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Interstate warfare was practiced in the Philippines prior to Spanish colonization. The tactics and strategies prevalent during the Philippines' early historic
Warfare in pre-colonial Philippines
Warfare_in_pre-colonial_Philippines
The recorded pre-colonial history of the Philippines, sometimes also referred to as its "protohistoric period," begins with the creation of the Laguna
History of the Philippines (900–1565)
History_of_the_Philippines_(900–1565)
The cultural achievements of pre-colonial Philippines include those covered by the prehistory and the early history (900–1521) of the Philippine archipelago's
Cultural achievements of pre-colonial Philippines
Cultural_achievements_of_pre-colonial_Philippines
Throwing spear used by Filipino natives
type of javelin used in the pre-colonial Philippines. They are made from sharpened bagakay (Schizostachyum lumampao) bamboo in which certain compartments
Sugob
This list of conflicts in the Philippines is a timeline of events that includes pre-colonial wars, Spanish–Moro conflict, Philippine revolts against Spain
List of conflicts in the Philippines
List_of_conflicts_in_the_Philippines
Spanish colonial period of the Philippines
The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy
History of the Philippines (1565–1898)
History_of_the_Philippines_(1565–1898)
Katipunan Philippine Revolution Guardia Civil Warfare in pre-colonial Philippines Military history of the Philippines List of weapons of the Spanish–American
List of weapons of the Philippine Revolution
List_of_weapons_of_the_Philippine_Revolution
Axe
heads and straight edges. Head axes, like most other pre-colonial bladed weapons of the Philippines, were also utilitarian. They were also used for cutting
Head_axe
Zhenping, Wang (2008). "Reading Song-Ming Records on the Pre-colonial History of the Philippines". Journal of East Asian Cultural Interaction Studies. 1:
History_of_the_Philippines
Archipelagic country in Southeast Asia
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists
Philippines
Noble title in the pre-Spanish Philippines
ratu. In pre-Islamic times, the political leadership office was vested in a rajahship in Manila and a datuship elsewhere in the Philippines. In the later
Datu
history of the Philippines from 1898 to 1946 is known as the American colonial period, which began with the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in April 1898
History of the Philippines (1898–1946)
History_of_the_Philippines_(1898–1946)
Control by distant groups
When colonists settled in pre-populated areas, the societies and cultures of the people in those areas permanently changed. Colonial practices directly and
Colonialism
Indigenous tattoos of the Philippines
tattoos of the Philippines. Tattooing on both sexes was practiced by almost all ethnic groups of the Philippine Islands during the pre-colonial era. Like other
Batok
Retrieved February 3, 2017. Reading Song-Ming Records on the Pre-colonial History of the Philippines By Wang Zhenping Page 256. "A Complete Transcription of
Military history of the Philippines
Military_history_of_the_Philippines
history of the Philippines since the Spanish colonial era, there are also some historical migrant heritage groups such as the Chinese Filipinos and Spanish
Ethnic groups in the Philippines
Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines
Military history Prehistoric warfare Ancient warfare Medieval warfare Early Modern warfare Industrial warfare Modern warfare Minoan civilization Modern
Index_of_history_articles
Complex sociopolitical units in precolonial Philippines
studying the Philippines have noted that the reciprocal social obligations that characterized the pre-colonial bayan and barangay system are still in place today
Precolonial_barangay
Theory in the history of war
In military history, the term "generations of warfare" refers to the concept of five "generations" in warfare, with each generation having different tactics
Generations_of_warfare
Boats: Pre-colonial Philippine watercraft". National Museum of the Philippines. Lacsina, Ligaya (2016). "Boats of the Precolonial Philippines: Butuan
Arts_in_the_Philippines
Feudal warrior class in Tagalog society
(Baybayin pre-virama: ᜋᜑᜎᜒᜃ meaning freeman or freedman) were the feudal warrior class in ancient Tagalog society in Luzon, the Philippines. They belonged
Maharlika
2012. Zhenping, Wang. "Reading Song-Ming Records on the Pre-colonial History of the Philippines" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 March 2013
History_of_Luzon
Ethnic group
the Philippines and in other countries. In the pre-colonial period, the Spanish applied the term "barangay" to the settlements they encountered in the
Ilocano_people
Naval warfare branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
Philippine Navy (PN) (Filipino: Hukbong Dagat ng Pilipinas, lit. 'Army of [the] Sea of [the] Philippines') is the naval warfare service branch of the
Philippine_Navy
Ground warfare branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
pride. To provide prompt, sustained, and decisive land warfare operations in support of the Filipino people and the nation's development. The Philippine
Philippine_Army
Fighting methods devised in the Philippines
Filipino martial arts (FMA; Filipino: Sining panlaban ng Pilipinas) refer to ancient and newer modified fighting methods devised in the Philippines. It
Filipino_martial_arts
Customs for the dead commonly practiced in the Philippines
During the Pre-Hispanic period the early Filipinos believed in a concept of life after death. This belief, which stemmed from indigenous ancestral veneration
Funeral practices and burial customs in the Philippines
Funeral_practices_and_burial_customs_in_the_Philippines
Variations in the Impact of Disease in Early Spanish America and the Philippines". In Raudzens, George (ed.). Technology, Disease, and Colonial Conquests
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
Attacks using radioactive material with intent of contamination of an area
Radiological warfare is any form of warfare involving deliberate radiation poisoning or contamination of an area with radioisotopes, but without the use
Radiological_warfare
Early Filipino nobility
shamans Tondo (historical polity) Barangay History of the Philippines (pre-1521) "Pre-colonial Manila". Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library. Malacañang
Lakan
Major historical region in Central and Northern Luzon
coastal pre-colonial Philippine region located at the coasts of Lingayen Gulf. South of Pangasinan was Caboloan (Luyag na Caboloan), located in the interior
Pangasinan (historical region)
Pangasinan_(historical_region)
Use of equines in combat
The first evidence of horses in warfare dates from Eurasia between 4000 and 3000 BC. A Sumerian illustration of warfare from 2500 BC depicts some type
Horses_in_warfare
Philippine Army unit specializing in jungle warfare and anti-guerrilla operations
known within the regiment as the "Tabak" badge (named after a pre-colonial Filipino fighting blade), pinned on the breast pockets of their dress uniforms
1st_Scout_Ranger_Regiment
Warfare in jungles, forests, or similar environments
Jungle warfare or woodland warfare is warfare in forests, jungles, or similar environments. The term encompasses military operations affected by the terrain
Jungle_warfare
state religion of the Philippines. Since the American colonial period, it has been practiced within the framework of a secular state. In 2023, an estimated
Catholic Church in the Philippines
Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines
Philippine knife or sword
general term for traditional pre-colonial small- to medium-sized single-edged swords or large knives of the Philippines that function both as tools and
Bolo_knife
Major historical polity in Luzon
(1304). South Seas Chronicles (in Chinese). Reading Song-Ming Records on the Pre-colonial History of the Philippines By Wang Zhenping Page 256. Abinales
Maynila_(historical_polity)
Ancient sovereign state in the Philippines
Wang Zhenping (2008). "Reading Song-Ming Records on the Pre-colonial History of the Philippines" (PDF). Journal of East Asian Cultural Interaction Studies
Ma-i
Ancient Iberian single-edged sword
The falcata is a type of sword typical of pre-Roman Iberia. The falcata was used to great effect for warfare in the ancient Iberian Peninsula, and is firmly
Falcata
Major historical polity in Northern Luzon
known simply as Caboloan, alternatively as Binalatongan, was a sovereign pre-colonial Philippine polity (panarian) situated near the Agno River delta, centered
Caboloan
1457–1915 state in Southeast Asia
of Zamboanga Region in Mindanao in the east to Palawan/Palawanon located in the Philippines in the north. It also covered areas in the northeast of Borneo
Sultanate_of_Sulu
Filipino nobility
and the constant inter-village warfare were actively suppressed during the American colonial period of the Philippines (1898–1946), finally disappearing
Bagani
Precolonial polity in Manila
excavations conducted by the National Museum of the Philippines in the 1960s, meantime, produced artifacts from a pre-Hispanic gravesite within the Santa Ana Church
Namayan
(BPO) and remittances from overseas Filipino workers playing critical roles in its development. During pre-colonial times, the Philippine Islands were
Economic history of the Philippines
Economic_history_of_the_Philippines
Part of World War II
and Suppliers: World War II Submarine Special Operations in the Philippines". Undersea Warfare. Summer (23). United States Navy. Archived from the original
Japanese occupation of the Philippines
Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines
civilians, especially in the Rape of Nanking, the use of comfort women, and biological and chemical warfare and experimentation. In addition, prisoners
Japan_during_World_War_II
Type of military tactics and operational warfare
the economies of the eastern Mediterranean. In pre-colonial thalassocracies in the islands of the Philippines, sea raids (mangayaw) and land wars (mangubat)
Raid_(military)
U.S. unincorporated territory in southeast Asia from 1935 to 1946
uses "the Philippines" as the country's short-form name throughout its provisions, and uses "the Philippine Islands" only to refer to pre-1935 status
Commonwealth of the Philippines
Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines
Ancient Philippine writing system
priest and Antonio de Morga noted in 1604 and 1609 that most Filipino men and women could read baybayin. Before the colonial period, it was largely reserved
Baybayin
Period of the Spanish conquest in South America
the borders of the Inca Empire in 1528, it spanned a considerable area and was by far the largest of the four grand pre-Columbian civilizations[definition
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
Spanish_conquest_of_the_Inca_Empire
Visayan historical polity in the Philippines
Shao-yun Yang (Denison University) Jichul, Kim (2005). "The Pre-Colonial Trade of the Philippines". Journal of East Asian Studies. 5 (1). Lien-ho: 151–174
Cebu_(historical_polity)
the Philippines, the source of Asian products like silk and porcelain which was in demand in the Americas. Illegal trade between Peruvians, Filipinos, and
History_of_Colombia
Nobility social class in the Philippines
tumao were the nobility social class among various cultures of the pre-colonial Philippines. Among the Visayans, the tumao were further distinguished from
Maginoo
Pre-Columbian state in present-day central Mexico (1348–1520)
extending back into the pre-Columbian era to justify their claims.[page needed] During the colonial period, Tlaxcala's "part in the conquest of the Aztec
Tlaxcala_(Nahua_state)
Lowest social class in the precolonial cultures in the Philippines
cultures of the Philippines before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th and 17th centuries. The term alipin is used in the Tagalog language. In the Visayan
Alipin
Bilateral relations
Zhenping (31 March 2008). "Reading Song-Ming Records on the Pre-colonial History of the Philippines" (PDF). 東アジア文化交渉研究 [Journal of East Asian Cultural Interaction
China–Philippines_relations
Aspect of Japan's military history
between 200,000 and 500,000 people in China. Biological warfare units, led by Unit 731, operated across the Japanese colonial empire, dispersing anthrax, cholera
Japan and weapons of mass destruction
Japan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
Burial in which a ship or boat is used
Age Norsemen, as well as the pre-colonial ship burials described in the Boxer Codex (c. 15th century) in the Philippines. The extinct Bo people of China's
Ship_burial
Pre-hispanic Filipino nation
was mentioned in the Chinese Gazetteer Zhu Fan Zhi 諸蕃志 (1225). It is described as politically connected to the polity of Sandao "三嶋" in the Calamianes
Pulilu
Currency of the Philippines
as the Chinese yuan and the Japanese yen. Pre-colonial trade between tribes of what is now the Philippines and with traders from the neighboring islands
Philippine_peso
influence and imperialism of the West peaked in Asian territories from the colonial period beginning in the 16th century, and substantially reduced with
Western_imperialism_in_Asia
Feudal warrior class of Visayan societies
societies of the Philippines. They were regarded as higher than the uripon (commoners, serfs, and slaves) but below the tumao (royal nobility) in the Visayan
Timawa
Separatist conflict in the Philippines
insurgency in the Mindanao region in southern Philippines which involved multiple armed groups. A decades-long peace process has resulted in peace deals
Moro_conflict
Military forces of the Philippines
for Peace, Reconciliation and Unity: Sec. Mel Senen S. Sarmiento Pre-colonial Philippines maintained local militia groups under the barangay system. Reporting
Armed Forces of the Philippines
Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines
Alan. Colonial Wars of North America, 1512–1763: An Encyclopedia (Routledge, 2015). Grenier, John. "Warfare during the Colonial Era, 1607–1765." In Companion
Colonial history of the United States
Colonial_history_of_the_United_States
Type of backsword with curved blade, designed to cut and slash
cuisine and warfare resulted in the szabla becoming an indispensable part of traditional Polish culture. The sabre saw extensive military use in the early
Sabre
Military operation attacking from air and sea to land
Amphibious warfare is a type of offensive military operation that today uses naval ships to project ground and air power onto a hostile or potentially
Amphibious_warfare
Colonial empire between 1492 and 1976
Catholic Monarchy, was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976. In conjunction with the Portuguese Empire, it ushered in the European Age of Discovery
Spanish_Empire
Greek curved knife or sword
Warhorse: Cavalry in Ancient Warfare. Continuum International Publishing Group, pp. 33–34. Gordon, D.H. (1958) "Scimitars, Sabres and Falchions". in Man, Vol 58
Kopis
Precolonial kingdom in the Philippines
the Pre-colonial History of the Philippines Archived 2023-02-13 at the Wayback Machine By Kansai University "Zamboanga (Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines)"
Sanmalan
women served in a branch of the services during the six years of warfare. By war's end, gross enlistments totalled 727,200 men and women in the Australian
History_of_Australia
Illuminated manuscript by Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro
makes no claim that the work contains a transcription of particular pre-colonial documents. The work consists of a publisher's introduction by Salvador
Maragtas
Traditional Filipino watercraft with outriggers
research on pre-colonial Filipino watercraft. Various types of bangka were used in maritime trade. While the polities in the Philippines remained small
Bangka_(boat)
Ancient Egyptian sword
evolved from the epsilon or similar crescent-shaped axes that were used in warfare. The khopesh also evolved from the crescent-shaped swords that came with
Khopesh
Kingdom of the Spanish Empire (1521–1821)
Governor-General of the Philippines Historiography of Colonial Spanish America History of democracy in Mexico History of Honduras List of governors in the Viceroyalty
New_Spain
The history of the Philippine Army began in during pre-colonial era as different tribes established their own citizen force to defend the Balangays from
History of the Philippine Army
History_of_the_Philippine_Army
Philippine mythological figure
code in the Philippines, known as the Code of Kalantiaw in 1433. He gained national prominence in the 20th century in the Philippines, particularly in the
Kalantiaw
Use of tunnels and other underground cavities in wars
Tunnel warfare refers to aspects of warfare relating to tunnels and other underground cavities. It includes the construction of underground facilities in order
Tunnel_warfare
1896–1898 Philippine war of independence against the Spanish Empire
1898. It was the culmination of the 333-year colonial rule of Spain in the archipelago. The Philippines was one of the last major colonies of the Spanish
Philippine_Revolution
Precolonial Philippine polity
polity (lungsod) centered around northeastern Mindanao island in present-day Butuan, Philippines. It was known for its gold mining, gold jewelry and other
Butuan_(historical_polity)
Settlement in the Philippines
Ibalon, or Ibalong, is the ancient name of the Bicol Region in the Philippines. The center of settlement is believed to be either beside the Bicol River
Ibalon
developed following Mozambique's independence from Portuguese colonial rule.[page needed] In April 1980, the former colony became the independent country
Rhodesia and weapons of mass destruction
Rhodesia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
Communism in the Philippines emerged in the first half of the 20th century during the American colonial era of the Philippines. Communist movements originated
Communism_in_the_Philippines
Aspect of women's history
role in active warfare. The following is a list of prominent women in war and their exploits from about 1500 up to about 1699. Only women active in direct
Women_in_warfare_(1500–1699)
Historic walled city and district of Manila, Philippines
the walls' in Spanish) is the 0.67-square-kilometer (0.26 sq mi) historic walled area within the city of Manila, the capital of the Philippines. It is administered
Intramuros
Indigenous people of Mexico
Megged, Amos (June 30, 2021). "The Institution of the Teccalli in the Pre-Columbian and Colonial Altepetl of Tlaxcallan/Tlaxcala: A Re-Evaluation". Estudios
Tlaxcaltec
Aspect of women's history
war in the United States, pre-1945. Only women active in direct warfare, such as warriors, spies, and women who actively led armies are included in this
Women in warfare and the military in the 19th century
Women_in_warfare_and_the_military_in_the_19th_century
Historical polity in present-day Philippines
Filipinonumismatist. Archived from the original on April 25, 2017. "Pre-Colonial Manila". Presidential Museum and Library. Archived from the original
Cainta_(historical_polity)
German colonies from 1884 to 1920
colonial empire (German: deutsches Kolonialreich) constituted the overseas colonies, dependencies, and territories of the German Empire. Unified in 1871
German_colonial_empire
Book by Mike Davis
and 1899–1902, in India, China, Brazil, Ethiopia, Korea, Vietnam, the Philippines and New Caledonia. By comparing ENSO episodes in different time periods
Late_Victorian_Holocausts
South Asian sword
close to the forearm by another bar or chain. Created in Medieval India, the pata's use in warfare appears to be mostly restricted to the 17th and 18th
Pata_(sword)
1350–1905 state in Southeast Asia
Jawi: كسولتانن نو بواين; Filipino: Sultanato ng Buayan) was a Muslim state on the island of Mindanao in the southern Philippines from the mid-14th to the
Sultanate_of_Buayan
1618–1651 theater of war
analyses. The global perspective emphasizes three main factors: Colonial and maritime warfare, especially Dutch–Portuguese and Dutch–Spanish conflicts. Transoceanic
Thirty Years' War outside Europe
Thirty_Years'_War_outside_Europe
Occupation of the Philippine city by the British between 1762 and 1764
War: Global Views History of Warfare. Brill. ISBN 9789004236448. Fish, Shirley (2003), When Britain ruled the Philippines, 1762-1764: the story of the
British_occupation_of_Manila
Weapon from The Arabian Peninsula
their own local system of warfare, which was not of big armies, but of small battles and skirmishes among tribes. Swords in Mu'tah, called Mashrafiya
Arab_sword
would instigate a conflict. During the Japanese colonial period a chemical weapons factory was in operation in North Taiwan; the Nationalists took possession
Taiwan and weapons of mass destruction
Taiwan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
1943–1945 Japanese puppet state
The Second Philippine Republic, officially the Republic of the Philippines and also known as the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, was a pro-Axis
Second_Philippine_Republic
15th–19th century colonization
European-Native American Warfare, 1675–1815. University of Oklahoma Press ISBN 978-0-8061-3075-0 Vickers, Daniel, ed. A Companion to Colonial America. (2003).
European colonization of the Americas
European_colonization_of_the_Americas
American journalist (1880 - 1934)
criticize the colonial system in some of his newspaper writing. For example, Gibbons opposed the United States giving the Philippines independence. He
Herbert_Adams_Gibbons
Pre-colonial Southeast Asian polity
Kingdom) is the term used by local historians of Bohol, Philippines, to refer to the Dauis–Mansasa polity in the modern city of Tagbilaran and the adjacent island
Dapitan_Kingdom
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