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Search references for VASCONIC LANGUAGES. Phrases containing VASCONIC LANGUAGES
See searches and references containing VASCONIC LANGUAGES!VASCONIC LANGUAGES
Proposed language family including Basque and Aquitanian
The Vasconic languages (from Latin vasco 'Basque'), also called Euskarian or Basque-Aquitanian, are a putative language family that includes Basque and
Vasconic_languages
Proposal regarding Western European languages
Vasconic substrate hypothesis is a proposal that several Western European languages contain remnants of an old language family of Vasconic languages,
Vasconic_substrate_hypothesis
Pre-Roman languages indigenous to the Iberian Peninsula
Iberian languages Languages of Spain Languages of Portugal Hispano-Celtic languages Vasconic substrate hypothesis Paleo-European languages Pre-Indo-European
Paleohispanic_languages
Proposed language family
languages and Burushaski in Asia; Na-Dené languages in North America; as well as Vasconic languages (including Basque) and North Caucasian languages from
Dené–Caucasian_languages
Language of the ancient Aquitani people
Castile). Aquitanian is related to Basque, both being classified as Vasconic languages. The term Aquitanian derives from Aquitania, the name given by Caesar
Aquitanian_language
Languages of Eurasia before the arrival of Indo-European languages
thought by Krahe) Vasconic substrate hypothesis Tyrsenian languages Pre-Greek substrate languages, which may have included: Minoan language (see also Linear
Pre-Indo-European_languages
European languages prior to the Bronze Age
borrowed early loanwords from unidentified non-Indo-European languages. Vasconic languages Aquitanian – a close relative, perhaps a direct ancestor, of
Paleo-European_languages
Language of the Basque people
Basque dialects Vasconic languages List of Basques Basque Country Late Basquisation Languages of France Languages of Spain Aquitanian language List of ideophones
Basque_language
Reconstructed predecessor of Basque
consonants were deleted, leaving the VCV pattern of Proto-Basque: Vasconic languages Proto-Basque Swadesh list (Wiktionary) Also called Pre-Basque by Trask
Proto-Basque_language
Extinct language of the Iberian Peninsula
found such "Sorothaptic" place names across Europe. Like the better-known Vasconic substrate hypothesis, Coromines' Sorothaptic hypothesis has not been well
Sorothaptic_language
Former region in France
readable as Basque. Whether this Aquitanian language (Proto-Basque) was a remnant of a Vasconic language group that once extended much farther, or it
Aquitaine
418–720 kingdom in Iberia
disappeared by this time, with the Gothic language losing its last and probably already declining function as a church language when the Visigoths renounced Arianism
Visigothic_Kingdom
Ancient people of northern Iberia
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Varduli
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Onesii
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Sennates
Ancient group of non Indo-European peoples from present-day France
old language, the Aquitanian language, was a precursor of the Basque language and the substrate for the Gascon language (one of the Romance languages) spoken
Aquitani
Topics referred to by the same term
Celts Vasconic substratum theory, proposal that several Western European languages contain remnants of an old language family of Vasconic languages This
Pre-Indo-European
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Tarbelli
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Venami
Ancient Aquitani tribe
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Vocates
history of the sprachraum. Extinct language Language death Lists of endangered languages Lists of extinct languages Last surviving native speaker. Last
List of languages by time of extinction
List_of_languages_by_time_of_extinction
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Bigerriones
Topics referred to by the same term
Philippines, by IATA code Vasconic languages, a supposed language family that groups together Basque and the extinct Aquitaine language, by ISO 639-5 code This
EUQ
Ancient Aquitanian people
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Toruates
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Pinpedunni
Ancient Basque-related peoples of the western Pyrenees
in the north and Vasconic, the language of the Vascones, in the south. Vasco-Aquitanian peoples spoke Aquitanian, a Vasconic language related to modern
Vasco-Aquitanian_peoples
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Auscii
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Lassunni
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Belendi
Ancient town in Roman Aquitania, now Oloron-Sainte-Marie
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Iluro_(Aquitania)
Ancient people of Roman Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Sediboviates
Extinct variety of Navarro-Aragonese of medieval La Rioja
is believed by experts that the Hand of Irulegi is written in this Vasconic language, referred as "proto-Basque". Upon the arrival of Romans in 218 BC
Old_Riojan
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Elusates
The language families of Africa Map of the Austronesian languages Map of major Dravidian languages Distribution of the Indo-European language family
List_of_language_families
languages of the Roman Empire, but other languages were regionally important. Latin was the original language of the Romans and remained the language
Languages_of_the_Roman_Empire
Ancient Aquitanian tribe
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Tarusates
Gallo-Roman civitas centred on Dax
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Aquenses
Ancient Gallic tribe
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Consoranni
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Garumni
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Camponi
Pre-Roman tribe, namesake ancestors of the Basques
the Basque language, as with the Iberian term ili, adopted in Basque as hiri with the meaning of town or city, and present in the Vasconic name for the
Vascones
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Lactorates
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Cocosates
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Bercorcates
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Vellates
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Onobrisates
Language influencing or influenced by another through contact
contentious cases are the Vasconic substratum theory and Old European hydronymy, which hypothesize large families of substrate languages across western Europe
Stratum_(linguistics)
Ancient people of the central Pyrenees
Aquitani, whom Caesar distinguished from the Gauls as closer in appearance, language and customs to the peoples of Spain. Many of the divine, place and personal
Convenae
Ancient people of Aquitania
devoted'). Theo Vennemann argues instead that the word is Aquitanian (Vasconic), since Caesar ascribes it to the local people, and that the first element
Sotiates
Ancient people of Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Sibuzates
Inhabitants of the civitas of Iluro in Roman Aquitania
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Iluronenses
Hypothesis about the history of Germanic languages
other Indo-European languages, which is consistent with Wiik's hypothesis.[citation needed] Theo Vennemann put forth the Vasconic substrate hypothesis
Germanic_substrate_hypothesis
Disputed Pre-Indo-European Language Family
and settlements in a language that he called "Vasconic". He considered some toponyms on the Atlantic coast to be neither Vasconic nor Indo-European, but
Atlantic_(Semitic)_languages
German historical linguist (born 1937)
prehistoric language contact played a major role in shaping western and northern European languages. In addition to a proposed Vasconic substratum, he
Theo_Vennemann
Roman town in the central Pyrenees, capital of the Convenae
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Lugdunum_Convenarum
Ancient Aquitani tribe
however, classed the peoples south of the Garonne as Aquitani, distinct in language and institutions from the Gauls. During the Gallic Wars, after storming
Vasates_(tribe)
Ancient Aquitanian people
v t e Vasco-Aquitanian peoples Culture Vasconic languages (Aquitanian, Proto-Basque) Peoples Aquitanian Aquenses Auscii Basaboiates Belendi Bercorcates
Oscidates
western European languages contain remnants of an even older language family of "Vasconic languages", of which Basque is the only surviving member. This proposal
Scottish_island_names
Vasconic archaeological artifact from 1st century BC
century BC. At the time, during the period of Sertorian Wars, the native Vasconic population took sides and the settlement came under attack, extending the
Hand_of_Irulegi
Medieval kingdom around the Pyrenees
(Latin: Pompaelo; Basque: Iruña), had been the main city of the indigenous Vasconic population and was located in a predominantly Basque-speaking area. In
Kingdom_of_Navarre
Nationalist movement
nation, with their own history and culture. This nation consists of race, language and an own political system (the foruak). The liberty of Euzkadi [term
Basque_nationalism
Oldest reconstructed stratum of European hydronymy
Pan-Illyrian theories Pre-Celtic Rigvedic rivers Tyrsenian languages Urnfield culture Vasconic substrate hypothesis "Old European" in this sense is not
Old_European_hydronymy
Term for a hypothetical homogeneous pre-Indo-European culture
of study. Suggestions of possible Old European languages include Urbian by Sorin Paliga, and the Vasconic substratum hypothesis of Theo Vennemann (also
Old_Europe_(archaeology)
Andriarriaga located in Oiartzun bears witness to a mixture of Roman and Vasconic tradition in the local aristocracy during the Antiquity. García, one of
Basque_surnames
Former province in southwestern France (1453–1789)
uprisings against tax exaction and feudalization, largely associated to Vasconic unrest. Old historical literature[example needed] sometimes[when?] claims
Gascony
Autonomous community and province of Spain
Coromines considers naba to be linguistically part of a wider Vasconic or Aquitanian language substrate, rather than Basque per se. The official name in
Navarre
Municipality in Euskadi, Spain
Spain. It lies on the foundations of the ancient Oiasso, cited as a Roman-Vasconic town. During the Spanish Civil War, the city was site of the 1936 Battle
Irun
Era of pre-history prior to copper & bronze ages in each region
since Basque is a language isolate, there is no comparative evidence to build upon. Theo Vennemann nevertheless postulates a "Vasconic" family, which he
Neolithic_Europe
American linguist
Corinna Leschber) Notes on Euskaro-Caucasian (Vasconic) Substratum in western Indo-European Languages. Wékʷos. Revue d' études Indo-européennes 5: 11-50
John_Bengtson
River in Austria
it to Upper Danubian Vasconic *an, "water." Another possible link is Greek ᾰ̓νῠστός (anystos, "useful"). The West Slavic languages have different names
Enns_(river)
Municipality in Basque Country, Spain
settlement of Gasteiz. The existence of Gastehiz, apparently inhabited by Vasconic people, can be traced back to the Middle Ages; it is certain that by the
Vitoria-Gasteiz
that Krahe dismissed, but was later reiterated by Theo Vennemann in his Vasconic substrate hypothesis. The Pan-Illyrian hypothesis began with archaeological
Pan-Illyrian_hypotheses
lasted until the 15th century. The Christian poet Prudentius praises the Vasconic town of Calahorra in his Peristephanon (early 5th century), referring to
History_of_the_Basques
Municipality in Castilla–La Mancha, Spain
3138 inhabitants. The placename is either suggested to be a hydronym of Vasconic origin (from Erraka, 'creek') or derived from Arabic Rakab, via archaic
Recas
Town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Theo (2006). "«A SATISFACTORY ETYMOLOGY HAS LONG BEEN AVAILABLE» NOTES ON VASCONIC NAMES OUTSIDE THE BASQUE COUNTRY WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO SOME BRITISH
Düren
Greek adjective used in the Lord's Prayer
tägliches Brot. But in all languages that traditionally Eastern Christians use—Greek, Slavonic, and all the Arabic languages: Aramaic, Arabic—it doesn't
Epiousion
Kingdom in the Northern Iberian Peninsula (718–924)
(minority speakers of Gothic and Vandalic) As well as Possible dialects of Vasconic Religion Catholic Christianity (official) Government Absolute elective
Kingdom_of_Asturias
Indo-European), a "Vasconic" substrate ancestral to the modern Basque language, or a more widespread presence of early Finno-Ugric languages in northern Europe
Prehistoric_Europe
Aragon". ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies. 4 (4): 149–154. ISSN 1857-8187. Archived from the
List of wars involving ancient and medieval Spain
List_of_wars_involving_ancient_and_medieval_Spain
Medieval domain
Prehistory and Roman Empire Origin of the Basques Vasconic substratum theory Proto-Basque language Basque mythology Vascones Early Middle Ages Duchy of
County_of_Vasconia_Citerior
Medieval Christian military campaigns
emphasizing the distinct, autochthonous nature of the Cantabro-Asturian and Vasconic domains with no continuation to the Gothic Kingdom of Toledo. Pelagius's
Reconquista
Figure type in various religions
another, the phrase taevaisa remains in common use in Estonia. Urcia Basque Vasconic The Liber Sancti Iacobi by Aymericus Picaudus tells that the Basques called
Sky_father
Ancient history of the Basque people
are the only Western Europeans that speak a non-Indo-European language - the Basque language - without having any known contemporary European ethnic or linguistic
Basque_prehistory
or Noric (unknown type). P-Celtic type languages are more innovative (*kʷ > p) while Q-Celtic type languages are more conservative. However, it is not
List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes
List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes
Municipality in Agder, Norway
"valley of the eagle". A link for the name also has been theorized to the Vasconic substrate hypothesis, for similarity to placenames like Val d'Aran and
Arendal
Lordship in the Iberian Peninsula between c.1040 and 1876
Prehistory and Roman Empire Origin of the Basques Vasconic substratum theory Proto-Basque language Basque mythology Vascones Early Middle Ages Duchy of
Lordship_of_Biscay
Region of Gascony, located in France
historical flag but added the hammer and the sickle and also is writen in vasconic letters "Gaskoinia" (Gascony in basque), to remember the ethnical brotherhood
Flag_of_Gascony
various studies have suggested the hypothesis that some of the names have Vasconic-Aquitanian onomastic origins, such as ENNEGES or ARRANES ARBISCAR F. It
Bronze_of_Ascoli
River in Germany
is, however, hotly disputed in language circles. Theo Vennemann used a modified version of Krahe's model in his Vasconic substratum theory. The Aller rises
Aller_(Germany)
Scottish island group
Edgar who was King of Scots at the time. In support of the controversial Vasconic substratum hypothesis, Theo Vennemann notes the recurrence of the element
Islands_of_the_Clyde
Law of General Education allowed regional languages to be taught in primary schools. While teaching languages like Basque were not officially encouraged
Women in the Basque Nationalist Party in Francoist Spain
Women_in_the_Basque_Nationalist_Party_in_Francoist_Spain
Republican Spanish legal document
Prehistory and Roman Empire Origin of the Basques Vasconic substratum theory Proto-Basque language Basque mythology Vascones Early Middle Ages Duchy of
Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country of 1936
Statute_of_Autonomy_of_the_Basque_Country_of_1936
impacting Basques, Catalans and others. National flags were prohibited. All languages by Spanish were banned. Basque cultural symbols were replaced by those
Women_in_ETA
VASCONIC LANGUAGES
VASCONIC LANGUAGES
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and German
English, French, and German : from the vernacular form of the Hebrew personal name Yehuda ‘Judah’ (of unknown meaning). In the Bible, this is the name of Jacob’s eldest son. It was not a popular name among Christians in medieval Europe, because of the associations it had with Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Christ for thirty pieces of silver. Among Jews, however, the Hebrew name and its reflexes in various Jewish languages (such as Yiddish Yude) have been popular for generations, and have given rise to many Jewish surnames.French : name for a Jew, Old French jude (Latin Iudaeus, Greek Ioudaios, from Hebrew Yehudi ‘member of the tribe of Judah’).English : from a pet form of Jordan.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German : from a short form of the personal name Matthias (see Matthew) or any of its many cognates, for example Norman French Maheu.English, French, Dutch, and German : from a nickname or personal name taken from the month of May (Middle English, Old French mai, Middle High German meie, from Latin Maius (mensis), from Maia, a minor Roman goddess of fertility). This name was sometimes bestowed on someone born or baptized in the month of May; it was also used to refer to someone of a sunny disposition, or who had some anecdotal connection with the month of May, such as owing a feudal obligation then.English : nickname from Middle English may ‘young man or woman’.Irish (Connacht and Midlands) : when not of English origin (see 1–3 above), this is an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Miadhaigh ‘descendant of Miadhach’, a personal name or byname meaning ‘honorable’, ‘proud’.French : habitational name from any of various places called May or Le May.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name from Mayen, a place in western Germany.Americanized spelling of cognates of 1 in various European languages, for example Swedish Ma(i)j.Chinese : possibly a variant of Mei 1, although this spelling occurs more often for the given name than for the surname.Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware Bay, is named after the Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen May.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : status name or occupational name from Middle English, Old French maresc(h)al ‘marshal’. The term is of Germanic origin (compare Old High German marah ‘horse’, ‘mare’ + scalc ‘servant’). Originally it denoted a man who looked after horses, but by the heyday of medieval surname formation it denoted on the one hand one of the most important servants in a great household (in the royal household a high official of state, one with military responsibilities), and on the other a humble shoeing smith or farrier. It was also an occupational name for a medieval court officer responsible for the custody of prisoners. An even wider range of meanings is found in some other languages: compare for example Polish Marszałek (see Marszalek). The surname is also borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.As the fourth chief justice of the U.S., John Marshall (1755–1835) was the principal architect in consolidating and defining the powers of the Supreme Court. He was a descendant of John Marshall of Ireland, who settled in Culpeper Co., VA, sometime before 1655.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from a Germanic personal name composed of
the elements haim, heim ‘home’ + rīc ‘power’,
‘ruler’, introduced to England by the Normans in the form
Henri. During the Middle Ages this name became enormously
popular in England and was borne by eight kings. Continental forms of
the personal name were equally popular throughout Europe (German
Heinrich, French Henri, Italian Enrico and
Arrigo, Czech Jindřich, etc.). As an American family
name, the English form Henry has absorbed patronymics and many
other derivatives of this ancient name in continental European
languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.) In the period in
which the majority of English surnames were formed, a common English
vernacular form of the name was Harry, hence the surnames
Harris (southern) and Harrison (northern). Official
documents of the period normally used the Latinized form
Henricus. In medieval times, English Henry absorbed an
originally distinct Old English personal name that had hagan
‘hawthorn’. Compare Hain 2 as its first element, and there has
also been confusion with Amery.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hInnéirghe ‘descendant of
Innéirghe’, a byname based on éirghe
‘arising’.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac ÉinrÃ
or Mac Einri, patronymics from the personal names
ÉinrÃ, Einri, Irish forms of Henry. It is
also found as a variant of McEnery.Jewish (American) : Americanized form of various like-sounding Ashkenazic Jewish names.A bearer of the name from the Touraine region of France is
documented in Quebec city in 1667. Another (also called
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a personal name that was popular throughout Christendom in the Middle Ages. The Greek original, Grēgorios, is a derivative of grēgorein ‘to be awake’, ‘to be watchful’. However, the Latin form, Gregorius, came to be associated by folk etymology with grex, gregis, ‘flock’, ‘herd’, under the influence of the Christian image of the good shepherd. The Greek name was borne in the early Christian centuries by two fathers of the Orthodox Church, St. Gregory Nazianzene (c. 325–390) and St. Gregory of Nyssa (c. 331–395), and later by sixteen popes, starting with Gregory the Great (c. 540–604). It was also the name of 3rd- and 4th-century apostles of Armenia. In North America the English form of the name has absorbed many cognates from other European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).
Surname or Lastname
English, Welsh, German, etc.
English, Welsh, German, etc. : ultimately from the Hebrew personal name yÅÌ£hÄnÄn ‘Jehovah has favored (me with a son)’ or ‘may Jehovah favor (this child)’. This personal name was adopted into Latin (via Greek) as Johannes, and has enjoyed enormous popularity in Europe throughout the Christian era, being given in honor of St. John the Baptist, precursor of Christ, and of St. John the Evangelist, author of the fourth gospel, as well as others of the nearly one thousand other Christian saints of the name. Some of the principal forms of the personal name in other European languages are Welsh Ieuan, Evan, Siôn, and Ioan; Scottish Ia(i)n; Irish Séan; German Johann, Johannes, Hans; Dutch Jan; French Jean; Italian Giovanni, Gianni, Ianni; Spanish Juan; Portuguese João; Greek IÅannÄ“s (vernacular Yannis); Czech Jan; Russian Ivan. Polish has surnames both from the western Slavic form Jan and from the eastern Slavic form Iwan. There were a number of different forms of the name in Middle English, including Jan(e), a male name (see Jane); Jen (see Jenkin); Jon(e) (see Jones); and Han(n) (see Hann). There were also various Middle English feminine versions of this name (e.g. Joan, Jehan), and some of these were indistinguishable from masculine forms. The distinction on grounds of gender between John and Joan was not firmly established in English until the 17th century. It was even later that Jean and Jane were specialized as specifically feminine names in English; bearers of these surnames and their derivatives are more likely to derive them from a male ancestor than a female. As a surname in the British Isles, John is particularly frequent in Wales, where it is a late formation representing Welsh Siôn rather than the older form Ieuan (which gave rise to the surname Evan). As an American family name this form has absorbed various cognates from continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from the Middle English personal name Ma(t)thew, vernacular form of the Greek New Testament name Matthias, Matthaios, which is ultimately from the Hebrew personal name Matityahu ‘gift of God’. This was taken into Latin as Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus respectively, the former being used for the twelfth apostle (who replaced Judas Iscariot) and the latter for the author of the first Gospel. In many European languages this distinction is reflected in different surname forms. The commonest vernacular forms of the personal name, including English Matthew, Old French Matheu, Spanish Mateo, Italian Matteo, Portuguese Mateus, Catalan and Occitan Mateu are generally derived from the form Matthaeus. The American surname Matthew has also absorbed European cognates from other languages, including Greek Mathias and Mattheos.It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the U.S. is used as a family name among families from southern India.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English : habitational name from Ludwick Hall in Bishops Hatfield, Hertfordshire, probably named from the Old English personal name Luda + Old English wÄ«c ‘outlying (dairy) farm’.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc.
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc. : from the Latin personal name Lucas (Greek Loukas) ‘man from Lucania’. Lucania is a region of southern Italy thought to have been named in ancient times with a word meaning ‘bright’ or ‘shining’. Compare Lucio. The Christian name owed its enormous popularity throughout Europe in the Middle Ages to St. Luke the Evangelist, hence the development of this surname and many vernacular derivatives in most of the languages of Europe. Compare Luke. This is also found as an Americanized form of Greek Loukas.Scottish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Lùcais (see McLucas).As a French name Lucas has been recorded in Canada since 1653, taken to Trois Rivières, Quebec, by one Lucas-Lépine from Normandy.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Matthew. In North America, this form has assimilated numerous vernacular derivatives in other languages of Latin Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus.Irish (Ulster and County Louth) : used as an Americanized form of McMahon.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : patronymic from the personal name John. As an American family name, Johnson has absorbed patronymics and many other derivatives of this name in continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)Johnson is the second most frequent surname in the U.S. It was brought independently to North America by many different bearers from the 17th and 18th centuries onward.
Surname or Lastname
English and French (Léonard)
English and French (Léonard) : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements leo ‘lion’ (a late addition to the vocabulary of Germanic name elements, taken from Latin) + hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’, which was taken to England by the Normans. A saint of this name, who is supposed to have lived in the 6th century, but about whom nothing is known except for a largely fictional life dating from half a millennium later, was popular throughout Europe in the early Middle Ages and was regarded as the patron of peasants and horses.Irish (Fermanagh) : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Mac Giolla Fhionáin or of Langan.Americanized form of Italian Leonardo or cognate forms in other European languages.The French Léonard family were at Château Richer, Quebec, by 1698, having come from Maine, France.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás)
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás) : from a medieval personal name, which comes from the Hebrew male personal name Yona, meaning ‘dove’. In the book of the Bible which bears his name, Jonah was appointed by God to preach repentance to the city of Nineveh, but tried to flee instead to Tarshish. On the voyage to Tarshish, a great storm blew up, and Jonah was thrown overboard by his shipmates to appease God’s wrath, swallowed by a great fish, and delivered by it on the shores of Nineveh. This story exercised a powerful hold on the popular imagination in medieval Europe, and the personal name was a relatively common choice. The Hebrew name and its reflexes in other languages (for example Yiddish Yoyne) have been popular Jewish personal names for generations. There are also saints, martyrs, and bishops called Jonas venerated in the Orthodox Church. Ionas is found as a Greek family name.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : respelling of Yonis, with Yiddish possessive -s.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Jacob. As an American surname this name has absorbed cognates from other languages, for example Danish, Norwegian, and Dutch Jacobsen and Swedish Jacobsson.
Surname or Lastname
English and Welsh
English and Welsh : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Jon(e) (see John). The surname is especially common in Wales and southern central England. In North America this name has absorbed various cognate and like-sounding surnames from other languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the female personal name Elizabeth. Compare Hibbs 2.English : nickname for someone with very fair hair or skin, from Middle English, Old English lilie ‘lily’ (Latin lilium). The Italian equivalent Giglio was used as a personal name in the Middle Ages. In English and other languages there has also been some confusion with forms of Giles.English : habitational name from places called Lilley, in Hertfordshire and Berkshire. The Hertfordshire place was named in Old English as ‘flax-glade’, from līn ‘flax’ + lēah ‘woodland clearing’. The Berkshire name is from Old English Lillinglēah ‘wood associated with Lilla’, an Old English personal name.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and northern Irish
English, Scottish, and northern Irish : patronymic from Jack 1. As an American surname this has absorbed other patronymics beginning with J- in various European languages.This extremely common British name was brought over by numerous different bearers in the 17th and 18th centuries. One forebear was the father and namesake of the seventh U.S. president, Andrew Jackson, who migrated to SC from Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland in 1765. The Confederate General Thomas ‘Stonewall’ Jackson came from VA, where his great-grandfather John, likewise of Scotch–Irish stock, had settled after emigrating to America in 1748.
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from Latin Marcus, the personal name of St. Mark the Evangelist, author of the second Gospel. The name was borne also by a number of other early Christian saints. Marcus was an old Roman name, of uncertain (possibly non-Italic) etymology; it may have some connection with the name of the war god Mars. Compare Martin. The personal name was not as popular in England in the Middle Ages as it was on the Continent, especially in Italy, where the evangelist became the patron of Venice and the Venetian Republic, and was allegedly buried at Aquileia. As an American family name, this has absorbed cognate and similar names from other European languages, including Greek Markos and Slavic Marek.English, German, and Dutch (van der Mark) : topographic name for someone who lived on a boundary between two districts, from Middle English merke, Middle High German marc, Middle Dutch marke, merke, all meaning ‘borderland’. The German term also denotes an area of fenced-off land (see Marker 5) and, like the English word, is embodied in various place names which have given rise to habitational names.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Marck, Pas-de-Calais.German : from Marko, a short form of any of the Germanic compound personal names formed with mark ‘borderland’ as the first element, for example Markwardt.Americanization or shortened form of any of several like-sounding Jewish or Slavic surnames (see for example Markow, Markowitz, Markovich).Irish (northeastern Ulster) : probably a short form of Markey (when not of English origin).
Surname or Lastname
Scottish (of Norman origin)
Scottish (of Norman origin) : habitational name from any of various places in northern France named with Old Norse hagi ‘enclosure’, a word with cognates in most Germanic languages. Compare Hay.English : variant spelling of Haigh.Irish (County Cavan) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Thaidhg (see McCaig).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the male personal name Manasseh, Hebrew Menashe ‘one who causes to forget’ (see Manasse), borne in the Middle Ages by Christians as well as by Jews. Hebrew Menashe and its reflexes in other Jewish languages have always been popular among Jews.English : occupational name for someone who made handles for agricultural and domestic implements, from an agent derivative of Anglo-Norman French mance ‘handle’ (Old French manche, Late Latin manicus, a derivative of manus ‘hand’).
VASCONIC LANGUAGES
VASCONIC LANGUAGES
Boy/Male
Tamil
Atom
Girl/Female
Irish
caol â€slender†and fionn â€white, fair, pure.†Several saints were Caoilainn and one was described as “a pious lady who quickly won the esteem and affection of her sister nuns by her exactness to every duty, as also by her sweet temper, gentle, confiding disposition and unaffected piety.â€
Girl/Female
Muslim
Glittering, Sparkling
Boy/Male
Arabic
Fortunate; Prosperous
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Insight
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a huntsman, or rather a nickname for an exceptionally skilled huntsman, from Middle English chase ‘hunt’ (Old French chasse, from chasser ‘to hunt’, Latin captare).Southern French : topographic name for someone who lived in or by a house, probably the occupier of the most distinguished house in the village, from a southern derivative of Latin casa ‘hut’, ‘cottage’, ‘cabin’.Thomas Chase came to MA from Chesham, Buckinghamshire, England, in the 1640s, and had many prominent descendants. Samuel Chase, born in Somerset Co., MD, in 1741, was one of the first members of the U.S. Supreme Court; Philander Chase, born in Cornish, NH, in 1741 was a prominent Episcopal clergyman, and his nephew Salmon Portland Chase (1808–73), also born in Cornish, was governor of OH, a U.S. senator, and secretary of the U.S. Treasury during the Civil War.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Nachuwm, NAHUM means "comfort." In the bible, this is the name of a minor prophet who foretold the fall of Nineveh.
Boy/Male
Indian, Malayalam
Momentary
Boy/Male
Arabic
Fortunate; Prosperous
Girl/Female
Latin
Without conceit; modest.
VASCONIC LANGUAGES
VASCONIC LANGUAGES
VASCONIC LANGUAGES
VASCONIC LANGUAGES
VASCONIC LANGUAGES
n.
Same as Tsetse. U () the twenty-first letter of the English alphabet, is a cursive form of the letter V, with which it was formerly used interchangeably, both letters being then used both as vowels and consonants. U and V are now, however, differentiated, U being used only as a vowel or semivowel, and V only as a consonant. The true primary vowel sound of U, in Anglo-Saxon, was the sound which it still retains in most of the languages of Europe, that of long oo, as in tool, and short oo, as in wood, answering to the French ou in tour. Etymologically U is most closely related to o, y (vowel), w, and v; as in two, duet, dyad, twice; top, tuft; sop, sup; auspice, aviary. See V, also O and Y.
n.
A vigorous, brief manner of expression; laconic style.
a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a telegram; laconic; concise; brief.
a.
Expressing much in few words, after the manner of the Laconians or Spartans; brief and pithy; brusque; epigrammatic. In this sense laconic is the usual form.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or designating, an extensive family of languages of simple structure and low grade (called also Altaic, Ural-Altaic, and Scythian), spoken in the northern parts of Europe and Asia and Central Asia; of pertaining to, or designating, the people who speak these languages.
v. t.
A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which members of a secret association recognize or greet, one another; as, a masonic grip.
a.
Of or pertaining to Freemasons or to their craft or mysteries.
a.
Of or pertaining to the Urals and the Altai; as the Ural-Altaic, or Turanian, languages.
a.
Curt; brief; laconic.
n.
The meeting room of an association; hence, the regularly constituted body of members which meets there; as, a masonic lodge.
n.
Any person (clergyman or layman) chosen to conduct religious exercises for a society, etc.; as, a chaplain of a Masonic or a temperance lodge.
n.
An ornament, as a brooch or badge, fastened to the clothing by a pin; as, a Masonic pin.
n.
An instance of laconic style or expression.
a.
Alt. of Laconical
a.
Designating, or pertaining to, the series of rocks forming the Taconic mountains in Western New England. They were once supposed to be older than the Cambrian, but later proved to belong to the Lower Silurian and Cambrian.
v. t.
To protect from the intrusion of the uninitiated; as, to tile a Masonic lodge.
n.
The mallet of the presiding officer in a legislative body, public assembly, court, masonic body, etc.
n.
Laconism.
a.
See Laconic, a.
adv.
In a laconic manner.