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Cryptographic technique
Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique which allows visual information (pictures, text, etc.) to be encrypted in such a way that the decrypted
Visual_cryptography
Image comprising exactly two colors, typically black and white
several generalizations of the basic scheme including k-out-of-n visual cryptography, and using opaque sheets but illuminating them by multiple sets of
Binary_image
Batch cryptography Chaotic cryptology Multivariate cryptography Post-quantum cryptography Quantum cryptography Steganography Visual cryptography Japanese
Outline_of_cryptography
Israeli computer scientist (born 1961)
against chosen ciphertext attack and creating non-malleable cryptography, visual cryptography (with Adi Shamir), and suggesting various methods for verifying
Moni_Naor
Method for dividing a secret among multiple parties
remainder theorem Secure multiparty computation Shamir's secret sharing Visual cryptography Shamir, Adi (1 November 1979). "How to share a secret" (PDF). Communications
Secret_sharing
Hiding messages in other messages
Software for embedding hidden data inside a carrier file Visual cryptography – Cryptographic technique Warrant canary – Method of indirect notification
Steganography
Israeli cryptographer (born 1952)
contributions to cryptography include the Shamir secret sharing scheme, the breaking of the Merkle-Hellman knapsack cryptosystem, visual cryptography, and the
Adi_Shamir
Placeholder characters
fictional characters commonly used as placeholders in discussions about cryptographic systems and protocols, and in other science and engineering literature
Alice_and_Bob
Voting system
cast appropriately and that the votes are accurately tallied using visual cryptography. After the voter selects their candidates, a voting machine prints
End-to-end_auditable_voting
Articles related to cryptography include: A5/1 • A5/2 • ABA digital signature guidelines • ABC (stream cipher) • Abraham Sinkov • Acoustic cryptanalysis
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
Algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a
Cipher
American computer scientist
Amitabha; Paul, Sanjoy (July 2010). "Watermarking video content using visual cryptography and scene averaged image". 2010 IEEE International Conference on
Sanjoy_Paul
Form of message tampering
In cryptography and computer security, a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, or on-path attack, is a cyberattack where the attacker secretly relays and possibly
Man-in-the-middle_attack
The tables below compare cryptography libraries that deal with cryptography algorithms and have application programming interface (API) function calls
Comparison of cryptography libraries
Comparison_of_cryptography_libraries
Method of encryption
In cryptography, a transposition cipher (also known as a permutation cipher) is a method of encryption which scrambles the positions of characters (transposition)
Transposition_cipher
Random number generator
This data is then processed with a cryptographic hash function to produce a high-quality seed for a cryptographically-secure pseudorandom number generator
Lavarand
Topics referred to by the same term
semiconductor intellectual property core Hard-core predicate, a concept in cryptography Hard Corps (disambiguation) All pages with titles beginning with Hardcore
Hardcore
Latvian psychedelic artist
Qualia Research Institute (QRI)'s Psychedelic Cryptography contest in 2023. He has also been involved in visual effects work in scientific research, for instance
Symmetric_Vision
Simple type of polyalphabetic encryption system
that he intentionally kept the general method secret, since he was a cryptographical adviser to his friend, Rear-Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort, during the
Vigenère_cipher
Relationship between objects
used that intentionally hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography.[citation needed] References feature in many spheres of human activity
Reference
Software development tool for security
Keyring (cryptography) Public key infrastructure The keytool Command - a key and certificate management utility CERTivity - A multi-platform visual tool for
Java_KeyStore
Any attack based on information gained from the implementation of a computer system
information. These attacks differ from those targeting flaws in the design of cryptographic protocols or algorithms (notwithstanding the fact that cryptanalysis
Side-channel_attack
Automatically generated avatar
An Identicon is a visual representation of a hash value, usually of an IP address, that serves to identify a user of a computer system as an effectively
Identicon
Voting system
earlier, voter-verifiable scheme by David Chaum. It replaces the visual cryptographic encoding the voter's choice in Chaum's scheme by the conceptually
Prêt_à_Voter
Process of reducing correlation within one or more signals
temporal (handling of movement in the lateral geniculate nucleus). In cryptography, decorrelation is used in cipher design (see Decorrelation theory) and
Decorrelation
Software for illustrating cryptographic and cryptanalytic concepts
with C#/.NET/WPF) (abbreviated CT2) uses the concept of visual programming to clarify cryptographic processes. Currently, CT2 contains more than 150 crypto
CrypTool
Test to determine whether a user is human
EUROCRYPT 2003: International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 2656. pp. 294–311
CAPTCHA
Passwordless authentication credential key
Passkey, also known as security key, is a pair of cryptographic keys that is generated by a user's authenticator linked to an account to authenticate
Passkey_(credential)
2025 mobile operating system
June 25, 2025. Retrieved June 25, 2025. "Get ahead with quantum-secure cryptography - WWDC25 - Videos". Apple Developer. Archived from the original on August
IOS_26
Software platform developed by Microsoft
FCL provides the user interface, data access, database connectivity, cryptography, web application development, numeric algorithms, and network communications
.NET_Framework
C++ software library
libcrypto++, and libcryptopp) is a free and open-source C++ class library of cryptographic algorithms and schemes written by Wei Dai. Crypto++ has been widely
Crypto++
prior releases were required to explicitly opt into stronger cryptography – including Visual Studio itself. This increasingly caused programs to be inoperable
.NET Framework version history
.NET_Framework_version_history
Topics referred to by the same term
difluoride, see: 1,1-Difluoroethylene Verifiable Delay Function, in cryptography This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title VDF
VDF
Data proving ownership of a public key
In cryptography, a public-key certificate, also known as a digital certificate or identity certificate, is an electronic document used to prove the valid
Public_key_certificate
Topics referred to by the same term
computation Quantum cryptography, a variety of cryptography employing quantum mechanics or quantum computers Quartz Composer, a node-based visual programming
QC
Smiley – Learn to Program with Visual Basic 6 Michael Halvorson – Microsoft Visual Basic 4 Step by Step Dan Rahmel – Visual Basic .NET Reference Book Clayton
List_of_computer_books
JavaScript runtime environment
networking (DNS, HTTP, TCP, TLS/SSL or UDP), binary data (buffers), cryptography functions, data streams and other core functions. Node.js's modules use
Node.js
Feistel network based block cipher
In cryptography, Camellia is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits. It was jointly developed
Camellia_(cipher)
Encryption standard
combination of hashing, data compression, symmetric-key cryptography, and finally public-key cryptography; each step uses one of several supported algorithms
OpenPGP
Khan Academy Microsoft Copilot Bouncy Castle CrypTool — illustrates cryptographic and cryptanalytic concepts Dance Dance Revolution In The Groove Just
List_of_educational_software
Topics referred to by the same term
the free dictionary. Key, Keys, The Key or The Keys may refer to: Key (cryptography), a piece of information needed to encode or decode a message Key (instrument)
Key
authentication, and non-repudiation are central to modern cryptography. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics
Glossary_of_computer_science
System of rules to convert information into another form or representation
systems to record the matches, e.g. chess notation. In the history of cryptography, codes were once common for ensuring the confidentiality of communications
Code
Educational programs combining academic and technical skills for workforce preparation
algorithm engineering, list of data structures. Cryptography - cryptography algorithms, comparison of cryptography libraries. Mathematical art - mathematical
Career and technical education
Career_and_technical_education
Topics referred to by the same term
heavy metal/punk rock band Shintenchi Kaibyaku Shudan: Zigzag, a japanese visual-kei band ZigZag (magazine), a UK rock music magazine Zig Zag (manga), a
Zigzag_(disambiguation)
Combined real-and-virtual environment
treatments, and data exploration and analysis. Extended reality works by using visual data acquisition that is either accessed locally or shared and transferred
Extended_reality
2017 film by Jake Kasdan
scientific fields such as cartography, archaeology, palaeontology, and cryptography who has a weakness to endurance. Madison Iseman as Bethany in the real
Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle
Jumanji:_Welcome_to_the_Jungle
Web-based whiteboard and diagramming app
via a relay server. Data transmission uses the browser's native Web Cryptography API to achieve end-to-end encryption. A symmetric AES key is generated
Excalidraw
2014 film by Morten Tyldum
boarding school, befriends Christopher Morcom, who sparks his interest in cryptography. Turing develops romantic feelings, but Christopher dies of bovine tuberculosis
The_Imitation_Game
Spreadsheet editor by Microsoft
graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Excel forms part of the Microsoft 365 and
Microsoft_Excel
1992 novel by Neal Stephenson
linguistics, anthropology, archaeology, religion, computer science, politics, cryptography, memetics, and philosophy. Stephenson has said that the title of the
Snow_Crash
Overview of and topical guide to computer science
formal proof methods. Number theory – Theory of the integers. Used in cryptography and as a test domain in artificial intelligence. Algorithms – Sequential
Outline_of_computer_science
Open-source web application framework
Web Tools for Visual Studio 2013". ".net framework product lifecycle". "Announcing .NET Framework 4.6". "Visual Studio 2015 and Visual Studio 2013 Update
ASP.NET
Branch of mathematics that studies the properties of groups
chemistry, and materials science. Group theory is also central to public key cryptography. The early history of group theory dates from the 19th century. One of
Group_theory
Software company
2022). Tailscale with Avery Pennarun and Brad Fitzpatrick. Security Cryptography Whatever. Event occurs at 45m53s. Archived from the original on February
Tailscale
Standard for cryptographic certificates
In cryptography, X.509 is an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standard defining the format of public key certificates. X.509 certificates are
X.509
Block cipher
In cryptography, MISTY1 (or MISTY-1) is a block cipher designed in 1995 by Mitsuru Matsui and others for Mitsubishi Electric. MISTY1 is one of the selected
MISTY1
Form of side channel attack
channel attack in which the attacker studies the power consumption of a cryptographic hardware device. These attacks rely on basic physical properties of
Power_analysis
Cryptographic hash function
LSH is a cryptographic hash function designed in 2014 by South Korea to provide integrity in general-purpose software environments such as PCs and smart
LSH_(hash_function)
Unsolved problem in computer science
a proof either way would have profound implications for mathematics, cryptography, algorithm research, artificial intelligence, game theory, multimedia
P_versus_NP_problem
Computation modulo a fixed integer
applied mathematics, it is used in computer algebra, cryptography, computer science, chemistry and the visual and musical arts. A very practical application
Modular_arithmetic
Former PRC government ministry
and monuments; promoting and protecting the arts (including censorship of visual, folk, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and
Ministry_of_Culture_(China)
of the organisation's Number One, devises a plot to steal a Lektor cryptographic device from the Soviets and sell it back to them while exacting revenge
List_of_James_Bond_films
End-to-end encrypted email service
higher-tier paid plans. Proton Mail uses a combination of public-key cryptography and symmetric encryption protocols to offer end-to-end encryption. When
Proton_Mail
Computer operation which manipulates invidual bits of data
necessary to retain all the existing bits, and is frequently used in digital cryptography.[clarification needed] Rotate through carry is a variant of the rotate
Bitwise_operation
Action only authorized by two or more people
maintain visual contact with each other and with the component(s) that require the no-lone-zone area designation. Such a zone may contain a cryptographic component
Two-person_rule
2026 Android smartphone developed by Google
comes an updated Titan M3 security module, which brings post-quantum cryptography to the existing feature set from prior generations. The Pixel 11 Series
Pixel_11
Warburg and Friedländer opine that the sketches likely reflect an immediate visual experience, because, among other reasons, from a retrospective point-of-view
Cultural depictions of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Cultural_depictions_of_Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
Randomly determined process
telecommunications, chemistry, ecology, neuroscience, physics, and cryptography. It is also used in finance, medicine, linguistics, music, media, colour
Stochastic
American writer (born 1964)
usually take place over a 24-hour period and center on recurring themes of cryptography, art, and conspiracy theories. Brown's books have been translated into
Dan_Brown
Facts provided or learned about something or someone
found applications in other areas, including statistical inference, cryptography, neurobiology, perception, linguistics, the evolution and function of
Information
15th-century codex in an unknown script
or constructed language, an unreadable code, cipher, or other form of cryptography, or perhaps a hoax, reference work (i.e. folkloric index or compendium)
Voynich_manuscript
graphics library for Borland compilers BSAFE — FIPS 140-2 validated cryptography library Chipmunk — 2D real-time rigid body physics engine C POSIX library
List_of_C_software_and_tools
2021 operating system version
introduction of "Expanded Protections for Children," which will apply cryptography to detect and help limit the spread of child pornography, officially
MacOS_Monterey
U.S. signals intelligence organization
in July 1918. World War I ended on November 11, 1918, and the army cryptographic section of Military Intelligence (MI-8) moved to New York City on May
National_Security_Agency
Engineering discipline specializing in the design of computer hardware
used to implement the logic. Computer engineers work in coding, applied cryptography, and information protection to develop new methods for protecting various
Computer_engineering
Topics referred to by the same term
sharing, a cryptographic primitive Video surveillance system, cameras and other systems combined to allow remote video monitoring Visual SourceSafe,
VSS
Cipher method
July 2, 2010 Langen's entry for Chaocipher in his personal memoirs "Cryptography - Confidential" "The Tragic Story of J.F. Byrne". PurpleHunt.com. 1998
Chaocipher
Block cipher
e Cryptography General History of cryptography Outline of cryptography Classical cipher Cryptographic protocol Authentication protocol Cryptographic primitive
KASUMI
Book by William Gibson
Humanities and the Digital Forensics Lab, and Quinn DuPont, a PhD student of cryptography from the University of Toronto, in calling for the aid of cryptographers
Agrippa_(A_Book_of_the_Dead)
Set of tools and programming libraries for the Microsoft .NET Framework
release has also retired the following 3 blocks: Caching Application Block Cryptography Application Block Security Application Block Microsoft Enterprise Library
Microsoft_Enterprise_Library
2007 film by David Fincher
having conversations. It was difficult to imagine how it could be done in a visual way." Fincher and Savides did not want to repeat the look of Seven. The
Zodiac_(film)
2019 war film by Roland Emmerich
Following the Battle of the Coral Sea, Layton, Joseph Rochefort, and his cryptography team intercept Japanese messages about an operation against an objective
Midway_(2019_film)
Musical algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
In cryptography, a music cipher is an algorithm for the encryption of a plaintext into musical symbols or sounds. Music-based ciphers are related to, but
Music_cipher
Global conflict from 1914 to 1918
House; Bonanza. ISBN 978-0-517-46790-9. Grant, R. G. (2005). Battle: A Visual Journey Through 5,000 Years of Combat. DK Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7566-5578-5
World_War_I
Cipher
In cryptography, the Iraqi block cipher was a block cipher published in C source code form by anonymous FTP upload around July 1999, and widely distributed
Iraqi_block_cipher
1995 science fiction film directed by Robert Longo
computer-generated imagery to realize its virtual reality sequences. Three different visual effects teams were employed to create the film's effects. The climatic sequence
Johnny_Mnemonic_(film)
2011 film by Brad Bird
Marius Wistrom: Hendricks's henchman. Ivan Shvedoff as Leonid Lisenker: A cryptography expert coerced by Hendricks. Miraj Grbić as Bogdan: An informant in a
Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol
Mission:_Impossible_–_Ghost_Protocol
Messages within armed forces
The six categories of military comms are: alert measurement systems cryptography military radio systems command and control signal corps network-centric
Military_communications
Computer worm first discovered in 2010
worm was found, thought to be related to Stuxnet. The Laboratory of Cryptography and System Security (CrySyS) of the Budapest University of Technology
Stuxnet
Study of computation
general classes of problems that can be solved using them. The fields of cryptography and computer security involve studying the means for secure communication
Computer_science
2024 Android mobile operating system
and secure sensitive applications under an independent biometric or cryptographic lock layer, hiding their visibility from the primary application drawer
Android_15
2026 Android smartphones developed by Google
comes an updated Titan M3 security module, which brings post-quantum cryptography to the existing feature set from prior generations. The Pixel 11 Series
Pixel_11_Pro
Collection of computer malware discovered in 2011
Stuxnet worm and to have been created by Unit 8200. The Laboratory of Cryptography and System Security (CrySyS Lab) of the Budapest University of Technology
Duqu
Indonesian television channel
contract had to be returned into the local Communication and Informatics, Cryptography, and Statistics Service (Diskominfo). The regent of East Kutai at the
TV_Kutim
2022 operating system version
for JavaScript in Safari. Built-in apps cannot be moved from the cryptographically verified Signed System Volume to another location where they could
MacOS_Ventura
Joining of strings in a programming language
Jonsson, Jakob; Rusch, Aneas (November 2016). "2. Notation". PKCS #1: RSA Cryptography Specifications Version 2.2 (Report). Internet Engineering Task Force
Concatenation
List of notable software written in or for the C++ programming language
manipulation library Boost — collection of peer-reviewed libraries Botan — cryptography library C++ AMP – easy way to write programs that compile and execute
List of C++ software and tools
List_of_C++_software_and_tools
Italian architect and author (1404-1472)
identified now as polymaths. He is considered the founder of European cryptography, a claim he shares with Johannes Trithemius. He is often considered primarily
Leon_Battista_Alberti
Number divisible only by 1 and itself
used in several routines in information technology, such as public-key cryptography, which relies on the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their
Prime_number
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