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The Vilna Group was a circle of Jewish Social-Democrats which met secretly in the city of Vilna, then part of the Russian empire (now Vilnius in Lithuania)
Vilna_Group
Polish-Lithuanian rabbi and Talmudist (1720–1797)
also known as the Vilna Gaon (Yiddish: דער װילנער גאון Der Vilner Goen; Polish: Gaon z Wilna, Gaon Wileński; or Elijah of Vilna; Sialiec, Polish–Lithuanian
Vilna_Gaon
Topics referred to by the same term
Empire Vilna, Alberta, a village in Canada Vilna Gaon, rabbi, Talmud scholar, and Kabbalist Vilna Troupe, a Yiddish theatrical company Vilna Group, a circle
Vilna_(disambiguation)
Ghetto for Jews in Lithuania in World War II
The Vilna Ghetto was a World War II Jewish ghetto established and operated by Nazi Germany in the city of Vilnius in the modern country of Lithuania,
Vilna_Ghetto
Russian Bundist politician (1865–1935)
Švenčionys in Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire (in present-day Lithuania), into a religious maskilic family. At age 12 he moved to Vilna, where he attended
Arkadi_Kremer
(Yiddish: יונג-ווילנע, Young Vilna) was a Yiddish literary collective active in Vilna (now Vilnius, Lithuania) in the 1930s. The group's unofficial beginnings
Yung-Vilne
Jewish resistance organisation in Vilna Ghetto during World War II
its Yiddish initials) was a Jewish resistance organization based in the Vilna Ghetto in German-occupied Lithuania and founded on 21 January 1942. The
Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye
Fareynikte_Partizaner_Organizatsye
Russian revolutionary socialist (1867–1943)
she returned to Vilna, where she became a leading member and organizer of the Jewish Social-Democratic circle known as the 'Vilna Group', together with
Pati_Kremer
The Vilna Rabbinical School and Teachers' Seminary was a controversial Russian state-sponsored institution to train Jewish teachers and rabbis, located
Vilna Rabbinical School and Teachers' Seminary
Vilna_Rabbinical_School_and_Teachers'_Seminary
Polish Jewish partisan leader during World War II
to Vilna (Vilnius). Vilna had been under Polish control up until October 10 when it was absorbed into Lithuania. By being in neutral Lithuania, Vilna served
Vitka_Kempner
Capital and largest city of Lithuania
include Latin: Vilna, Polish: Wilno (Polish: [vil.nɔ] ), Belarusian: Вiльня (Vilnia), German: Wilna (German: [ˈvɪlna] ), Latvian: Viļņa, Ukrainian: Вільно
Vilnius
Former Orthodox synagogue in Vilnius, Lithuania
The Great Synagogue, officially, the Great City Synagogue in Vilna, also the Great Synagogue of Vilnius, is a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and
Great_Synagogue_of_Vilna
(called Vilna or Vilne by its Jewish inhabitants, and one of the most historically significant centers of Yiddish cultural activity), the group “Yung-Vilne”
Yiddish_literature
Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany
briefly before their inhabitants were executed. A few large ghettos such as Vilna, Kovno, Riga, Białystok, and Lwów lasted into 1943 because they became centers
The_Holocaust
Disciples of the Vilna Gaon
Pharisees. Influenced by the Vilna Gaon, who had wanted to go to the Land of Israel but was unable to do so, a large group of his perushim disciples and
Perushim
Jewish nationalist organization
cities. There was a Hachshara in New Jersey, and a Camp Moshava The Vilna group was established in 1922. Hashomer Hatzair: "The Young Guard", a Labor
Zionist_youth_movement
1919 battle between Polish and Soviet forces
The Vilna offensive was a campaign of the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1920. The Polish Army launched an offensive on April 16, 1919, to take Vilnius from
Vilna_offensive
Belarusian-Israeli poet
Holocaust." Abraham (Avrom) Sutzkever was born on July 15, 1913, in Smorgon, Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire, now Smarhon, Belarus. During World War I, his
Abraham_Sutzkever
Ashkenazi Jewish ethnic subgroup
Lithuanian city than the Vilna Gaon (in Yiddish, "the genius of Vilna"), Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon Zalman (1720–1797). He helped make Vilna (modern-day Vilnius)
Litvaks
American actor
theatre actor. He was a member of the Vilna Troupe and appeared in several comedic films in the United States. Born in Vilna, in the Russian Empire (today Vilnius
Alexander_Asro
Polish Jewish World War II resistance fighter (1922–2004)
resistance, carrying messages, money and arms to resistance groups, between the ghettos of Vilna, Grodno, Lida, and Białystok. She adopted the name of a Polish
Bela_Yaari_Hazan
Jewish resistance fighter (1907–1943)
commander of the Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye (FPO), a resistance group in the Vilna Ghetto which was preparing an uprising should the final moments of
Yitzhak_Wittenberg
Orthodox synagogue in Vilnius, Lithuania
community headquarters was temporarily closed due to threats from right-wing groups. The decision coincided with a rise in antisemitic rhetoric related to public
Choral_Synagogue_(Vilnius)
Historic landmark synagogue in Boston
The Vilna Shul was an Orthodox Jewish synagogue located at 18 Phillips Street, on the north slope of Beacon Hill, in Boston, Massachusetts, in the United
Vilna_Shul
Group of Jewish collaborators with the Nazis in the Warsaw Ghetto
head of the Judenrat of the Łódź Ghetto Jacob Gens, Jewish head of the Vilna Ghetto Ans van Dijk, Dutch Jewish Nazi collaborationist Moshe Merin, Jewish
Group_13
20th-century Jewish resistance leader in the Holocaust
(1913 – 7 October 1943) was a Lithuanian-Jewish resistance leader in the Vilna Ghetto. A member of the Revisionist Zionism movement prior to the German
Josef_Glazman
19th-century Lithuanian rabbi, student of the Vilna Gaon
the Vilna Gaon. His father's name was Shlomo Zalman. According to family tradition, he was the central figure in the Aliyah to Israel of the Vilna Gaon's
Benjamin_Rivlin
based in Vilna. The party had a Menshevik-Internationalist line. The party was led by S. Girinis. The party emerged as a local group in Vilna of the Russian
Social Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania and Belorussia (internationalists)
Social_Democratic_Labour_Party_of_Lithuania_and_Belorussia_(internationalists)
Yeshiva founded in Ponevez, Lithuania
Topics The Holocaust Vilna Ghetto Kaunas Ghetto Paneriai massacre Jewish partisans History Timeline Khmelnytsky Uprising Vilna Gaon Groups Denominations Karaite
Ponevezh_Yeshiva
music, dance, horse riding and fencing. There was also an amateur theater group in the Institute, which staged plays in Russian and French. The teaching
Institute for Nobles in Vilnius
Institute_for_Nobles_in_Vilnius
Museum in Vilnius, Lithuania
(Lithuanian: Senienų muziejus, Polish: Muzeum Starożytności) in Vilnius (Vilna, Wilno) was a museum of archaeology and history established by Count Eustachy
Museum of Antiquities in Vilnius
Museum_of_Antiquities_in_Vilnius
1940s resistance organisation in Vilna
The Paper Brigade was the name given to a group of residents of the Vilna Ghetto who hid a large cache of Jewish cultural items from YIVO (the Yiddish
Paper_Brigade
Soviet revolutionary, journalist and trade unionist (1882–1961)
journalist and trade unionist. He was a leading figure in the labour movement in Vilna (Vilnius) in the 1910s, adhering to a Menshevik-Internationalist line. He
Sergey_Girinis
Jewish ghetto in Kaunas, German-occupied Lithuania during World War II
resistance groups in the ghetto. Under this organization's direction, some 300 ghetto fighters escaped from the Kovno ghetto to join Jewish partisan groups. About
Kovno_Ghetto
Synagogue in Philadelphia
The Vilna Congregation (Hebrew: בית הכנסת אנשי ווילנה) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in the Society Hill section of Center
Vilna_Congregation
Yeshiva school in Second Polish Republic
1921, this time to Vilna, a bustling city in Lithuania with a large Jewish population, where they remained for five years. In Vilna, the action of the
Yeshivas Knesses Beis Yitzchak-Kaminetz
Yeshivas_Knesses_Beis_Yitzchak-Kaminetz
Karaite synagogue in Vilnius, Lithuania
Topics The Holocaust Vilna Ghetto Kaunas Ghetto Paneriai massacre Jewish partisans History Timeline Khmelnytsky Uprising Vilna Gaon Groups Denominations Karaite
Vilnius_Kenesa
Yiddish language daily newspaper
'The Communist') was a Yiddish language daily newspaper published from Vilna (Vilnius) between December 26, 1918, and April 3, 1919. It was an organ
Der_Komunist_(Vilna)
Lithuanian poet and partisan
imprisoned in the Weiße Wache concentration camp and later transferred to the Vilna Ghetto. Glick involved himself in the ghetto's artistic community while
Hirsh_Glick
German army general (1892-1955)
military officer and war criminal. He is best known for his retreat from Vilna and the command of the garrison of Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising of
Reiner_Stahel
Prime Minister of Israel (1996–1999; 2009–2021; 2022–present)
a DNA test revealed some Sephardic ancestry. He claims descent from the Vilna Gaon. Netanyahu was the second of three children. He was initially raised
Benjamin_Netanyahu
Jewish school of thought
studying Torah for its own sake. Despite the Vilna Gaon's opposition, the Chassidim have always held the Vilna Gaon in high regard, recognizing his greatness
Misnagdim
source for information on the broader Jewish world during this period. The Vilna Gaon was another figure that encouraged critical reading of text and scientific
Modern_Jewish_historiography
Jewish head of the Vilnius Ghetto (1903–1943)
September 1943) was the head of the Judenrat and Jewish Ghetto Police of the Vilna Ghetto. Originally from a merchant family, he joined the Lithuanian Army
Jacob_Gens
Central text of Rabbinic Judaism
references always refer to the pagination of the Vilna Talmud. The Vilna Edition of the Talmud, printed in Vilna (now Vilnius), Lithuania, is by far the most
Talmud
Yeshiva founded in Lithuania
Szpiro, a son of Rabbi Leibele Kovner. From Trishik he traveled to the study group of Rabbi Yosef Rosin, who was then chief rabbi in Telz. He was already famous
Telshe_Yeshiva
Pre-World War II yeshiva
[citation needed] Later Rabbi Meir Bassin, a member of the Vilna Rabbinate and the rabbi of the Vilna neighborhood of Shnipishok where the yeshiva was, became
Ramailes_Yeshiva
Yeshiva in pre-holocaust Kelmė, Lithuania destroyed by Nazis
established a group that was known as "Devek Tov," comprising his foremost students. He shared a special relationship with the group's members and he
Kelm_Talmud_Torah
Lithuanian-Israeli poet, writer, and partisan leader (1918–1987)
was a Jewish partisan leader, and later Israeli poet and writer. In the Vilna Ghetto, his 1942 manifesto was the first time that a target of the Holocaust
Abba_Kovner
American businessman and media executive (born 1942)
region of Galicia until 1918), and his maternal ancestors came from the Vilna Governorate of the Russian Empire (modern-day Vilnius, Lithuania). Diller
Barry_Diller
Followers of Sabbatai Zevi
association with the Vilna Sabbatean Joshua Heschel Zoref further fueled these suspicions. Critics of Hasidic Judaism, most famously Vilna Gaon expressed concern
Sabbateans
Former yeshiva in Vilijampolė, Lithuania
bombing Minsk, most of the yeshiva moved to Kremenchug, though a small group remained in Minsk under the leadership of Finkel's son, Moshe Finkel. The
Yeshivas Knesses Yisrael (Slabodka)
Yeshivas_Knesses_Yisrael_(Slabodka)
Russian actor (1875–1948)
father was Ivan Shverubovich, a Belarusian Orthodox priest from Vilna. His schoolmates at Vilna Gymnasium included revolutionary Felix Dzerzhinsky and composer
Vasily_Kachalov
Historical region in present-day Lithuania and Belarus
18th century it was annexed by the Russian Empire which established the Vilna Governorate there. As a result of World War I, it was seized by Germany
Vilnius_Region
Anti-Nazi and anti-German fighting groups of Jews in World War II
armed resistance groups in three of them – Vilna, Švenčionys, and Kovno. The Vilna Ghetto was the site of the first Jewish resistance group known as Fareynikte
Jewish_partisans
Israeli rabbi (1880–1949)
movement. In 1913 he came to the United States and developed local Mizrachi groups into a national organisation, chairing the first American Mizrachi convention
Meir_Bar-Ilan
1655 Russia captures the city during the Russo-Polish War
Russia: From Ivan the Terrible to the War in Chechnya. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 37. ISBN 0-275-98502-4. Meilus, Elmantas (2014). "Kaip praradome ir
Battle_of_Vilnius_(1655)
German military officer (1897–1957)
as a staff officer in the German Army to employ and protect Jews in the Vilna Ghetto. At first, Plagge employed Jews who lived inside the ghetto, but
Karl_Plagge
Yiddish writer and poet (1910–1982)
the leading Yiddish writers of the twentieth century. Grade was born in Vilna in the Russian Empire and died in The Bronx, New York. He is buried in Riverside
Chaim_Grade
Polish silent film directed by Zygmunt Turkow
'The Oath') is a partially lost 1924 Polish silent film. Set mainly in Vilna, it revolves around a vow made between two friends—Khaim and Borekh–that
Tkies-kaf_(1924_film)
Russian-born Jewish Zionist activist (1867–1935)
In 1906, Levin was elected to represent the Jewish National List from Vilna in the inaugural Russian Duma. Shortly after the First Duma's dissolution
Shmaryahu_Levin
Stereotype of Jews
intelligence controversy. It asserts that Ashkenazi Jews, who are a sub-group of the Jewish diaspora that coalesced in Central and Eastern Europe, tend
Ashkenazi_Jewish_intelligence
Lithuanian rabbi (1757–1838)
5518 – 9 Sivan 5598) was a close disciple of the Vilna Gaon. Along with some other pupils of the Vilna Gaon, he is credited with having revitalized the
Hillel_Rivlin
Medieval East Baltic tribe
assimilating other neighbouring Baltic tribes, becoming the primary progenitor group of modern Lithuanians. It is believed that ancient Lithuania initially covered
Lithuanians_(tribe)
Yiddish poet, musician, writer and cultural activist
poet, musician, writer and cultural activist. Born to a poor family in Vilna and orphaned at a young age, Kaczerginski was educated at the local Talmud
Shmerke_Kaczerginski
Belarusian-born Israeli haredi rabbi (1878–1953)
period in which he studied in the "kibbutz" of R' Chaim Ozer Grodzinski in Vilna, Avraham Yeshayahu Karelitz did not study in a cheder or yeshiva, and apparently
Avrohom_Yeshaya_Karelitz
Political party
delegates represented 33 groups with 470 members from Kovno Governorate, 16 groups with 200 members from Vilna and surroundings, 10 groups with 95 members from
Communist Party of Lithuania and Byelorussia
Communist_Party_of_Lithuania_and_Byelorussia
Public university in Vilnius, Lithuania
Vilna (Императорскій Виленскій Университетъ). The institution was granted the rights to the administration of all education facilities in the Vilna Educational
Vilnius_University
1903 antisemitic text
Jewish Brotherhoods (1868) and The Book of the Kahal (1869), published in Vilna, that the qahal continued to exist in secret and that its principal aim
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion
Russian composer and army officer (1835–1918)
number of monographs on the subject. Cesarius-Benjaminus Cui was born in Vilna in the Russian Empire (present-day Vilnius, Lithuania) into a Catholic family
César_Cui
Unit of the Polish Army
units of the Prusy Army. Then it became part of the Operational Cavalry Group of General Władysław Anders and tried to break through to Hungary, after
Wilno_Cavalry_Brigade
Eastern European Jews in Germany
Struck, The Actor Kowalsky (Vilna), lithograph from the portfolio Skizzen aus Russland. Ostjuden ("Sketches from Russia: Jews of the East"), c. 1916
Ostjuden
1941–1944 Nazi murders in Vilnius, Lithuania
000 Soviet POWs, most of them from nearby Vilnius, and its newly formed Vilna Ghetto. Lithuania became one of the first locations outside occupied Poland
Ponary_massacre
Yiddish-language periodical published in Vilnius, Lithuania
a Yiddish-language periodical. It began as a Jewish workers journal in Vilna. In December 1896, Vladimir Kossovsky became the editor of the publication
Der_yidisher_arbeyter_(Vilna)
1925 school shooting
Neue Freie Presse (May 7, 1925) Bomb Kills Three Boy Raiders Who Shoot Up Vilna School, The New York Times (May 7, 1925) "Kurjer Poznański 1936.09.26 R
Wilno_school_massacre
Imperial Russian general (1854–1918)
Eastern front of World War I. He also served as the last commander of the Vilna Military District. Rennenkampf gained a reputation as an effective cavalry
Paul_von_Rennenkampf
Ancient tribe mentioned in the Bible
Finally, Rabbi Elijah Kramer of Vilna equates the Kenizzites with the Zemarites, thus aligning them with a specific group in the Holy Land's immediate vicinity
Kenizzite
Lithuanian rabbi (1770–1839)
Jewish Talmudist, one of a group of Talmudical scholars of Shklov, He was among "the last arrivals drawn to Vilna by the Vilna Gaon (1720–1797; Rabbi Elijah
Yisroel_ben_Shmuel_of_Shklov
Kabbalist and author, brother of the Vilna Gaon
as Abraham Ragoler (or Abraham of Ragola) was the brother of Elijah, the Vilna Gaon. He was a Kabbalist and darshan (preacher), and author of the book
Abraham_Ragoler
Former synagogue in Jonava, Lithuania
Topics The Holocaust Vilna Ghetto Kaunas Ghetto Paneriai massacre Jewish partisans History Timeline Khmelnytsky Uprising Vilna Gaon Groups Denominations Karaite
Beit Medrash Hagadol Synagogue
Beit_Medrash_Hagadol_Synagogue
Polish general (1865–1947)
was quickly promoted to general and given the command over an operational group of his name, composed of his 10th division and additional units, mostly
Lucjan_Żeligowski
American mobster
immigrated to the US from Vilna (now Vilnius, Lithuania) around 1892, and both his parents and his uncle and aunt are buried in a Vilna landsmanschaften section
Seymour_Magoon
Soviet secret police operative and assassin (1913–1988)
mother a Russian-Jewish housewife. The Karaites are a very small ethnic group, originating in Crimea and characterized by their observance of a non-Rabbinical
Iosif_Grigulevich
Nazi concentration camp for Jews in Lithuania
1944, the single largest group of Jewish survivors of the Holocaust in Vilnius. After having hired endangered Jews in the Vilna Ghetto to work in his unit's
HKP_562_forced_labor_camp
Orthodox synagogue in Kaunas, Lithuania
Topics The Holocaust Vilna Ghetto Kaunas Ghetto Paneriai massacre Jewish partisans History Timeline Khmelnytsky Uprising Vilna Gaon Groups Denominations Karaite
Kaunas_Synagogue
Violent attack on an ethnic or religious group
incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group. Until the mid-20th century the term usually applied to attacks on Jews
Pogrom
אליהו, גר״א (Gra) - The Gaon Rabbi Eliyahu [ben Shlomo Zalmen]; a.k.a. the Vilna Gaon, the great Talmudical scholar and Halachic decisor of Ashkenazic Jewry
List_of_Hebrew_abbreviations
Lithuanian Jewish resistance member (1922–2024)
librarian, and statistician. During World War II, she was imprisoned in the Vilna Ghetto, later fighting in the ranks of the Jewish resistance and Soviet
Fania_Brancovskaja
group of students of the Vilna Gaon (Perushim), led by Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Shklov, emigrates from Lithuania to Palestine. 1809 – Two more groups
Timeline of Jewish history in Lithuania and Belarus
Timeline_of_Jewish_history_in_Lithuania_and_Belarus
Former synagogue in Joniškis, Lithuania
Topics The Holocaust Vilna Ghetto Kaunas Ghetto Paneriai massacre Jewish partisans History Timeline Khmelnytsky Uprising Vilna Gaon Groups Denominations Karaite
Red_Synagogue_of_Joniškis
Soviet operational offensive
under the code-name Operation Bagration, expelling the Wehrmacht's Army Group Centre from Belarus, and driving towards the Polish border and the Baltic
Vilnius_offensive
Yemenite Jewish scholarly and belief system
ha-Rambam, but many other Orthodox groups, such as the followers of the Vilna Gaon along with many of the non-Hasidic groups, would disagree with this assumption
Dor_Daim
Emperor of Russia from 1801 to 1825
Alexander's reign began, there were three universities in Russia, at Moscow, Vilna (Vilnius), and Dorpat (Tartu). These were strengthened, and three others
Alexander_I_of_Russia
strange and terrible accident has just occurred in the neighbourhood of Vilna, in Russia. "Delicacy and Drowning". Western Daily Press. 9 June 1892. p
List of unusual deaths in the 19th century
List_of_unusual_deaths_in_the_19th_century
Israeli actor (1902–1989)
premiere. On September 4, 1972, the evening before a Palestinian terrorist group infiltrated the Israeli Olympic athletes' quarters during the 1972 Summer
Shmuel_Rodensky
Jewish linguist and journalist (1858–1922)
Eliezer Yitzhak Perlman (later Eliezer Ben-Yehuda) was born in Luzhki in the Vilna Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Vitebsk Oblast, Belarus) to Yehuda
Eliezer_Ben-Yehuda
Lithuanian rabbi and Talmudic scholar (1863–1940)
Grodnenski, was the head of the Beth Din of Vilna (this was the most senior rabbinical position in Vilna). In 1887, after two years of marriage and at
Chaim_Ozer_Grodzinski
Wilenska, Sister Bertranda hid members of the Jewish underground in the Vilna ghetto. The Jews of Warsaw, who prior to the war numbered some half a million
Rescue of Jews by Catholics during the Holocaust
Rescue_of_Jews_by_Catholics_during_the_Holocaust
Yiddish poet and fabulist
tog (Vilna Day) and later in the literary journals and newspapers in the surrounding cities and towns of Poland. When Russia, then occupying Vilna, transferred
Peretz_Miransky
Observance of recitation in religious Judaism
the Arizal's Kabbalist tradition, the Ramchal, most of Hassidism, the Vilna Gaon and Jacob Emden. Hassidism, although incorporating the kabbalistic
Jewish_prayer
travel, tourism, insurance
VILNA GROUP
VILNA GROUP
Female
Scandinavian
 Short form of Scandinavian Vilhelma, VILMA means "will-helmet." Compare with another form of Vilma.
Girl/Female
Australian, German, Italian, Latin
Springtime
Female
English
Short form of English Davina, VINA means "beloved."Â
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Czechoslovakian, Danish, Finnish, German, Russian, Swedish, Teutonic
Will-helmet; Will; Desire and Helmet; Protection; Desire; Helmet; Determined Protector; Form of Wilma; Will Helmet; Protector; Protect
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian, Kannada
Knowledge
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Wise; Intelligent; Learned
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Dedicated
Girl/Female
German
Sweet or pleasant; of the nobility. Noble. From the Old German 'athal' meaning 'noble.
Girl/Female
British, English
House; Home
Girl/Female
German
Sweet; Pleasant; Of the Nobility; Noble; Diminutive of Adeline and Adela
Female
Dutch
, fair, white.
Girl/Female
Dutch, German, Teutonic
Firm Defender; Will-helmet
Girl/Female
Arabic, Russian
Heart; Good Heart
Female
Hungarian
 Feminine form of Hungarian Vilmos, VILMA means "will-helmet." Compare with another form of Vilma.
Girl/Female
German, Indian
Sky; Vine; Flower
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Telugu
Beautiful
Girl/Female
Russian Swedish American Teutonic
Determined protector.
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Firm defender.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Sky
Girl/Female
Danish, Finnish, French, German
Wealth; Grain
VILNA GROUP
VILNA GROUP
VILNA GROUP
VILNA GROUP
VILNA GROUP
VILNA GROUP
VILNA GROUP
travel, tourism, insurance