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Measurement technique
White light interferometry is a non-contact optical method for surface height measurement on 3D structures with surface profiles varying between tens of
White_light_interferometry
Measurement method using interference of waves
Interferometry is a technique which uses the interference of superimposed waves to extract information. Interferometry typically uses electromagnetic waves
Interferometry
A white light scanner (WLS) is a device for performing surface height measurements of an object using coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) with spectrally-broadband
White_light_scanner
Katherine; Schmit, Joanna (eds.). "Challenges in white-light phase-shifting interferometry". Proc. SPIE. Interferometry XI: Techniques and Analysis. 4777: 118–127
Coherence scanning interferometry
Coherence_scanning_interferometry
Common configuration for optical interferometry
configuration for optical interferometry and was invented by the American physicist Albert Abraham Michelson in 1887. Using a beam splitter, a light source is split
Michelson_interferometer
independent of wavelength. White light interferometry is utilized to detect deformations of the wafer. Low coherence light from a white light source passes through
Wafer_bond_characterization
Spectral interferometry (SI) or frequency-domain interferometry is a linear technique used to measure optical pulses, with the condition that a reference
Spectral_interferometry
interferometer Diffraction-grating interferometer (white light) Double-slit interferometer Dual-polarization interferometry Fabry–Pérot interferometer Fizeau interferometer
List of types of interferometers
List_of_types_of_interferometers
Array used for astronomical observations
astronomical objects such as stars, nebulas and galaxies by means of interferometry. The advantage of this technique is that it can theoretically produce
Astronomical_interferometer
Optical biosensing technology
Bio-layer interferometry (BLI) is an optical biosensing technology that analyzes biomolecular interactions in real-time without the need for fluorescent
Bio-layer_interferometry
Measuring instrument for surface profile and roughness
methods include interferometry based methods such as digital holographic microscopy, vertical scanning interferometry/white light interferometry, phase shifting
Profilometer
Information method in electromagnetic radiation
interference from coherent broadband sources: this is the basis for white light interferometry and optical coherence tomography. Mutual coherence permits the
Optical_heterodyne_detection
Small, local deviations of a surface from a perfectly flat ideal
Common optical techniques include: White Light Interferometry (WLI), which uses the interference of broadband light to achieve nanometer-level vertical
Surface_finish
Dependence of group velocity on frequency
Photonics Encyclopedia Commercial Optical Dispersion Measurement with White Light Interferometry Boyd, Robert. W (2007). Nonlinear Optics (3rd ed.). Elsevier.
Group-velocity_dispersion
Turntable that plays records using laser beams
"Optical Audio Reconstruction for Stereo Phonograph Records Using White Light Interferometry." ISMIR. 2009. Canazza, Sergio, and Antonina Dattolo. "Listening
Laser_turntable
Digital imaging technology
"Optical Audio Reconstruction for Stereo Phonograph Records Using White Light Interferometry.[permanent dead link]" ISMIR. 2009. Tian, Baozhong, Samuel Sambasivam
IRENE_(technology)
Phenomenon resulting from the superposition of two waves
very useful in interferometry, as they allow the zero path difference fringe to be identified. To generate interference fringes, light from the source
Wave_interference
Surgical procedure
healun.2023.09.019. PMID 37778524. Thomas DJ (February 2017). "3D white light interferometry assessment of robotic laser scalpel assisted surgery to minimise
Robotic_surgery
compensated paths and may be used with white light. Besides optical testing, applications of lateral shearing interferometry have included thin film analysis
Common-path_interferometer
Optoelectronics component
unsuitable. Some examples include optical coherence tomography, white light interferometry, optical sensing and fibre optic gyroscopes. Ooi, B. S.; Cha,
Superluminescent_diode
Device that emits light via optical amplification
applications for a laser, such as optical telecommunications, spectrometry, interferometry, radar, and nuclear fusion. He continued developing the idea and filed
Laser
Topics referred to by the same term
Laboratories USCG inland buoy tenders Oracle WebLogic Integration white light interferometry Whole Life Insurance Welling railway station This disambiguation
WLI
Finnish astronomer (1891–1971)
developed a method to multiply an optical length reference using white light interferometry to precisely determine lengths of baselines used in triangulation
Yrjö_Väisälä
Measurement of small-scale features on surfaces
Non-contact methods include: interferometry, digital holography, confocal microscopy, focus variation, structured light, electrical capacitance, electron
Surface_metrology
Binary star system in the constellation Cetus
are suggestive.[citation needed] An estimate obtained in 1925 from interferometry by Francis G. Pease at the Mount Wilson Observatory gave Mira a diameter
Mira
electron microscopy (SEM) Stroboscopic video microscopy (SVM) White light interferometry (WLI) Following technologies were experimented with but are no
MEMS_testing
Relativistic effect due to rotation
after French physicist Georges Sagnac, is a phenomenon encountered in interferometry that is elicited by rotation. The Sagnac effect manifests itself in
Sagnac_effect
Star in the constellation Libra
(2020-08-01). "Fundamental stellar parameters of benchmark stars from CHARA interferometry - I. Metal-poor stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 640: A25. arXiv:2006
HD_140283
Recording to reproduce a three-dimensional light field
a wide range of other uses, including data storage, microscopy, and interferometry. In principle, it is possible to make a hologram for any type of wave
Holography
Technique used to measure 3D topography using shifted interference
Phase-shifting interferometry (PSI) is an optical metrology technique for measuring surface topography and wavefront shape to sub-nanometre precision.
Phase-shifting_interferometry
Method of retrieving sound from the picture of a record
"Optical Audio Reconstruction for Stereo Phonograph Records Using White Light Interferometry." ISMIR. 2009. Tian, Baozhong, Samuel Sambasivam, and John Barron
VisualAudio
Branch of physics that studies light
producing bright and dark fringes in regular and predictable patterns. Interferometry is the science of measuring these patterns, usually as a means of making
Optics
Device to determine relative phase shift
Mach in an 1892 article. Mach–Zehnder interferometry has been demonstrated with electrons as well as with light. The versatility of the Mach–Zehnder configuration
Mach–Zehnder_interferometer
Form of radar used to create images of landscapes
and deforestation. Volcano and earthquake monitoring use differential interferometry. SAR can also be applied for monitoring civil infrastructure stability
Synthetic-aperture_radar
Imaging technique
near-infrared light to obtain micrometer-level depth-resolved images of biological tissue or other scattering media. It uses interferometry techniques to
Optical_coherence_tomography
the aperture, and some telescopes may use aperture synthesis through interferometry. Telescopes designed to be used as optical astronomical interferometers
List of largest optical reflecting telescopes
List_of_largest_optical_reflecting_telescopes
low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) is an emerging[when?] biomedical imaging technology which uses the properties of scattered light to measure the
Angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry
Angle-resolved_low-coherence_interferometry
Cancelled NASA space telescope
The Space Interferometry Mission, or SIM, also known as SIM Lite (formerly known as SIM PlanetQuest), was a planned space telescope proposed by the U.S
Space_Interferometry_Mission
Potential for two waves to interfere
optical gating (FROG), or spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER). Light also has a polarization, which is the direction
Coherence_(physics)
South Korean engineer (born 1961)
well as approaches that enhance depth measurement accuracy in white-light interferometry. He has created inspection systems for semiconductor structures
Heui_Jae_Pahk
Galaxy containing the Solar System
for the Age and Mass of the Methuselah Star HD 140283 Using MESA and Interferometry and Implications for 1D Convection". Research Notes of the AAS. 5 (5):
Milky_Way
Compact astronomical body
in its observations of Sagittarius A* and M87*. Gravitational-wave interferometry can be used to detect merging black holes and other compact objects
Black_hole
Imaging systems using changes in phase
(2011). "Four-dimensional X-ray phase tomography with Talbot interferometry and white synchrotron radiation: Dynamic observation of a living worm". Optics
Phase-contrast_X-ray_imaging
Physics experiment
Delayed-choice quantum eraser Diffraction from slits Dual-polarization interferometry Elitzur–Vaidman bomb tester N-slit interferometer Matter wave Photon
Double-slit_experiment
Red supergiant star in the constellation Orion
became a regular target for aperture masking interferometry, that breakthroughs occurred in visible-light and infrared imaging. Pioneered by J.E. Baldwin
Betelgeuse
Triple star system in the constellation Eridanus
Mark; Kilian, Christopher M.; Warner, Rich (August 2021). "Speckle Interferometry at the U.S. Naval Observatory. XXIV". The Astronomical Journal. 162
40_Eridani
Optical microscopy technique
contrast in unstained, transparent samples. DIC works on the principle of interferometry to gain information about the optical path length of the sample, to
Differential interference contrast microscopy
Differential_interference_contrast_microscopy
Star cluster in the constellation of Taurus
attributed to random error. More recent results using very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) (August 2014), and preliminary solutions using Gaia Data Release
Pleiades
Device used to measure gravitational waves
resonant antennas has occurred. A more sensitive detector uses laser interferometry to measure gravitational-wave induced motion between separated 'free'
Gravitational-wave observatory
Gravitational-wave_observatory
Transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light
used in common-path interferometry. Another class is formed by polarizing prisms which use birefringence to split a beam of light into components of varying
Prism_(optics)
European space mission to measure gravitational waves
observatory. It aims to measure gravitational waves directly by using laser interferometry. The LISA concept features three spacecraft arranged in an equilateral
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna
Void between celestial bodies
Books, pp. 89–90, ISBN 978-1-4262-0321-3 Hariharan, P. (2003), Optical interferometry (2nd ed.), Academic Press, ISBN 978-0-12-311630-7 Harris, Philip Robert
Outer_space
precise experiments possible, such as the Pound–Rebka experiment, laser interferometry and lunar rangefinding. Early tests of general relativity were hampered
Tests_of_general_relativity
Paper-like display technology
image appearing to fade. Technologies include Gyricon, electrowetting, interferometry, and plasmonics. Many electronic paper technologies hold static text
Electronic_paper
Techniques for visualizing the propagation of a light ray
that has picosecond temporal resolution, thus removing the need for interferometry and coherent illumination, but requiring additional hardware to raster
Light-in-flight_imaging
Another promising approach is nulling interferometry. It has also been proposed that space-telescopes that focus light using zone plates instead of mirrors
Methods of detecting exoplanets
Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets
Active galactic nucleus (AGN) containing a supermassive black hole
output, which lacked explanation. The small sizes were confirmed by interferometry and by observing how quickly the quasar as a whole varied in output
Quasar
ISO collection of international standards
Part 604: Nominal characteristics of non-contact (coherence scanning interferometry) instruments Part 605: Nominal characteristics of non-contact (point
ISO_25178
US Navy astronomical interferometer
one of the few major instruments globally which can conduct optical interferometry. See an illustration of its layout, at bottom. NOFS has used NPOI to
Navy Precision Optical Interferometer
Navy_Precision_Optical_Interferometer
Global radio telescope array
telescopes. The EHT project combines data from several very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) stations around Earth, which form a combined array with an angular
Event_Horizon_Telescope
J.; Dainty, J. C. (1978). "Observations of binary stars by speckle interferometry – I". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 183 (4): 701–710
List of star systems within 80–85 light-years
List_of_star_systems_within_80–85_light-years
Unit of information in a quantum computer
state-dependent light shifts in neutral atoms". arXiv:2512.14611 [physics.atom-ph]. Ilikj, Branislav; Vitanov, Nikolay V. (2025-09-08). "Ramsey Interferometry with
Qudit
Austrian quantum physicist (born 1945)
Zeilinger's earliest work is perhaps his least known. His work on neutron interferometry has provided a foundation for his later research. As a member of the
Anton_Zeilinger
Optical interference pattern of concentric rings
surfaces. When viewed with white light, it forms a concentric ring pattern of rainbow colors because the different wavelengths of light interfere at different
Newton's_rings
Star in the constellation Virgo
telescope or special techniques such as speckle interferometry, adaptive optics or optical interferometry to resolve the individual components. The last
Gamma_Virginis
interferometer, which is also the underlying principle for the white-light interferometry. Monochromatic light is illuminated vertically on the rear side of a transparent
Single_colour_reflectometry
Quantum mechanical waves describing matter
the micrometre range. Using Bragg diffraction of atoms and a Ramsey interferometry technique, the de Broglie wavelength of cold sodium atoms was explicitly
Matter_wave
Telescope for observations with visible light
with good results. See adaptive optics, speckle imaging and optical interferometry. Astronomy Astrophotography Amateur telescope making Bahtinov mask Binoculars
Optical_telescope
Property in optics
microscopy, differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC), or interferometry. Zernike phase-contrast microscopy introduces a phase shift to the low
Refractive_index
Brightest star in Earth's night sky
20720501H. Hanbury Brown, R.; Twiss, R. Q. (1958). "Interferometry of the Intensity Fluctuations in Light. IV. A Test of an Intensity Interferometer on Sirius
Sirius
Brightest star in the constellation Orion
appear as a single blue-white point of light to the naked eye. This system is located at a distance of approximately 850 light-years (260 pc). A star of
Rigel
Rotational center of the Milky Way galaxy
Division of Radiophysics at the CSIRO, led by Joseph Lade Pawsey, used sea interferometry to discover some of the first interstellar and intergalactic radio sources
Galactic_Center
Laser light source
frequencies—so it took the same name. Optical parametric oscillator SU(1,1) interferometry Jarota, Arkadiusz; Pastorczak, Ewa; Tawfik, Walid; Xue, Bing; Kania
Optical_parametric_amplifier
Constellation near the celestial equator
(2006). "Resolving the Effects of Rotation in Altair with Long-Baseline Interferometry". The Astrophysical Journal. 636 (2): 1087–1097. arXiv:astro-ph/0509236
Aquila_(constellation)
Wolf–Rayet star in the constellation Dorado
times fainter than the cluster and can only be resolved using speckle interferometry. In 1960, a group of astronomers working at the Radcliffe Observatory
R136a1
Object that reflects an image
An atomic mirror reflects matter waves and can be used for atomic interferometry and atomic holography. The first mirrors used by humans were most likely
Mirror
Red giant star in the constellation Cetus
2006), "Tests of stellar model atmospheres by optical interferometry. IV. VINCI interferometry and UVES spectroscopy of Menkar", Astronomy and Astrophysics
Alpha_Ceti
Blue-white giant star in the constellation of Taurus
ə-LEK-trə), designated 17 Tauri, is a blue-white giant star in the constellation of Taurus located approximately 440 light years away. It is the third-brightest
Electra_(star)
Optical phenomenon
white light is incident on a thin film, this effect produces colorful reflections. Thin-film interference explains the multiple colors seen in light reflected
Thin-film_interference
Additive primary color visible between cyan and yellow
applications, including pointing, illumination, surgery, laser light shows, spectroscopy, interferometry, fluorescence, holography, machine vision, non-lethal
Green
Gravitational wave observatory site
United States with the aim of detecting gravitational waves by laser interferometry. Two additional, smaller gravitational wave observatories are now operational
LIGO
Optical telescope at the Special Astrophysical Observatory in southern Russia
the infrared, speckle interferometry can be used for observations in visible and near UV bands. In addition, speckle interferometry is realizable under
BTA-6
Brightest star in the constellation Aquila
(2006). "Resolving the Effects of Rotation in Altair with Long-Baseline Interferometry". The Astrophysical Journal. 636 (2): 1087–1097. arXiv:astro-ph/0509236
Altair
Star system in the constellation Taurus
W. I.; McAlister, H. A. (1984). "Binary stars unresolved by speckle interferometry. III". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 96:
Alcyone_(star)
medium restores the ideal interference conditions. In immersion Mirau interferometry, the interference patterns needed to reproduce the image are acquired
Mirau_interferometer
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
Hough, Jim; Rowan, Sheila (2000), "Gravitational Wave Detection by Interferometry (Ground and Space)", Living Reviews in Relativity, 3 (1): 3, Bibcode:2000LRR
General_relativity
Constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
Structure of the Red Supergiant VY CMa based on VLTI/AMBER spectro-interferometry". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 540: L12. arXiv:1203.5194. Bibcode:2012A&A
Canis_Major
The angular diameters of stars can be measured directly using stellar interferometry. Other methods can use lunar occultations or from eclipsing binaries
List_of_largest_stars
Red dwarf star in the constellation Ophiuchus
terrestrial planets were always going to be difficult to detect. NASA's Space Interferometry Mission, which was to begin searching for extrasolar Earth-like planets
Barnard's_Star
Variable star in the constellation Leo
although it should be easily detected with modern observations. Speckle interferometry observations made during 2009 to 2023 did not detect the companion,
Rho_Leonis
English polymath (1773–1829)
Interference of Light. Springer. p. 65. ISBN 9780817623166. Nolte, David D. (2023). Interference: The History of Optical Interferometry and the Scientists
Thomas_Young_(scientist)
Color reproduction capability
spectroscopy, holography, biomedical research, fluorescence, reprographics, interferometry, semiconductor inspection, remote detection, optical data storage, image
Gamut
Radio telescope at Jodrell Bank Observatory, Cheshire, England
investigation into the size and nature of quasars drove the development of interferometry techniques in the 1950s; the Lovell telescope had an advantage because
Lovell_Telescope
American engineering scientist (1929–2026)
in composite and advanced materials. In 1979 he invented a white light Moire interferometry technique and later authored "High Sensitivity Moiré: Experimental
Daniel_Post
Choice of colors used in design
direction, seasonality, or data from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry, which is used to display Earth's surface displacement. Cyclic schemes
Color_scheme
Star in the constellation Lyra
envelope of this star is 10,080 K, giving it the blue-white hue typical of a B-type star. The interferometry-measured angular diameter of this star is 0.753±0
Gamma_Lyrae
Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
Motion Measurement of the Red Supergiant, Pz Cas, in Very Long Baseline Interferometry H2O Maser Astrometry". The Astrophysical Journal. 774 (2): 107. arXiv:1308
Cassiopeia_(constellation)
NASA concept study of an array of space telescopes
Program Space Interferometry Mission – Cancelled NASA space telescope Mullen, Leslie (2 June 2011). "Rage Against the Dying of the Light". Astrobiology
Terrestrial_Planet_Finder
Star in the constellation Hydra
luminosity class III. The angular diameter has been measured using interferometry, after correction for limb darkening, it yields a value of 9.693±0.046 mas
Alphard
Effort to find civilizations not from Earth
located within 420 light years of Earth and to transmitters that are 1,000 times more powerful than Arecibo located within 13,000 light years of Earth. The
Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence
WHITE LIGHT-INTERFEROMETRY
WHITE LIGHT-INTERFEROMETRY
Surname or Lastname
English
English : presumably a nickname for a strong man.
Boy/Male
Australian, Portuguese
White; Blond; Fair-one
Biblical
luminous; white,light-giving
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a watchman, Anglo-Norman French waite (of Germanic origin; compare Wachter), or from the same word in its original abstract/collective sense, ‘the watch’. There may also have been some late confusion with White.
Boy/Male
British, English
Guard
Girl/Female
Indian
Divine lights, White
Boy/Male
Hindu
Divine lights, White
Girl/Female
Celebrity, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Light White; Light
Girl/Female
Tamil
Divyata | திவà¯à®¯à®¤à®¾
Divine lights, White
Divyata | திவà¯à®¯à®¤à®¾
Girl/Female
British, English
Bright; Pure; Name of Colour
Girl/Female
Indian
White Light
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from White.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a happy, cheerful person, from Middle English lyght, Old English lēoht ‘light’ (not dark), ‘bright’, ‘cheerful’.English : nickname for someone who was busy and active, from Middle English lyght, Old English līoht ‘light’ (not heavy), ‘nimble’, ‘quick’. The two words lēoht and līoht were originally distinct, but they were confused in English from an early period.English : nickname for a small person, from Middle English lite, Old English l̄t ‘little’, influenced by lyght as in 1 and 2.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived at the top of a hill or on a piece of raised ground, from Middle English heyt ‘summit’, ‘height’.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and Irish
English, Scottish, and Irish : from Middle English whit ‘white’, hence a nickname for someone with white hair or an unnaturally pale complexion. In some cases it represents a Middle English personal name, from an Old English byname, Hwīt(a), of this origin. As a Scottish and Irish surname it has been widely used as a translation of the many Gaelic names based on bán ‘white’ (see Bain 1) or fionn ‘fair’ (see Finn 1). There has also been some confusion with Wight.Translated form of cognate and equivalent names in other languages, such as German Weiss, French Blanc, Polish Białas (see Bialas), etc.Peregrine White (1620–1704), brother of Resolved, was born in Cape Cod harbor on board the Mayflower, thus becoming the first child of English descent to be born in New England. His father, William White, was the son of the rector of Barham, near Ipswich, Suffolk, England; he died in 1621 during the first winter at Plymouth Colony.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a variant of Whitton.
Surname or Lastname
English (Nottingham)
English (Nottingham) : variant of White.Possibly also an Americanized spelling of German Witt.
Boy/Male
British, English
White
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
Girl/Female
African, Basque, French, Hindu, Indian, Japanese, Swahili
Beautiful; White; Light
WHITE LIGHT-INTERFEROMETRY
WHITE LIGHT-INTERFEROMETRY
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Flower
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nityanta | நிதà¯à®¯à®‚தா
Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Goddess Durga
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Protector of Water
Girl/Female
Muslim
Guidance
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Beauty and Light
Girl/Female
English
Maiden.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
One who Love Promise
Boy/Male
German
Power of an Eagle
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English chirie, cherye ‘cherry’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a grower or seller of cherries, or possibly a nickname for someone with rosy cheeks.Probably in some cases a translation name of German Kirsch.
WHITE LIGHT-INTERFEROMETRY
WHITE LIGHT-INTERFEROMETRY
WHITE LIGHT-INTERFEROMETRY
WHITE LIGHT-INTERFEROMETRY
WHITE LIGHT-INTERFEROMETRY
imp. & p. p.
of White
superl
Having light; not dark or obscure; bright; clear; as, the apartment is light.
v. i.
To feel light; to be made happy.
superl.
Well leavened; not heavy; as, light bread.
superl
White or whitish; not intense or very marked; not of a deep shade; moderately colored; as, a light color; a light brown; a light complexion.
superl.
Not copious or heavy; not dense; not inconsiderable; as, a light rain; a light snow; light vapors.
n.
A firework made by filling a case with a substance which burns brilliantly with a white or colored flame; as, a Bengal light.
v. i.
To grow white; to turn or become white or whiter; as, the hair whitens with age; the sea whitens with foam; the trees in spring whiten with blossoms.
a.
White as snow; very white.
superl.
Slight; not important; as, a light error.
superl.
Not heavily armed; armed with light weapons; as, light troops; a troop of light horse.
v. t.
To make white; to bleach; to blanch; to whitewash; as, to whiten a wall; to whiten cloth.
n.
Something having the color of snow; something white, or nearly so; as, the white of the eye.
n.
To give light to; to illuminate; to fill with light; to spread over with light; -- often with up.
n.
A person with a white skin; a member of the white, or Caucasian, races of men.
n.
A white pigment; as, Venice white.
v. i.
To be illuminated; to receive light; to brighten; -- with up; as, the room lights up very well.
n.
To attend or conduct with a light; to show the way to by means of a light.
v. t.
To make white; to whiten; to whitewash; to bleach.