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Rock mass from solidified lava flows
A volcanic block is a fragment of rock that measures more than 64 mm (2.5 in) in diameter and is erupted in a solid condition. Blocks are formed from
Volcanic_block
Rock consolidated from volcanic ash
containing 25–75% volcanic bombs or volcanic blocks is called tuff breccia. Tuff composed of sandy volcanic material can be referred to as volcanic sandstone
Tuff
Fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption
in diameter Lapilli or volcanic cinders – between 2 and 64 mm (0.08 and 2.5 inches) in diameter Volcanic bombs or volcanic blocks – larger than 64 mm (2
Tephra
Small pyroclast debris thrown in the air by a volcanic eruption
volcanic bomb when molten, or a volcanic block when solid. Pyroclastic material with particles less than 2 mm in diameter is referred to as volcanic ash
Lapilli
A volcanic eruption occurs when material is expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. Several types of volcanic eruptions have been distinguished by volcanologists
Volcanic_eruption
Dark vesicular volcanic rock
Scoria (pl. scoriae), also called volcanic cinder, is a pyroclastic, highly vesicular, dark-colored volcanic rock formed by ejection from a volcano as
Scoria
Rupture in a planet's crust where material escapes
fissure in the crust of a planetary-mass object that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Earth
Volcano
Rock formed from lava erupted from a volcano
Volcanic rocks (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) are rocks formed from lava erupted from a volcano. Like all rock types, the concept
Volcanic_rock
Deposit of material ejected from a volcanic eruption
of: Ballistic transport of ejecta such as volcanic blocks, volcanic bombs and lapilli from volcanic explosions Deposition of material from convective clouds
Pyroclastic_fall
Molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption
during a volcanic eruption; it can take the form of volcanic ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs or volcanic blocks. Pompeii, Italy, in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius
Lava
volcanic landforms Volcanic island – Island of volcanic origin Volcanic plateau – Plateau produced by volcanic activity Volcanic plug – Volcanic object created
Glossary_of_landforms
Coarse accumulation of volcanic material
accumulation of large blocks of volcanic material that contains at least 75% bombs. Volcanic bombs differ from volcanic blocks in that their shape records
Agglomerate
Natural material created during volcanic eruptions
Volcanic ash consists of fragments of rock, mineral crystals, and volcanic glass, produced during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 mm (0.079 inches)
Volcanic_ash
Clastic rocks composed solely or primarily of volcanic materials
largest) as volcanic ash, lapilli, or volcanic blocks (or, if they exhibit evidence of having been hot and molten during emplacement, volcanic bombs). All
Pyroclastic_rock
Volcanic field in New Zealand
these Auckland regional faults and the resulting fault blocks is complex but like the volcanic field their locations can be postulated to be related to
Auckland_volcanic_field
the eastern volcanic zone (EVZ) is proposed with the western volcanic zone (WVZ) being the receding rift. The northern boundary of the block is linked to
Geological deformation of Iceland
Geological_deformation_of_Iceland
Chain of volcanoes parallel to the Pacific coastline from Mexico to Panama
(the Patuca Block), that transitions into oceanic crust (MCOT) up to northwestern Costa Rica (Santa Elena Block, Nicoya Block). Older volcanic rocks crop
Central_America_Volcanic_Arc
Large volcanic eruption in the Sunda Strait
Between 19 May and 21 October 1883, the volcanic island of Krakatoa (located in the Sunda Strait, then part of the Dutch East Indies—modern-day Indonesia)
1883_eruption_of_Krakatoa
Type of volcanic rock
Andesite (/ˈændəzaɪt/) is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between silica-poor basalt and silica-rich
Andesite
Geological formation
The Lynn Volcanic Complex is a suite of Proterozoic felsic volcanic rocks, situated in a block north of the Boston Basin. It includes rhyolite, rhyodacite
Lynn_Volcanic_Complex
Geologic structures formed during sediment deposition
downwards deformation of tuff beds or other deposits where a volcanic bomb or volcanic block has fallen. These structures are within sedimentary bedding
Sedimentary_structures
Part of the Indian Shield in south India
Dharwar Craton are mainly TTG (Tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) gneisses, volcanic-sedimentary greenstone sequences and calc-alkaline granitoids. The western
Dharwar_Craton
A block and ash flow or block-and-ash flow is a flowing mixture of volcanic ash and large (>26 cm) angular blocks commonly formed as a result of a gravitational
Block_and_ash_flow
Mountains in British Columbia
000,000 ft3) landslide occurred in 1963 with the failure of a large volcanic block consisting of poorly consolidated tuff breccia and columnar-jointed
Mount_Cayley
Region of volcanic craters in Germany
The Volcanic Eifel or Vulkan Eifel (German: Vulkaneifel) consists of three areas of volcanic activity, known as the West Eifel, High Eifel, and East Eifel
Volcanic_Eifel
Geologic formation in Australia
Musgrave Block. These are of the ~1050 Ma age, and are subvolcanic, possibly related to some of the ~1050 Ma volcanic rocks. The Palgrave Palgrave Volcanic Association
Musgrave_Block
Volcanic field in Yunnan, China
The Tengchong Volcanic Field (TVF) is a Cenozoic volcanic field located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau around 40 km from the Chinese
Tengchong_volcanic_field
Volcanic crater in Canada
The Bridge River Vent is a volcanic crater in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is located 51 km (32 mi)
Bridge_River_Vent
Volcanoes in British Columbia, Canada
from a flank eruption. Both cones comprise unconsolidated irregular volcanic blocks with little agglutinate, with the inner cone incorporating weathered
Flourmill_Volcanoes
Volcanic field in Oregon, United States
by blocking Odell Creek. List of volcanoes in the United States of America List of volcanic fields Cascade Volcanoes Davis Lake "Davis Lake Volcanic Field"
Davis_Lake_volcanic_field
Plumes of volcanic ash near active volcanoes are a flight safety hazard, especially for night flights. Volcanic ash is hard and abrasive, and can quickly
Volcanic ash and aviation safety
Volcanic_ash_and_aviation_safety
mound Submarine volcano Somma volcano Tuya Volcanic field Volcanic plug Bornhardt Cuesta Dome Fault-block mountain Fold mountain Hogback Homoclinal ridge
List_of_mountain_types
effusive volcanism could block local streams with lava flows whereas renewed explosive volcanism could disrupt air traffic with volcanic ash across parts of
Volcanism of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex
Volcanism_of_the_Mount_Edziza_volcanic_complex
This is a list of notable volcanic eruptions in the 16th to 20th centuries with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 4 or higher, and smaller eruptions
List of volcanic eruptions 1500–2000
List_of_volcanic_eruptions_1500–2000
Volcanic field in Jalisco, Mexico
other volcanic fields lie in the vicinity. Volcanism in the Mascota volcanic field occurs within a complicated tectonic context. The Jalisco Block is bordered
Mascota_volcanic_field
Tectonic belt of earthquakes and volcanoes
Andes Austral Volcanic Zone South Volcanic Zone Central Volcanic Zone North Volcanic Zone Central America Volcanic Arc Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt North
Ring_of_Fire
Probability of a volcanic eruption or related geophysical event
A volcanic hazard is the probability a volcanic eruption or related geophysical event will occur in a given geographic area and within a specified window
Volcanic_hazard
Geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains
[clarification needed] There are five main types of mountains: volcanic, fold, plateau, fault-block, and dome. A more detailed classification useful on a local
Mountain_formation
Type of volcanic eruption in which lava is violently expelled
expelled lava violently froths into volcanic ash when pressure is suddenly lowered at the vent. Sometimes a lava plug will block the conduit to the summit, and
Explosive_eruption
Geological formation in British Columbia, Canada
formations of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. It overlies at least four other geological formations of this volcanic complex that differ in age and
Edziza_Formation
Volcanic arc in Alaska, United States
The Aleutian Arc is a large volcanic arc in the U.S. state of Alaska. It consists of a number of active and dormant volcanoes that have formed as a result
Aleutian_Arc
Canadian segment of the North American Cascade Volcanic Arc
Canadian Cascades, is the Canadian segment of the North American Cascade Volcanic Arc. Located entirely within the Canadian province of British Columbia
Canadian_Cascade_Arc
and sandstone that contain volcanic particles. The Lichi Formation consists of melange. It is made of mud containing blocks of other stone such as sandstone
Geology_of_Taiwan
Fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter that moves away from a volcano
a pyroclastic density current, is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away
Pyroclastic_flow
1816 volcanic winter climate event
the volcanic winter of 536); its effect on the climate may have been exacerbated by the 1814 eruption of Mayon in the Philippines. The volcanic ash and
Year_Without_a_Summer
Geographic area containing several geologically related mountains
expressions and terranes, for example thrust sheets, uplifted blocks, fold mountains, and volcanic landforms resulting in a variety of rock types. Most geologically
Mountain_range
Archaeological site in South Turkey
The ancient name was Enegup. Caves may have first been built in the soft volcanic rock by the Phrygians, an Indo-European people, in the 8th–7th centuries
Kaymakli_underground_city
Active volcanic zone in New Zealand
The Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is a volcanic area in the North Island of New Zealand. It has been active for at least the past two million years and is
Taupō_Volcanic_Zone
Microcontinental Block and the Philippine Mobile Belt, which created first the Manila Trench and then the Philippine Trench. Both ancient and recent volcanic arc systems
Subduction tectonics of the Philippines
Subduction_tectonics_of_the_Philippines
Volcanic chain in southwestern British Columbia, Canada
The Garibaldi Volcanic Belt is a northwest–southeast trending volcanic chain in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains that extends from Watts Point
Garibaldi_Volcanic_Belt
Active stratovolcano in the Gulf of Naples, Italy
distance from the shore. It is one of several volcanoes forming the Campanian volcanic arc. Vesuvius consists of a large cone partially encircled by the steep
Mount_Vesuvius
Mountain in the Cascade range in California
Chaos Crags is the youngest group of lava domes in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California. They formed as six dacite domes about 1,000 years ago, one
Chaos_Crags
Volcanic plateau on Mars
Tharsis (/ˈθɑːrsɪs/, THAR-sis) is a vast volcanic plateau centered near the equator in the western hemisphere of Mars. The region is home to the largest
Tharsis
Extinct volcanoes in the Waikato Region, New Zealand
The Alexandra Volcanic Group (also known as Alexandra volcanic lineament or Alexandra Volcanics) is a chain of extinct calc-alkalic basaltic stratovolcanoes
Alexandra_Volcanic_Group
Volcanic field in Inyo County, California
Big Pine volcanic field is a volcanic field in Inyo County, California. The volcanic field covers a surface area of 500 square kilometres (190 sq mi)
Big_Pine_volcanic_field
Geology of Australia
age range of 440 to 350 MYA. Volcanics associated with the granites are also widespread and cover an additional 5%. Blocks of older crust consisting of
Geology_of_Victoria
Shield volcano in the U.S. state of Oregon
and numerous subfeatures including the Little Belknap and South Belknap volcanic cones. It lies north of McKenzie Pass and forms part of the Mount Washington
Belknap_Crater
Type of conical volcano composed of layers of lava and tephra
viscous to allow easy escape of volcanic gases. As a consequence, the tremendous internal pressures of the trapped volcanic gases remain and intermingle
Stratovolcano
Geologic description of the Appalachian Mountains
elongate belts of folded and thrust faulted marine sedimentary rocks, volcanic rocks, and slivers of ancient ocean floor. The creation of the Appalachian
Geology_of_the_Appalachians
Fragment of Earth's crust
the Eastern Block was not assembled as one block until the Paleoproterozoic. It was formed when the volcanic island arc of Langrim block and the Archean
Eastern Block of the North China Craton
Eastern_Block_of_the_North_China_Craton
Volcanic processes and landforms on the Moon
that form large volcanic complexes and isolated edifices. Calderas, large-scale collapse features generally formed late in a volcanic eruptive episode
Volcanism_on_the_Moon
Geothermal field in Inyo County, California, United States
The Coso Volcanic Field is located in Inyo County, California, at the western edge of the Basin and Range geologic province and northern region of the
Coso_Volcanic_Field
Active volcanic island off the coast of Sicily, Italy
fragments, and stone blocks. Stromboli's activity is almost exclusively explosive, but lava flows do occur at times of high volcanic activity: an effusive
Stromboli
Volcanic arc accreted onto the North American Plate
Smartville Intrusive Complex, is a geologic terrane formed in the ocean from a volcanic island arc that was accreted onto the North American Plate during the late
Smartville_Block
Volcano in southern Peru
60 kilometres (37 mi) east of the city of Arequipa. Part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, it rises 5,672 metres (18,609 ft) above sea level. The
Ubinas
Earth crust fragment in Alaska
have been recorded in the Wrangell volcanic region, which lies approximately above the subducted region of the block. This seismic activity has led some
Yakutat_Block
Type of volcanic rock
rock called lapilli tuff. Near the volcanic source, ignimbrites often contain thick accumulations of lithic blocks, and distally, many show meter-thick
Ignimbrite
Cluster of volcanoes in Argentina and Chile
The Pali-Aike volcanic field is a volcanic field along the Argentina–Chile border. It is part of a family of back-arc volcanoes in Patagonia, which formed
Pali-Aike_volcanic_field
Chain of volcanoes from Taiwan to Luzon
The Luzon Volcanic Arc is a chain of volcanoes in a north–south line across the Luzon Strait from Taiwan to Luzon. The name "Luzon Volcanic Arc" was first
Luzon_Volcanic_Arc
Geology of a U.S. national park in California
The Lassen volcanic area presents a geological record of sedimentation and volcanic activity in and around Lassen Volcanic National Park in Northern California
Geology of the Lassen volcanic area
Geology_of_the_Lassen_volcanic_area
Chain of volcanoes and related magmatic features in British Columbia, Canada
The Anahim Volcanic Belt (AVB) is a west–east trending chain of volcanoes and related magmatic features in British Columbia, Canada. It extends from Athlone
Anahim_Volcanic_Belt
Shield volcano in eastern Turkey
like that of volcanoes on the island of Hawaii. The volcano is part of a volcanic group surrounding Lake Van that includes Nemrut Caldera and Mount Ararat
Mount_Tendürek
Pyroclastic volcanic plateau on the North Island of New Zealand
The North Island Volcanic Plateau (often called the Central Plateau and occasionally the Waimarino Plateau) is a volcanic plateau covering much of central
North_Island_Volcanic_Plateau
Isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top
Highlands of South America Tuya – Flat-topped, steep-sided volcano Volcanic plug – Volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano
Butte
Active stratovolcano in Ecuador
phreatic (steam) eruptions on the morning of August 14 marked a new phase of volcanic activity. The volcano "remains in a very abnormal situation. In August
Cotopaxi
Volcanic field in Sudan
Bayuda volcanic field (also spelled Bayiuda) is a volcanic field in Sudan, within the Bayuda Desert. It covers a surface of about 11 by 48 kilometres
Bayuda_volcanic_field
Island of South Korea
formed through volcanic activity. Volcanic activity then stopped for approximately 100 thousand years. About 300 thousand years ago, volcanic activity restarted
Jeju_Island
Volcanic field in Darfur, Sudan
Meidob volcanic field is a Holocene volcanic field in Darfur, Sudan. It is one of several volcanic fields in Africa whose origin is explained by the activity
Meidob_volcanic_field
Part of the Congo craton of central Africa
more importantly, by xenocrystic zircon found in volcanic and granitic lithologies of the Bangweulu Block, and the area to the West, the Central African
Bangweulu_Block
Geology of a Spanish archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean
Canary Islands is dominated by volcanoes and volcanic rock. The Canary Islands are a group of volcanic islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, near the
Geology_of_the_Canary_Islands
Remote volcanic zone in Canada
The Mount Cayley volcanic field (MCVF) is a remote volcanic zone on the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada, stretching 31 kilometres (19 miles) from
Mount_Cayley_volcanic_field
Active volcano in California, United States
as Mount Lassen, is a 10,457-foot (3,187 m) lava dome volcano in Lassen Volcanic National Park in Northern California. Located in the Shasta Cascade region
Lassen_Peak
Tectonic boundary
of active collision between the North Luzon Trough portion of the Luzon Volcanic Arc and South China. The Philippine Mobile Belt has also been called the
Philippine_Mobile_Belt
Volcanic field in San Bernardino County, California
Cima volcanic field is a volcanic field in San Bernardino County, California, close to the border with Nevada. The volcanic field covers a surface area
Cima_volcanic_field
Volcanic field in Oregon
The Sand Mountain Volcanic Field (also known as the Sand Mountain Field) is a volcanic field in the upper McKenzie River watershed, located in the United
Sand_Mountain_Volcanic_Field
Microcontinental block in the western Philippines
Palawan Block is a microcontinental block situated in the western Philippines and the southern tip of the Manila Trench. The North Palawan block is considered
North_Palawan_Block
Volcanic field in United States of America
Indian Heaven is a volcanic field in Skamania County in the state of Washington, in the United States. Midway between Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams
Indian_Heaven
East African highlands
elevated and there are many volcanic edifices, such as those forming the Nabro Volcanic Range. The largest of the Nabro Volcanic Range edifices are the Mallahle
Danakil_Alps
Polygonal stone columns
Columnar jointing of volcanic rocks exists in many places on Earth. Perhaps the most famous basalt lava flow in the world is the Giant's Causeway in Northern
List of places with columnar jointed volcanics
List_of_places_with_columnar_jointed_volcanics
Volcanic activity in Canada
Volcanic activity is a major part of the geology of Canada and is characterized by many types of volcanic landform, including lava flows, volcanic plateaus
Volcanism_of_Canada
Volcanic field in Libya
have large craters. Volcanism in Haruj blocked ancient rivers and led to the formation of Lake Megafezzan. Volcanic activity in Haruj began about 6 million
Haruj
Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava
"Hydrothermal alteration of andesitic lava domes can lead to explosive volcanic behaviour". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 5063. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10
Lava_dome
Geologic caldera in Washington (state)
million-year-old volcanic collapse structure in the North Cascades of the U.S. state of Washington. The caldera collapsed during two separate volcanic eruptions
Hannegan_caldera
Volcanic field in British Columbia, Canada
The Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field, also called the Clearwater Cone Group, is a potentially active monogenetic volcanic field in east-central British
Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field
Wells_Gray-Clearwater_volcanic_field
Lithostratigraphic group in Wales
The Benton Volcanic Group is an Ediacaran lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in Pembrokeshire, Wales. The name is derived from the locality
Benton_Volcanic_Group
Massive volcanic activity during the Little Ice Age
by the greenhouse effect. During the Little Ice Age, volcanic eruptions produced ashes that blocked solar insolation. The Earth surface received less radiation
Little_Ice_Age_volcanism
Group of volcanoes in British Columbia, Canada
group of volcanic peaks in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc of western
Mount_Meager_massif
Phenomenon where interior material reaches the surface of an astronomical body
Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface
Volcanism
Alternating landscape of parallel mountain ranges and valleys
mantle to more easily melt rock and form magma, resulting in increased volcanic activity. With crustal extension, a series of normal faults which occur
Basin_and_range_topography
Volcanic field in Nye County, Nevada
Lunar Crater volcanic field is a volcanic field in Nye County, Nevada, United States. It lies along the Reveille and Pancake Ranges and consists of over
Lunar_Crater_volcanic_field
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