Party having a realistic
Parliament_of_Malta
Head of state and government
Liberia and their descendants. The original two-party system, with the Republican Party and the True Whig Party, ended in 1878, when the election of Anthony
President_of_Liberia
strong party system since the early 20th century. Usually, all members of Parliament's unicameral House of Representatives belong to a political party. The
List of political parties in New Zealand
List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand
Australia Party (which was led by Robert Menzies prior to him founding the Liberal Party). Although government has been a two-party system, since 1955
List of Australian federal elections
List_of_Australian_federal_elections
article lists political parties in Guyana. Guyana has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties. The main divide is not
List of political parties in Guyana
List_of_political_parties_in_Guyana
2025 book by Karine Jean-Pierre
outside the two-party system. The book was published on October 21, 2025. "Ex-White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre left Democratic Party, publisher
Independent: A Look Inside a Broken White House, Outside the Party Lines
Independent:_A_Look_Inside_a_Broken_White_House,_Outside_the_Party_Lines
Political party with little influence in politics
A minor party, also known in two-party systems as a third party, is a political party that plays a smaller (in some cases much smaller, even insignificant
Minor_party
the characteristic Greek political system was predominantly a two-party system. The historically dominant parties were New Democracy and the Panhellenic
List of political parties in Greece
List_of_political_parties_in_Greece
political parties in Grenada. Grenada has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties. For other parties it is extremely
List of political parties in Grenada
List_of_political_parties_in_Grenada
1881–1923 Spanish informal political system
informal two-party system of government within the constitutional monarchy of the Restoration. It consisted of the alternation in government of the two dynastic
Turno
multi-party system since 1979, when the country's military dictatorship disbanded an enforced two-party system and allowed the creation of multiple parties
List of political parties in Brazil
List_of_political_parties_in_Brazil
traditionally had a two-party system, dominated by the Liberal Party of Honduras and the National Party of Honduras. We All Are Honduras Party (Partido Todos
List of political parties in Honduras
List_of_political_parties_in_Honduras
Type of electoral system
A party-list system is a type of electoral system that formally involves political parties in the electoral process, usually to facilitate multi-winner
Party-list_system
process. The current two-party system in the United States is made up of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. These two parties have won every United
Politics_of_the_United_States
1957–1975 political party in Iran
a two-party system by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, apparently in opposition to the ruling New Iran Party and previously the Nationalists' Party. The party was
People's_Party_(Iran)
newly consolidated two-party system in Japanese politics, which would end in 2012 with the emergence of the Japan Restoration Party. On October 11, 2003
2003 Japanese general election
2003_Japanese_general_election
have dominated U.S. politics in a two-party system since 1856, some independents and members of other political parties have also been elected to the House
Third-party and independent members of the United States Congress
Third-party_and_independent_members_of_the_United_States_Congress
1880–1931 political party in Spain
political party created in 1880 by Práxedes Mateo Sagasta. With the Conservative Party of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, it formed a two-party system of alternating
Liberal_Party_(Spain,_1880)
proportional representation. Cape Verde has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties, with extreme difficulty for anybody
Elections_in_Cape_Verde
Type of democratic government
Non-partisan democracy (also no-party democracy) is a system of representative government or organization such that universal and periodic elections take
Non-partisan_democracy
marking a polarization in Canadian politics and a shift towards a two-party system. The result was a reversal of polling trends lasting from mid-2023
2025 Canadian federal election
2025_Canadian_federal_election
Historically, Venezuela had a two-party system, involving two major parties along with numerous other minor parties. That system imploded at the 1998 Venezuelan
List of political parties in Venezuela
List_of_political_parties_in_Venezuela
Japanese dominant party system since 1955
The 1955 system (Japanese: 55年体制, Hepburn: 55-nen Taisei), also known as the one-and-a-half party system, is a term used by scholars to describe the dominant-party
1955_System
lists political parties in Mozambique. Mozambique has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties, with difficulty
List of political parties in Mozambique
List_of_political_parties_in_Mozambique
North Dakota state affiliate of the Democratic Party
Democratic Party with the Nonpartisan League; the state previously had a three-party political system. The D-NPL is one of only two state Democratic Party affiliates
North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party
North_Dakota_Democratic–Nonpartisan_League_Party
political system under its Constitution, the world's tenth oldest, since Federation in 1901. Australia largely operates as a two-party system in which
Politics_of_Australia
Political party
rival of the Democratic Party in the 1850s, and the two parties have dominated American politics since then. The Republican Party was founded by anti-slavery
Republican Party (United States)
Republican_Party_(United_States)
13 appointed members. Grenada has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties, with extreme difficulty for anybody
Elections_in_Grenada
Phase in U.S. electoral politics (1792–1824)
The First Party System was the political party system in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1828. It featured two national parties competing for
First_Party_System
1957 book by Anthony Downs
citizens. Parties in a two-party system deliberately change their platforms so that they resemble one another; whereas parties in a multi-party system try to
An Economic Theory of Democracy
An_Economic_Theory_of_Democracy
President of Brazil from 1979 to 1985
Institutional Acts. In 1980, the two-party system was abolished, leading to the creation of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB) as the successor to
João_Figueiredo
Election
main opposition party, Libre. Honduras has historically been dominated by a two-party system – the National Party and the Liberal Party. This election
2013 Honduran general election
2013_Honduran_general_election
parliamentary democracy in 1991, Bangladesh has a fading two-party system, which means that two political parties dominate the general elections, with extreme difficulty
List of political parties in Bangladesh
List_of_political_parties_in_Bangladesh
Phase in U.S. electoral politics (1856–1896)
The Third Party System was a period in the history of political parties in the United States from the 1850s until the 1890s, which featured profound developments
Third_Party_System
vote. The United States has had a two-party system for much of its history, and the major parties of the two-party system have dominated presidential elections
List of unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States
List_of_unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States
lists political parties in the country of Belize. Belize has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties. It is difficult
List of political parties in Belize
List_of_political_parties_in_Belize
Phase in U.S. electoral politics (1896–1932)
The Fourth Party System was the political party system in the United States from about 1896 to 1932 that was dominated by the Republican Party, except the
Fourth_Party_System
1957–1963 political party in Pahlavi-era Iran
majority party from 1957 to 1960. The party was founded in 1957 by Manouchehr Eghbal on orders directed by Shah to initiate a two-party system. Its opposition
Nationalists'_Party
previous party, the IJI. It saw rapid growth under Nawaz Sharif in the 1990s as it entered a two-party system with alongside the Pakistan People's Party and
List of political parties in Pakistan
List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan
article lists political parties in Dominica. Dominica has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties, with extreme difficulty
List of political parties in Dominica
List_of_political_parties_in_Dominica
political parties in Colombia. Colombia historically maintained a two-party system dominated by the Colombian Liberal Party and Colombian Conservative Party, resulting
List of political parties in Colombia
List_of_political_parties_in_Colombia
French political scientist (1917–2014)
election system and the formation of a two-party system. While analysing the political system of France, he coined the term semi-presidential system. A staunch
Maurice_Duverger
Election of Andrew Jackson
removing key barriers to voter participation and establishing a stable two-party system. Jackson became the first president whose home state was neither Massachusetts
1828 United States presidential election
1828_United_States_presidential_election
a democratically elected parliament. There is a two-party system (though there are two minor parties as well) and a form of representative democracy in
Politics_of_Liechtenstein
has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties, with extreme difficulty for electoral success of smaller parties. Saint
List of political parties in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
List_of_political_parties_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines
lists political parties in Saint Lucia. Saint Lucia has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties, with extreme difficulty
List of political parties in Saint Lucia
List_of_political_parties_in_Saint_Lucia
Elected party giving jobs to supporters
politics and government, a spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives
Spoils_system
the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état. The collapse of the military-imposed two-party system that pitted the right-wing authoritarian National Renewal Alliance
1989 Brazilian presidential election
1989_Brazilian_presidential_election
Type of electoral system
use plurality voting will eventually become a two-party system after enough time. The two dominating parties regularly alternate in power and easily win
Plurality_voting
Single election choice which fills more than one political office or seat
Southern United States when there was no effective two party system and victory in the Democratic Party primary was considered to be "tantamount to election"
Ticket_(election)
Top-two primary election
political party. This distinguishes them from partisan primaries, which are segregated by political party. This is the first round of a two-round system. As
Nonpartisan_primary
1945–1965 political party in Brazil
artificial two-party system imposed by the military regime. Brizola led the majority of the PTB's former followers into the Democratic Labour Party. Harmer
Brazilian_Labour_Party_(1945)
Political party in Costa Rica
Costa Rica's two dominant political parties, alongside the National Liberation Party (PLN), forming the core of the country's two-party system. During this
Social_Christian_Unity_Party
lists political parties in Seychelles. Seychelles has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties (US and LDS), with
List of political parties in Seychelles
List_of_political_parties_in_Seychelles
Political party that is a constituent of an electoral bloc
a two party system, the ruling Nationalists' Party of PM Manouchehr Eghbal, which was later replaced by the Iran Novin Party, and the People's Party, which
Bloc_party
Former political party in Australia
Protectionist Party and Anti-Socialist Party, an event known as the Fusion. The creation of the party marked the emergence of a two-party system, replacing
Liberal Party (Australia, 1909)
Liberal_Party_(Australia,_1909)
Macedonia has a two-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each
Elections_in_North_Macedonia
a two-party system in which power alternates between relatively stable coalitions, each being led by a major party: on the left, the Socialist Party, on
Elections_in_France
candidates of one of two dominant political parties, and the country has effectively created a two party system. A third party Representative was elected
Elections_in_Malta
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