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Chemical compound
into red phosphorus), for this reason, impure white phosphorus is called yellow phosphorus. White phosphorus is the first allotrope of phosphorus that was
White_phosphorus
Incendiary munition
White phosphorus munitions are weapons that use one of the common allotropes of the chemical element phosphorus. White phosphorus is used in smoke, illumination
White_phosphorus_munition
Chemical element with atomic number 15 (P)
nature. Elemental phosphorus can be prepared artificially, the two most common allotropes being white phosphorus and red phosphorus. With 31P as its only
Phosphorus
Solid forms of the element phosphorus
allotropes are also known. Gaseous phosphorus exists as diphosphorus and atomic phosphorus. White phosphorus, yellow phosphorus or simply tetraphosphorus (P4)
Allotropes_of_phosphorus
Device for lighting fires
of red dyes, not the red phosphorus content. Friction matches made with white phosphorus as well as those made from phosphorus sesquisulfide can be struck
Match
Form of phosphorus
red solid that is stable in air. Amorphous red phosphorus is easily obtained when exposing white phosphorus to sunlight or heating, which was discovered
Red_phosphorus
Disease caused by phosphorus exposure
as phosphorus necrosis of the jaw, was an occupational disease affecting those who worked with white phosphorus (also known as yellow phosphorus) without
Phossy_jaw
2005 documentary film
chemical weapons, particularly the use of incendiary bombs containing white phosphorus, and alleges that insurgents and civilians, including children, had
Fallujah,_The_Hidden_Massacre
showed Israel had used white phosphorus munitions. The claim was confirmed by the Washington Post, which identified two white phosphorus shell casings made
Israeli_war_crimes
2019 video game reboot
criticized for its inclusion of white phosphorus strikes as a killstreak in the multiplayer. Use of white phosphorus as an incendiary agent is regulated
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare (2019 video game)
Call_of_Duty:_Modern_Warfare_(2019_video_game)
Global manufacturer of mineral based products
similar project planned in Spain was also cancelled. ICL supplies white phosphorus munition to the United States Armed Forces and commercial customers
ICL_Group_Ltd.
and white phosphorus against Armenian civilians. In late October and early November, Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of using white phosphorus on
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
War_crimes_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War
overall burning time. The M15 is a white phosphorus smoke grenade, nicknamed Willie Peter or Willie Pete (for white phosphorus), used for screening and signaling
United_States_hand_grenades
Chemical compound
with white phosphorus. Later during the same year, the English chemist Humphry Davy produced phosphorus trichloride by burning white phosphorus in chlorine
Phosphorus_trichloride
Class of chemical compounds
Phosphorus sulfides comprise a family of inorganic compounds containing only phosphorus and sulfur. These compounds have the formula P4Sn with n ≤ 10
Phosphorus_sulfides
the production the nerve agents sarin and soman. Israel's uses of white phosphorus and tear gas have also been alleged to violate the Chemical Weapons
Israel and weapons of mass destruction
Israel_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
2004 battle of the Iraq War
conflict, including for American troops. It was also noted for the use of white phosphorus by U.S. forces. In February 2004, control of Fallujah and the surrounding
Second_Battle_of_Fallujah
1888 labour dispute in the UK
composition of white phosphorus (also known as yellow phosphorus), potassium chlorate, antimony sulphide, powdered glass and colouring. The level of white phosphorus
Matchgirls'_strike
Chemical compound
Phosphorus pentoxide is a chemical compound with molecular formula P4O10 (with its common name derived from its empirical formula, P2O5). This white crystalline
Phosphorus_pentoxide
Signaling and screening device
filled with white phosphorus (WP), a pyrophoric agent that is spread quickly into a cloud by an internal bursting charge. White phosphorus burns with a
Smoke_grenade
Armed conflict in the Gaza Strip
Intelligence Corps defended the Israeli Army's use of white phosphorus. The soldier noted, "White phosphorus is used because it provides an instant smokescreen
Gaza_War_(2008–2009)
Chemical compound
did not pose the health hazards of white phosphorus. This yellow solid is one of two commercially produced phosphorus sulfides. It is a component of "strike
Phosphorus_sesquisulfide
showed Israel had used white phosphorus munitions. The claim was confirmed by the Washington Post, which identified two white phosphorus shell casings made
Hezbollah–Israel conflict (2023–present)
Hezbollah–Israel_conflict_(2023–present)
Chemical compound
Phosphorus monoxide is an unstable radical inorganic compound with molecular formula PO. Phosphorus monoxide is notable as one of the few molecular compounds
Phosphorus_monoxide
have employed white phosphorus artillery rounds; Israel denied the report, calling the accusation "unequivocally false". White phosphorus munitions are
War_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war
Although phosphorus (15P) has 22 known isotopes from 26P to 47P, only 31P is stable; Phosphorus is thus considered a monoisotopic element. 31P is also
Isotopes_of_phosphorus
Violations of laws of war
16 and 17 October showed Israel had used white phosphorus munitions. In Lebanon, Israel's white phosphorus bombs have destroyed over 4.5 million sq m
Israeli war crimes in the Gaza war
Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war
Former British chemical manufacturer
of potassium chlorate and white phosphorus for the match industry. For much of its first 100 years of existence, phosphorus-derived chemicals formed the
Albright_and_Wilson
Pyrotechnic composition to generate smoke
required for people coming into contact with the zinc chloride smoke. White phosphorus is a popular base for smoke production. It is used in artillery shells
Smoke_composition
Battle in the Syrian civil war
they said were consistent with the use of white phosphorus. Turkey rejected accusations it used white phosphorus. On 18 October, a large convoy of 80 cars
Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2019)
Russo-Ukrainian War.[citation needed] Russians were accused of using white phosphorus bombs multiple times; in the Battle of Kyiv and against Kramatorsk
Use of incendiary weapons in the Russo-Ukrainian war
Use_of_incendiary_weapons_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war
Chemical artillery shell
was later repurposed as a white phosphorus smoke round for marking, signaling, and screening purposes. The white phosphorus variants of the shell also
M110_155_mm_projectile
Incendiary grenade
Wilson bomb) and SIP grenade (self-igniting phosphorus grenade), was an incendiary grenade based on white phosphorus used during World War II. On 29 July 1940
No. 76 special incendiary grenade
No._76_special_incendiary_grenade
Chemical compound
identical to the structure of phosphorus pentoxide. Phosphorus pentasulfide is obtained by the reaction of liquid white phosphorus (P4) with sulfur above 300 °C
Phosphorus_pentasulfide
horrific burns white phosphorus causes on contact with skin. Initially, Israeli officials categorically denied that its forces used white phosphorus weapons
IDF admissions to misconduct after initial denials
IDF_admissions_to_misconduct_after_initial_denials
Chemical artillery shell
(distilled mustard). As early as the 1960s, the shell was also filled with white phosphorus to be used for obscuration and signaling. Following World War I, militaries
M104_155_mm_projectile
1979 to present, multiple conflicts
convicted. White phosphorus has been condemned by human rights organizations as cruel and inhumane because it causes severe burns. White phosphorus burns on
War_crimes_in_Afghanistan
Chemical compound
Phosphorus triiodide (PI3) is an inorganic compound with the formula PI3. A red solid, it is too unstable to be stored for long periods of time; it is
Phosphorus_triiodide
2007 mass shooting in Baghdad, Iraq
The three justifiable killings were those of the two passengers in the white Kia sedan and an unidentified Iraqi nearby. A Blackwater spokeswoman responded
Nisour_Square_massacre
US infantry mortar
cloud, the white phosphorus shell detonates to expose its filler to the air, causing it to spontaneously ignite and generate a thick cloud of white or grey
M2_mortar
2003 Iraq War photograph
Square massacre (2007) Iraq War Logs (2010) Chemical weapons Use of white phosphorus by the United States (2004–2005) Torture and abuse Abu Ghraib prison
The_Hooded_Man
2003–2011 conflict in Iraq
that US forces had used white phosphorus as an incendiary weapon there against enemy combatants. The use of white phosphorus against civilian populations
Iraq_War
Chemical compound hydrogen phosphide
heating white phosphorus in an aqueous solution of potash (potassium carbonate). Perhaps because of its strong association with elemental phosphorus, phosphine
Phosphine
Ongoing conflict in the Middle East
ordering nearby Lebanese towns to evacuate. Israel struck Yohmor with white phosphorus, illegal under international law, causing several homes to catch fire
2026_Lebanon_war
American air-dropped incendiary bomb
agent, making it more difficult to put out once ignited, as well as white phosphorus. The effects of MK-77 bombs are similar to those of napalm. The official
Mark_77_bomb
Mine in Myanmar
spots and burns over much of their bodies, which indicate the use of white phosphorus in the incendiary devices. Lawyers Network and Justice Trust. an unofficial
Letpadaung_Copper_Mine
considered their injuries to bare a strong resemblance with those caused by white phosphorus munitions. Witnesses attributed responsibility for the attacks to Ethiopian
War_crimes_in_the_Tigray_war
Type of improvised incendiary weapon
commonly known as the SIP (Self-Igniting Phosphorus) grenade. The perfected list of ingredients was white phosphorus, benzene, water and a two-inch strip
Molotov_cocktail
Israel bombing raid
Hezbollah. Israel said it targeted Hezbollah "assets." and allegedly used white phosphorus to attack the medical center. The airstrike took place in the early
2024 Beirut medical center airstrike
2024_Beirut_medical_center_airstrike
Border conflict in Southeast Asia
Heng Ratan that a shell containing white phosphorus had been discovered, the RTA acknowledged the use of white phosphorus munitions. The army stated that
2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis
2025_Cambodian–Thai_border_crisis
Change of enthalpy during the formation of a compound from its elements
pressure. One exception is phosphorus, for which the most stable form at 1 bar is black phosphorus, but white phosphorus is chosen as the standard reference
Standard enthalpy of formation
Standard_enthalpy_of_formation
US Army Air Forces WWII incendiary bomblet
powder in the standard M-69 type deployed operationally during WW2, white phosphorus in a later modification, the M-69X, which did not see wide use) ignited
M69_incendiary
2012 video game
"Damned" 33rd emerged victorious, and Konrad executes his own staff with white phosphorus. The CIA then sent in a black ops squad to investigate, and as part
Spec_Ops:_The_Line
Hand grenade
The M34 white phosphorus smoke grenade was a smoke / incendiary grenade manufactured by Rocky Mountain Arsenal from the late 1950s and used by U.S. forces
M34_grenade
international conventions by engaging in chemical warfare, particularly with white phosphorus munitions. The intensity of Israel's military offensives into the Gaza
List of humanitarian and human rights groups accusing Israel of genocide in Gaza
List_of_humanitarian_and_human_rights_groups_accusing_Israel_of_genocide_in_Gaza
Part of the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
containing white phosphorus, phosphide or flammable liquid or gel or hypergolic liquid). Group H: Article containing both an explosive substance and white phosphorus
Explosives shipping classification system
Explosives_shipping_classification_system
Infantry mortar
890 m). WP M375A2 (White Phosphorus): Minimum range 79 yards (72 m), maximum range 5,180 yards (4,737 m). WP M370 (White Phosphorus): Minimum range 57
M29_mortar
Molecule composed of one element
Homonuclear tetratomic molecules include yellow arsenic (As4) and white phosphorus (P4). The concept of homonuclear molecules is closely related to that
Homonuclear_molecule
Solid consisting of discrete molecules
For example, solid phosphorus can crystallize as different allotropes called "white", "red", and "black" phosphorus. White phosphorus forms molecular crystals
Molecular_solid
American 2.75-inch rocket
(3.9 kg) (w/o Fuze) 2.3 lb (1.0 kg) Comp B-4 HE M423 1,2,5,7,8 M156 White phosphorus munitions (WP) 9.65 lb (4.38 kg) 2.2 lb (1.00 kg) WP M423 M429 1,2
Hydra_70
Gelled incendiary mixture
incendiary bomblet Mark 77 bomb – American air-dropped incendiary bomb White phosphorus munition – Incendiary munition Molotov cocktail – Type of improvised
Napalm
US Army Air Forces NCO and Medal of Honor recipient
Asia-Pacific theater. During a 1945 bombing mission over Koriyama, Japan, a white phosphorus bomb prematurely ignited in his aircraft and seriously wounded him
Henry_E._Erwin
Hand grenade
The No. 77 grenade was a British white phosphorus grenade introduced in September 1943 and used during the Second World War. The No. 77 consisted of around
No_77_grenade
American bombardment of Fallujah, Iraq
ambassador to London, denied that white phosphorus was deployed as a weapon: "US forces do not use napalm or white phosphorus as weapons." On November 13,
Fallujah_during_the_Iraq_War
Airborne obscurant using gas and particulates
type of smoke grenade is filled with white phosphorus (WP), which is spread by explosive action. The phosphorus catches fire in the presence of air, and
Smoke_screen
Multidisciplinary research group
Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons on the use of airburst white phosphorus munitions in urban environments, in regard to the Israeli attacks on
Forensic_Architecture
German single-shot incendiary weapon
bursting charge and friction through the air changes the red phosphorus to white phosphorus which then self-ignites as it spreads. When burst in flight
Handflammpatrone
2006 execution of the former Iraqi president
Square massacre (2007) Iraq War Logs (2010) Chemical weapons Use of white phosphorus by the United States (2004–2005) Torture and abuse Abu Ghraib prison
Execution_of_Saddam_Hussein
2003 U.S. military operation in the Iraq War
Square massacre (2007) Iraq War Logs (2010) Chemical weapons Use of white phosphorus by the United States (2004–2005) Torture and abuse Abu Ghraib prison
Capture_of_Saddam_Hussein
Hypothetical organic molecule with a tetrahedral structure
describe a class of molecules and ions with related structure, e.g. white phosphorus. Tetrahedrane (C4H4) is one of the possible platonic hydrocarbons and
Tetrahedrane
Weapons intended to start fires
such as napalm, thermite, magnesium powder, chlorine trifluoride, or white phosphorus. Though colloquially often called "bombs", they are not explosives
Incendiary_device
Australian brand of matches
Initially they were made of white phosphorus. In 1946 Bryant & May began making safety matches in Australia, using red phosphorus as the striking surface
Redheads_(matches)
Series of related conflicts since the 2003 invasion of Iraq
Square massacre (2007) Iraq War Logs (2010) Chemical weapons Use of white phosphorus by the United States (2004–2005) Torture and abuse Abu Ghraib prison
Iraqi_conflict
Unguided man-portable recoilless antitank rocket
fin assembly of the M6A1, but replaced the anti-tank warhead with a white phosphorus (WP) smoke head. WP smoke not only acts as a visibility screen, but
Bazooka
French chemist
years earlier, where he used antimony sulfide instead of white phosphorus. However, the phosphorus matches became more popular, mostly because of the reduced
Charles_Sauria
Experimental United States incendiary landmine
trip wire activated. It contained 15.3 lbs (6.9 kg) of plasticized white phosphorus. Approximately 200 were shipped to Vietnam in August 1968, and some
XM-54_mine
Property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms
maintain distinct allotropes in different physical phases; for example, phosphorus has numerous solid allotropes, which all revert to the same P4 form when
Allotropy
2004 American military scandal
original on October 17, 2009. Retrieved April 3, 2012. Smith, R. Jeffrey; White, Josh (June 12, 2004). "General Granted Latitude At Prison". The Washington
Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse
Sunken US WWII ship in the Thames, London, England
clusters Various explosive booster charges, smoke bombs (including white phosphorus bombs) and pyrotechnic signals One of the reasons that the explosives
SS_Richard_Montgomery
American 155 mm towed howitzer
1 km (18.7 mi). White phosphorus A base-ejecting projectile which can come in two versions: felt-wedge and standard. White phosphorus smoke is used to
M198_howitzer
Iran of using white phosphorus in Erbil strike". Shafaq News. 19 June 2026. Retrieved 20 July 2026. "PAK says Iran used white phosphorus in drone attack
2026 Iranian strikes on the Kurdistan Region
2026_Iranian_strikes_on_the_Kurdistan_Region
Rule stating that the less stable polymorphs crystallize first
rhombic polymorph. A dramatic example is phosphorus, which upon sublimation first forms the less stable white phosphorus, which only slowly polymerizes to the
Ostwald's_rule
Chemical compound
Phosphorus trioxide is the chemical compound with the molecular formula P4O6. Although the molecular formula suggests the name tetraphosphorus hexoxide
Phosphorus_trioxide
as white phosphorus and flechette shells which human rights groups have said violate laws on distinction. The Israeli military used white phosphorus munitions
War crimes in the Gaza War (2008–2009)
War_crimes_in_the_Gaza_War_(2008–2009)
Experimental WWII U.S. incendiary weapon
the bats with white phosphorus, American chemist Louis Fieser, Griffen's former roommate at Harvard, joined the team and white phosphorus was replaced
Bat_bomb
Recoilless anti-tank weapon
anti-tank HEAT round (T20E2 / M307), an HE round (T22 / M306), a Smoke (White Phosphorus) "bursting smoke" round (T23 / M308), and a Training Practice round
M18_recoilless_rifle
Politically motivated euphemism for French fries
fries"?". The Face. January 28, 2020. Retrieved February 13, 2024. Dan White (September 7, 2003). "Santa Cruz Makes Its Mark On The World". Santa Cruz
Freedom_fries
17th-century German alchemist
elemental phosphorus P, which comes off as a gas. Phosphorus condenses to a liquid below about 280 °C and then solidifies (to the white phosphorus allotrope)
Hennig_Brand
Battle during the 2026 Lebanon War
Reports from the town suggested that the IDF pursued artillery and white phosphorus shelling against positions. Hezbollah reported about allegedly ambushing
Battle_of_Khiam_(2026)
UN 1381 4.2 Phosphorus, white dry or Phosphorus, white, under water or Phosphorus white, in solution or Phosphorus, yellow dry or Phosphorus, yellow, under
List of UN numbers 1301 to 1400
List_of_UN_numbers_1301_to_1400
Group 15 elements of the periodic table with valency 5
group or nitrogen family. Group 15 consists of the elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), and moscovium (Mc). The
Pnictogen
Thermodynamics material reference point
carbon, and the β-phase (white tin) in the case of tin. An exception is white phosphorus, the most common allotrope of phosphorus, which is defined as the
Standard_state
Group of chemical elements
room temperature the same becomes true of groups 1 and 15, assuming white phosphorus is taken as the standard state. All of the halogens form acids when
Halogen
Operation of the Iraq War
2010. John Pike. "Fallujah". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 19 May 2011. White, Garry R. (2005). "USS George Washington (CVN-73) Command History [for the
First_Battle_of_Fallujah
Weapons used in the Vietnam war
and M34 smoke grenades – filled with white phosphorus, which ignites on contact with air and creates thick white smoke. Used for signalling and screening
List of weapons of the Vietnam War
List_of_weapons_of_the_Vietnam_War
this reason, white phosphorus that is aged or otherwise impure is also called yellow phosphorus. When exposed to oxygen, white phosphorus glows in the
Properties of nonmetals (and metalloids) by group
Properties_of_nonmetals_(and_metalloids)_by_group
2002 phrase from Donald Rumsfeld
Square massacre (2007) Iraq War Logs (2010) Chemical weapons Use of white phosphorus by the United States (2004–2005) Torture and abuse Abu Ghraib prison
There_are_unknown_unknowns
2006 US war crimes in Iraq
Square massacre (2007) Iraq War Logs (2010) Chemical weapons Use of white phosphorus by the United States (2004–2005) Torture and abuse Abu Ghraib prison
Mahmudiyah_rape_and_murders
Australian politician (born 1963)
referring to the Israeli blockade of Gaza, said "Throwing bombs of white phosphorus is not defending yourself, denying 2.3 million people of food, water
Mehreen_Faruqi
2024 animated anthology series
under an overpass. A firefight ensues, and the mercenaries deploy white phosphorus flares to mask their heat signatures, fleeing as the briefcase left
Secret_Level
travel, tourism, insurance
WHITE PHOSPHORUS
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WHITE PHOSPHORUS
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