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Calendar year
Year 281 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Barbula and Philippus (or, less frequently
281_BC
Macedonian officer of Thessalian origin (c. 360–281 BCE)
360 BC – 281 BC) was a Thessalian officer and successor of Alexander the Great who became king of Thrace in 306 BC, western Asia Minor in 301 BC and Macedon
Lysimachus
Macedonian general, Diadochus, and founder of the Seleucid Empire
Σέλευκος Νικάτωρ, Séleukos Nikátōr, "Seleucus the Victorious"; c. 358 BC – 281 BC) was a Macedonian Greek general, officer and successor of Alexander the
Seleucus_I_Nicator
Country in West Asia
first unified under the Medes in the 7th century BC and reached its territorial height in the 6th century BC, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid
Iran
Wars between Alexander the Great's successors, 322–272 BC
two major dynasties of the Hellenistic world. The battle of Corupedium in 281 BC, left Seleucus I as the only living successor among the original Diadochi
Wars_of_the_Diadochi
Royal family of the Seleucid Empire
Roman Republic's annexation of their territory in 64 BC under Pompey the Great. Seleucus (c. 358 – 281 BC) served as an officer of Alexander the Great, commanding
Seleucid_dynasty
Former dynasty of Pontus (281 - 47 BC)
Persian origin, founded by Mithridates I Ktistes (Mithridates III of Cius) in 281 BC. The origins of the dynasty were located in the highest circles of the ruling
Mithridatic_dynasty
One hundred years, from 300 BC to 201 BC
successor civilization to the Olmecs in Mesoamerica. 285 BC: The Pharos of Alexandria is completed. 281 BC: Antiochus I Soter, on the assassination of his father
3rd_century_BC
Ruler of the Seleucid Empire from 281 to 261 BC
324/3 – 2 June 261 BC) was a Greco-Sogdian Seleucid king of the Seleucid Empire. Antiochus succeeded his father Seleucus I Nicator in 281 BC and reigned during
Antiochus_I_Soter
281 BC–62 AD kingdom in northern Anatolia
kingdom was proclaimed by Mithridates I in 281 BC and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63 BC. The Kingdom of Pontus reached its greatest
Kingdom_of_Pontus
King of Macedonia in 281–279 BC
was involved in court intrigue that led to the fall of that kingdom in 281 BC to Seleucus I, whom he then assassinated. He then seized the throne of Macedon
Ptolemy_Ceraunus
Last pre-Islamic Iranian empire (224–651 AD)
(2005), p. 87. Hourani (2005), p. 9. Eiland, Murray L. (2004). "West Asia 300 BC–AD 600". In Onians, John (ed.). Atlas of World Art. Laurence King Publishing
Sasanian_Empire
Iran under the Safavid dynasty from 1501 to 1736
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Safavid_Iran
Syria and Anatolia. His empire was the Seleucid Empire. He was killed in 281 BC by Ptolemy Keraunos. The Parthian Empire—ruled by the Parthians, a group
History_of_Iran
Greek state during the Hellenistic period
of Pergamon and the surrounding regions; Lysimachus died soon after in 281 BC. The new kingdom was initially in a vassal-like relationship of nominal
Kingdom_of_Pergamon
Iran under Qajar dynasty (1789–1925)
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Qajar_Iran
Hellenistic state in West Asia (312–63 BC)
The Seleukid Empire, 281–222 BC: War within the Family. Swansea. pp. 173–196. Erickson, Kyle (2018). The Seleukid Empire 281–222 BC: War Within the Family
Seleucid_Empire
Revolution in Iran from 1978 to 1979
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Iranian_Revolution
Queen of Macedonia
Lysandra (Greek: Λυσάνδρα, meaning "Liberator, Emancipator"; lived 281 BC) was a Queen of Macedonia, daughter of Ptolemy I Soter to Eurydice or Berenice
Lysandra
1256–1335 Post-Mongol Empire khanate in Iran
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Ilkhanate
Iranian religion founded by Zoroaster
flourished in eastern Iran at a much earlier date (anywhere from 1500 to 900 B.C.) than once thought. Patrick Karl O'Brien, ed. Atlas&pg=PA45 of World History
Zoroastrianism
Turco-Mongol empire (1370–1507)
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Timurid_Empire
Ancient Iranian empire, 550–330 BC
dynasty. It was founded by Mithridates I in 281 BC and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63 BC. The kingdom grew to its largest extent under
Achaemenid_Empire
Iran under the Pahlavi dynasty from 1925 to 1979
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Pahlavi_Iran
279 BCE battle between Greeks and Gauls
toward Greece in the southern Balkans reached its turning point in 281 BC. In 280 BC a great army, comprising about 85,000 warriors, approached from Pannonia
Battle of Thermopylae (279 BC)
Battle_of_Thermopylae_(279_BC)
a text wherein Antiochus I Soter (r. 281–261 BC) calls himself, and his father Seleucus I Nicator (r. 305–281 BC), by the title 'king of Babylon', alongside
List_of_kings_of_Babylon
naming the cow that bore them. Unless otherwise noted, bulls from 321-50 BC are taken from Thompson 2012, pp. 263–283 Thompson 2012, p. 106. Thompson
List_of_Apis_bulls
Early Bronze Age writing system in present-day Iran
base-120, also uses a decimal system. Beginning around the 9th millennium BC, a token based system came into use in various parts of the ancient Near East
Proto-Elamite_script
Battle in 281 BC
Diadochi, the rival successors to Alexander the Great. It was fought in 281 BC between the armies of Lysimachus and Seleucus I Nicator. Lysimachus had
Battle_of_Corupedium
Ancient pre-Iranian civilization between 3200 and 539 BC
Chalcolithic period (Copper Age). The emergence of written records from around 3000 BC also parallels Sumerian history, where slightly earlier records have been
Elam
Calendar year
Greek historian (d. 327 BC) Lysimachus, Macedonian diadochus (d. 281 BC) Pyrrho of Elis, Greek skeptic philosopher (d. c. 270 BC) Agesilaus II, Eurypontid
360_BC
Highest political and religious office in Iran
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Supreme_Leader_of_Iran
War fought by Pyrrhus of Epirus in Italy and Sicily against Rome and Carthage
The Pyrrhic War (/ˈpɪrɪk/ PIRR-ik; 281–275 BC) was a conflict fought by Pyrrhus of Epirus and his allies against the Roman Republic, supported by its allies
Pyrrhic_War
Queen of the Seleucid Empire (300 – 294 and 282 – 261 BCE)
"victory of the army", c. 320 BC – 254 BC) was Queen of the Seleucid Empire from 300 BC until 294 BC and from 281 BC until 261 BC. Stratonice of Syria was
Stratonice_of_Syria
King of Qin
King Zhuangxiang of Qin (281– 6 July 247 BCE), personal name Ying Yiren (嬴異人), Ying Ziyi or Ying Zichu, was a king of the state of Qin. He was the father
King_Zhuangxiang_of_Qin
819–999 Sunni Iranian empire in Central Asia
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Samanid_Empire
Ancient state in West Asia
Neo-Elamite Period », in Lanfranchi, Roaf & Rollinger 2003, pp. 181–231 "BC 788 - 550 BC - Empire Median". globalsecurity.org. Retrieved July 30, 2020. Brosius
Median_kingdom
1736–1796 Iranian dynasty of Turkoman origin
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Afsharid_dynasty
(334–323 BC) [map] Ptolemaic Kingdom (3) – Africa, Asia, [map] Europe (at its peak) [map] Lysimachian Kingdom (2) – Europe, Asia (306–281 BC) [map] Seleucid
List of former transcontinental countries
List_of_former_transcontinental_countries
Iran under the Zand dynasty from 1751 to 1794
architecture being revived from nearby sites of pre-Islamic Achaemenid (550–330 BC) and Sasanian (224–651 AD) eras. The tombs of the medieval Persian poets Hafez
Zand_Iran
Jimo. In 281, Qi counterattacked by driving cows with burning tails into the Yan camp and defeated them. In the mid to late 4th century BC, the state
Military of the Warring States
Military_of_the_Warring_States
Mountain range in Western Asia
tool making techniques. Signs of early agriculture date back as far as 9000 BC in the foothills of the mountains. Some settlements later grew into cities
Zagros_Mountains
Persianate, Sunni-Muslim Turkoman confederation (1378–1508)
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Aq_Qoyunlu
Iran under Afsharid dynasty from 1736 to 1796
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Afsharid_Iran
Rashidun Caliphate's conquest of the Sasanian Empire
internecine warfare over succession to the Sassanian throne. Since the 1st century BC, the border between the Roman (later Byzantine) and Parthian (later Sasanian)
Muslim_conquest_of_Persia
Small, flat and usually round piece of material used as money
Seleucus Nicator (312–281 BC), Ai Khanoum Antiochus I (281–261 BC), Ai Khanoum Bilingual coin of Indo-Greek king Antialcidas (105–95 BC) Bilingual coin of
Coin
Proposed early Bronze Age culture in Iran
Intercultural style or the Halilrud style, is an early Bronze Age (3rd millennium BC) archaeological culture, located in the territory of present-day Sistan and
Jiroft_culture
Late 8th-century–1215 Iranian dynasty from Ghor, modern Afghanistan
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Ghurid_dynasty
Topics referred to by the same term
Quintus Marcius, grandfather of the consul in 281 BC. Quintus Marcius Q.f., father of the consul in 281 BC. Possibly the same person as Quintus Marcius
Quintus_Marcius_Philippus
Head of government
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
President_of_Iran
4th-century BC Greek historian and tyrant of Samos
Duris of Samos (or Douris) (Ancient Greek: Δοῦρις ὁ Σάμιος; c. 350 BC – after 281 BC) was a Greek historian and was at some period tyrant of Samos. Duris
Duris_of_Samos
Iranian empire (247 BC – 224 AD)
major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD. Its latter name comes from its founder, Arsaces I, who led the
Parthian_Empire
Medieval Muslim Turkic dynasty and state (977–1186)
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Ghaznavid_Empire
Ancient Iranian people
known as Media between western and northern Iran. Around the 11th century BC, they occupied the mountainous region of northwestern Iran and the northeastern
Medes
Self-dosing with poison to gain immunity
Mithridates VI's mother held regency over Pontus (a Hellenistic kingdom, 281 BC – 62 AD) until a male heir came of age. Mithridates was in competition with
Mithridatism
Iranian royal dynasty (1925–1979)
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Pahlavi_dynasty
Decade
Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom from 261 BC (d. 246 BC) 281 BC Zhuangxiang of Qin, Chinese king of the Qin State (d. 247 BC) 280 BC Han Fei, Chinese philosopher who
280s_BC
Killings during Iran's cultural revolution
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
1981–1982_Iran_massacres
Political opposition to the Islamic Republic government
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Iranian_opposition
King of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, 284–246 BC
kingdom in 281 BC. Around 279 BC, Arsinoe II returned to Egypt, where she clashed with her sister-in-law Arsinoe I. Some time after 275 BC, Arsinoe I
Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus
Ancient kingdom south of Lake Urmia
in an inscription from the 30th year of the rule of Shalmaneser III (828 BC). The Assyrians usually called Manna the "land of the Mannites", Manash, while
Mannaea
Anatolia during classical antiquity
came to an end in 30 BC with the death of Cleopatra VII (51–30 BC). On the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC Seleucus (321–281 BC) was appointed to
Classical_Anatolia
Shia dynasty in Iran and Iraq (934–1062)
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Buyid_dynasty
Turco-Persianate empire (1037–1194)
Heming; Peng, Jing (14 August 2008). Chinese Lexicography: A History from 1046 BC to AD 1911. OUP Oxford. pp. 379–380. ISBN 978-0-19-156167-2. Falk, Avner (8
Seljuk_Empire
Anti-American political slogan
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Death_to_America
Sociocultural region in West and Central Asia
and Hotan bound to the Iranian history. From the 6th century BC to the 3rd century BC, Bahrain was a prominent part of the Persian Empire under the Achaemenid
Greater_Iran
Political rivals in the aftermath of Alexander the Great's death
symposium. The 2010 symposium, entitled "The Time of the Diadochi (323-281 BC)," held at the University of A Coruña, Spain, represents the current concepts
Diadochi
Gallic people of central Anatolia
West. Suda also used the term Hellenogalatai. Brennus invaded Greece in 281 BC with a huge war band and was turned back before he could plunder the Temple
Galatians_(people)
Greek civilization from 1200 BC to 600 AD
civilization existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity (c. 600 AD), comprising a loose collection
Ancient_Greece
Geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe
king up until his defeat from Seleucus I Nicator in 281 BC at the battle of Corupedium. In 171-168 BC, at the Third Macedonian War the Odryssian king Cotys
Thrace
1335–1432 Persianate Turco-Mongol state in modern Iraq and western Iran
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Jalayirid_Sultanate
Senior national security official in Iran
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council
Secretary_of_the_Supreme_National_Security_Council
the historical record during the Neo-Assyrian Empire, in the 8th century BC. It is a part of the broader prehistory of the Near East. One of the potential
Prehistory_of_Iran
Twelver Shīʿa ruling dynasty of Iran (1501–1736)
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Safavid_dynasty
931–1090 Gilaki dynasty of northern Iran
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Ziyarid_dynasty
Ancient Greek kingdom in the southern Balkans
Soter (r. 305–283 BC) of Egypt's Ptolemaic dynasty, Seleucus I Nicator (r. 305–281 BC) of the Seleucid Empire, and Lysimachus (r. 306–281 BC), King of Thrace
Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)
Persianate, Muslim Turkoman confederation (1374–1468)
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Qara_Qoyunlu
North-Western Iranian language
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Balochi_language
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Borders_of_Iran
861–1002 Eastern Iranian dynasty
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Saffarid_dynasty
connections to Iran go back to the Iron Age when the Neo-Assyrian Empire (935–609 BC) ruled over the Persians, Medes and Elamites. The Assyrian community in Iran
Ethnicities_in_Iran
7th century Iranian dynasty
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Dabuyid_dynasty
Traditional Iranian female garment
a drawing, said to be copied from an Achaemenid relief of the 5th century BC, of an individual with their lower face hidden by a long cloth wrapped around
Chador
1709–1738 Afghan monarchy ruled by Ghilji Pashtuns
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Hotak_dynasty
1980–1988 armed conflict in West Asia
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Iran–Iraq_War
Arab dynasty
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Alid dynasties of northern Iran
Alid_dynasties_of_northern_Iran
Middle Eastern ethnoreligious group
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Mandaeans
Portion of Turkey that is located in South-eastern Europe
in the period called the Diadochi, Alexander's general Lysimachus (360–281 BC) became king of Thrace and established his capital in Lysimachia. The Battle
East_Thrace
Horse-riding game
the 5th century BC (or earlier) to the 1st century AD for its origin by the Persians. During the period of the Parthian Empire (247 BC - 224 AD), the sport
Chovgan
Government official in Iran
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Minister of Foreign Affairs (Iran)
Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Iran)
Topics referred to by the same term
modern-day Turkey Kingdom of Pontus or Pontic Empire, a state founded in 281 BC Diocese of Pontus, a diocese of the later Roman Empire Republic of Pontus
Pontus
2300–675 BC Ancient Near Eastern group of tribes
of Bronze Age tribes who existed and disappeared during the 3rd millennium BC. They were from a region known as Lulubum, now the Sharazor plain of the Zagros
Lullubi
List of links describing conflicts Rome was involved in
domination of Italy is finally crushed. Pyrrhic War (281–272 BC) 281 BC – Siege of Tarentum - Roman victory 280 BC – Battle of Heraclea – First engagement of Roman
List of Roman external wars and battles
List_of_Roman_external_wars_and_battles
821–873 Sunni Persian dynasty of Khorasan; Abbasid vassals
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Tahirid_dynasty
Iranian dynasty (665–1598)
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Baduspanids
Persian parting phrase
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Khuda_Hafiz
Medieval Muslim dynasty in Iran (14th century CE)
Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224
Muzaffarids_(Iran)
Persian traditional system of athletics
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals
Pahlevani_and_zoorkhaneh_rituals
Persian mythological hero of the epic poem Shahnameh
Armenia (321 BC–AD 428) Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17) Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC) Frataraka (c.295–220 BC) Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62) Parthian
Ashkash
633–638 AD invasion of the Sasanid Empire by the Rashidun Caliphate
was the first time since the collapse of the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 539 BC with the Battle of Opis, that Mesopotamia was a under direct rule again by
Arab_conquest_of_Mesopotamia
travel, tourism, insurance
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