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Imbalance in the body's acid-base equilibrium
Metabolic acidosis is a serious electrolyte disorder characterized by an imbalance in the body's acid-base balance. Metabolic acidosis has three main root
Metabolic_acidosis
Biological process which decreases blood pH
in the fetus – see below) while acidosis is used to describe the processes leading to these states. The use of acidosis for a low pH creates an ambiguity
Acidosis
Metabolic medical condition
treat the acidosis. In some situations, hemofiltration (purification of the blood) is temporarily required. In rare chronic forms of lactic acidosis caused
Lactic_acidosis
Medical condition
High anion gap metabolic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis characterized by a high anion gap (a medical value based on the concentrations of ions
High anion gap metabolic acidosis
High_anion_gap_metabolic_acidosis
Decrease in blood pH due to insufficient breathing
HCO3–/pCO2 ratio and decreases pH. Respiratory acidosis can be acute or chronic. In acute respiratory acidosis, the PaCO2 is elevated above the upper limit
Respiratory_acidosis
Medication used to treat diabetes
measurement). Lactic acidosis rarely occurs with metformin exposure during routine medical care. Rates of metformin-associated lactic acidosis are about nine
Metformin
Metabolic acid-base disorder
(7.35), this is called acidemia. The metabolic acidosis caused by RTA is a normal anion gap acidosis. An overview of types 1, 2, and 4 is presented below
Renal_tubular_acidosis
Medical condition
Hyperchloremic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis associated with a normal anion gap, a decrease in plasma bicarbonate concentration, and an increase
Hyperchloremic_acidosis
Mitochondrial disease
MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes) is one of the family of mitochondrial diseases, which also include MIDD
MELAS_syndrome
Difference in quantities of cations and anions in blood or urine
calculated to identify metabolic acidosis. If the gap is greater than normal, then high anion gap metabolic acidosis is diagnosed. The term "anion gap"
Anion_gap
Hyperventilation associated with metabolic acidosis
rate or depth of respiration. In metabolic acidosis, breathing is first rapid and shallow but as acidosis worsens, breathing gradually becomes deep, labored
Kussmaul_breathing
Medical condition
blood lactic acid levels (lactic acidosis), due to pseudohypoxia, which may also contribute to a metabolic acidosis. Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms
Alcoholic_ketoacidosis
Excess urea in the blood due to kidney dysfunction
abnormal mental function, frequent shallow respiration, and metabolic acidosis. Without intervention via dialysis or kidney transplant, uremia due to
Uremia
Medical condition
Union in April 2021. Renal tubular acidosis Proximal renal tubular acidosis Ifosfamide "Osmosis: Renal tubular acidosis". Osmosis. Archived from the original
Distal_renal_tubular_acidosis
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
the blood and urine. It has applications for the treatment of metabolic acidosis and chronic kidney disease. Along with oleic acid, sodium citrate may be
Sodium_citrate
Medical condition
caused by uncontrolled production of ketone bodies that cause a metabolic acidosis. While ketosis refers to any elevation of blood ketones, ketoacidosis is
Ketoacidosis
Respiratory compensation formula
acidosis. He aimed to empirically determine a mathematical expression representing the effect of respiratory compensation during metabolic acidosis.
Winters's_formula
Medical condition
Proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) or type 2 renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a type of RTA caused by a failure of the proximal tubular cells to reabsorb
Proximal renal tubular acidosis
Proximal_renal_tubular_acidosis
Combination of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy
of death is a medical term describing the combination of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy. This combination is commonly seen in patients who have
Trauma_triad_of_death
Muscle disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction
encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like syndrome (MELAS) Varying degrees of cognitive impairment and dementia Lactic acidosis Strokes Transient ischemic
Mitochondrial_myopathy
Change in breathing to restore blood pH
compensation in metabolic acidosis can be estimated using Winters' formula. Hyperventilation due to the compensation for metabolic acidosis persists for 24 to
Respiratory_compensation
Food regurgitated so it can be chewed further
production. This in turn is associated with rumen acidosis, where the rumen pH can fall to 5 or lower. Rumen acidosis is associated with a lowered appetite which
Cud
Medical emergency due to low blood volume
causes the blood to become more acidic (acidosis). The "lethal triad" of ways trauma can lead to death is acidosis, hypothermia, and coagulopathy. It is
Hypovolemic_shock
Medical condition
inheritance. Congenital lactic acidosis can be caused by mutations on the X chromosome or in mitochondrial DNA. Congenital lactic acidosis can be suspected based
Congenital_lactic_acidosis
Medical condition
anion gap acidosis is an acidosis that is not accompanied by an abnormally increased anion gap. The most common cause of normal anion gap acidosis is diarrhea
Normal_anion_gap_acidosis
Medical condition (poisoning)
cause much of the toxicity. The diagnosis may be suspected when there is acidosis or an increased osmol gap and confirmed by directly measuring blood levels
Methanol_toxicity
Mnemonic acronym used by some medical professionals
Examples A Alcohol/Abuse of substances Acidosis Alcohol or drug intoxication Diabetic ketoacidosis; Respiratory acidosis due to CO2 narcosia hypoventilation
AEIOU-TIPS
Emergent abnormal pattern of breathing
systemic inflammatory response syndrome, septic shock, and metabolic acidosis. End-of-life inability to tolerate secretions, known as the death rattle
Agonal_respiration
Formula for identifying acid-base disorders
(metabolic acidosis) is present, and if so, assess its severity. The anion gap (AG) without potassium is calculated first and if a metabolic acidosis is present
Delta_ratio
Medical condition
extremely high, usually greater than 40-50 mmol/L (600 mg/dL). Metabolic acidosis is absent or mild. A temporary state of confusion (delirium) is also more
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Hyperosmolar_hyperglycemic_state
Medical condition caused by receiving too little or too many nutrients
other vitamins and minerals. Giving base (as in Ringer's lactate) to treat acidosis without simultaneously supplementing potassium worsens low blood potassium
Malnutrition
Abnormality of the human body's normal balance of acids and bases
"mixed acidosis", for example, refers to metabolic acidosis in conjunction with respiratory acidosis. Any combination is possible, as metabolic acidosis and
Acid–base_disorder
Chemical compound
care for its properties as a buffer for the treatment of severe metabolic acidosis in specific circumstances. Some medications are formulated as the "tromethamine
Tris
Medical condition
abruptly rise to exceed 15 mol/mL, the threshold for lactic acidosis. Symptoms of lactic acidosis include vomiting and hyperpnea, both of which can exacerbate
Glycogen storage disease type I
Glycogen_storage_disease_type_I
Group of metabolic disorders
vomiting, dehydration, malnutrition, hypoglycemia, hypotonia, metabolic acidosis, ketoacidosis, hyperammonemia, and if left untreated, death. Treatment
Organic_acidemia
Toxicity from too much ethylene glycol
the presence of a metabolic acidosis, particularly if it is characterized by a large anion gap. Large anion gap acidosis is usually present during the
Ethylene_glycol_poisoning
Medical condition
body temperature, fast breathing rate, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, low blood potassium, low blood glucose, hallucinations, confusion, seizure
Salicylate_poisoning
Inherited deficiency causing lactic acidosis
populations. Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency causes lactic acidosis and hyperammonaemia. Lactic acidosis may then lead to liver failure, hepatomegaly, reduced
Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
Pyruvate_carboxylase_deficiency
Muscular diseases caused by defects in metabolic processes
have hypertrophy of the calf muscles. Hereditary myopathy with lactic acidosis (HML), another mitochondrial myopathy, also has hypertrophy of the calf
Metabolic_myopathy
Medical condition
although some guidelines recommend it for extreme acidosis (pH<6.9), and smaller amounts for severe acidosis (pH 6.9–7.0). Cerebral edema, if associated with
Diabetic_ketoacidosis
Medical condition
congenital cataract, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness and lactic acidosis after exercise. Biallelic pathogenic mutations in the AGK gene, which encodes
Sengers_syndrome
Chemical compound
treatment. A randomized controlled trial in children with congenital lactic acidosis found that while DCA was well tolerated, it was ineffective in improving
Dichloroacetic_acid
Fluid used for resuscitation after blood loss
blood volume or low blood pressure. It may also be used to treat metabolic acidosis and to wash the eye following a chemical burn. It is given by intravenous
Ringer's_lactate_solution
Medical condition
experience both hyperchloremia and metabolic acidosis together, a condition called hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. People with PHA2 may experience other
Pseudohypoaldosteronism
Pharmaceutical drug
combination medication intended for the treatment of distal renal tubular acidosis. It contains potassium citrate and potassium hydrogen carbonate. Potassium
Potassium citrate/potassium hydrogen carbonate
Potassium_citrate/potassium_hydrogen_carbonate
Excess or deficit in amount of base present in blood
metabolic alkalosis, or respiratory acidosis with renal compensation if too high (more than +2 mEq/L) metabolic acidosis, or respiratory alkalosis with renal
Base_excess
Abnormal increase in cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
from many diseases, including pituitary hormone deficiency, renal tubular acidosis, Klinefelter syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and hydrocephalus. King Bhumibol
Hydrocephalus
Mitochondrial protein involved in iron–sulfur cluster biosynthesis
patients with a mitochondrial myopathy called hereditary myopathy with lactic acidosis (HML). It is also known as hereditary myopathy with exercise intolerance
ISCU
Chemical compound
urinary-tract infections, such as cystitis, to reduce the acidosis seen in distal renal tubular acidosis, and can also be used as an osmotic laxative. It is
Trisodium_citrate
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
muscles to the liver. The cycle's importance is based on preventing lactic acidosis during anaerobic conditions in the muscle. However, normally, before this
Cori_cycle
Diverse group of genetic neuromuscular disorders disrupting mitochondrial function
"Clinical Characteristics of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes". Life. 11 (11): 1111. Bibcode:2021Life...11
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy
Mitochondrial_encephalomyopathy
Endocrine disorder of a lack of the hormone aldosterone
of 'type 4 renal tubular acidosis', sometimes referred to as hyperkalemic RTA or tubular hyperkalemia. However, the acidosis, if present, is often mild
Hypoaldosteronism
Diuretic medication
build-up. Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in hypercalciuria. Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Inability to breathe due to body position or posture
one group of doctors had presented a method of resuscitation, correcting acidosis in the blood of the victim, which proved effective in their small scale
Positional_asphyxia
Medical measurement
be used in the diagnosis of a number of acidosis conditions such as lactic, metabolic, and respiratory acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, and also of respiratory
Blood_gas_test
Toxicity due to paracetamol overdose
may include kidney failure, pancreatitis, low blood sugar, and lactic acidosis. If death does not occur, people tend to recover fully over a couple of
Paracetamol_poisoning
Class of pharmaceutical drugs
disorders associated with low pH. For example, they may be used to treat acidosis due to kidney failure. Used for oral or parenteral therapy, sodium bicarbonate
Alkalinizing_agent
Tumor that often causes a syndrome of diarrhea and electrolyte imbalance
watery diarrhea and resultant dehydration, hypokalemia, achlorhydria, acidosis, flushing and hypotension (from vasodilation), hypercalcemia, and hyperglycemia
VIPoma
British physician
lactic acidosis. Cohen and H. Frank Woods introduced in 1976 what is now called the Cohen-Woods classification of the causes of lactic acidosis. They classify
Robert_Donald_Cohen
Excess potassium in the blood
and enter the bloodstream. However, in respiratory acidosis or organic acidosis such as lactic acidosis, the effect on serum potassium is much less significant
Hyperkalemia
Medical condition during pregnancy
occur during spontaneous labor, and this may result in fetal hypoxemia and acidosis. This may have serious effects on both the mother and the fetus, including
Uterine_tachysystole
Insufficient breathing
increased concentration of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) and respiratory acidosis. Hypoventilation is not synonymous with respiratory arrest, in which breathing
Hypoventilation
Increase in blood pH due to rapid breathing
alkalosis. Acidosis Alkalosis Arterial blood gas Chemical equilibrium Hypocalcemia Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis pCO2 pH pKa Respiratory acidosis "Respiratory
Respiratory_alkalosis
Medical condition
hyperventillation due to profound metabolic acidosis mostly related to lactic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis in these patients is usually refractory to correction
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
Pyruvate_dehydrogenase_deficiency
Urine test for diagnosing metabolic and kidney disorders
In a metabolic acidosis without a serum anion gap: A positive urine anion gap suggests a low urinary NH4+ (e.g. renal tubular acidosis). A negative urine
Urine_anion_gap
Chemical compound
sometimes used for cases of acidosis, or when insufficient sodium or bicarbonate ions are in the blood. In cases of respiratory acidosis, the infused bicarbonate
Sodium_bicarbonate
Group of bacteria that do not retain the Gram stain used in bacterial differentiation
blood pressure, respiratory failure, reduced oxygen delivery, and lactic acidosis. Several classes of antibiotics have been developed to target gram-negative
Gram-negative_bacteria
Medical condition
congenital cataracts, hypotonia, intellectual disability, proximal tubular acidosis, aminoaciduria and low-molecular-weight proteinuria. Lowe syndrome can
Oculocerebrorenal_syndrome
Type of metal poisoning
including laboratory tests for serum iron concentrations and metabolic acidosis along with physical examination. Treatment for iron poisoning involves
Iron_poisoning
Cultivated root vegetable
the rest thriving. It is now known that these deaths were due to rumen acidosis and had nothing to do with oxalate. Safer protocols to transition cows
Mangelwurzel
Medical condition
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), lactic acidosis (LA), and hypoglycemia. Chronic complications develop over time and are
Complications_of_diabetes
Abnormally high tissue carbon dioxide levels
dioxide, or inhalation of elevated levels of CO2, leads to respiratory acidosis. Eventually the body compensates for the raised acidity by retaining alkali
Hypercapnia
Medical condition
should not be mistaken for hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis as hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is characterized by two major changes: a decrease in
Hyperchloremia
Medical condition
accounts for the metabolic acidosis seen in PCAS patients, though strong ion gaps and phosphate also plays a role. Worse acidosis is generally predictive
Post-cardiac_arrest_syndrome
Salt water for medical purposes
diabetic ketoacidosis. Large amounts may result in fluid overload, swelling, acidosis, and high blood sodium. In those with long-standing low blood sodium, excessive
Saline_(medicine)
Dental drugs containing fluoride
hypersensitivity reactions Thrombocytopenia Ascites Hepatic failure Renal failure Propylene glycol Lactic acidosis Seizure Hyperosmolarity Respiratory depress
Topical_fluoride
Process by which the human body regulates pH
sounding terms are acidosis and alkalosis. They refer to the customary effect of a component, respiratory or metabolic. Acidosis would cause an acidemia
Acid–base_homeostasis
Medical condition
drug propofol. It can lead to cardiac failure, rhabdomyolysis, metabolic acidosis, and kidney failure, and is often fatal. High blood potassium, high blood
Propofol_infusion_syndrome
Medical condition
syndrome is a neonatal form of renal tubular acidosis. It is characterized by distal renal tubular acidosis that occurs as a result of bicarbonate wasting
Lightwood–Albright_syndrome
Medical condition
frequency until the backbone arches continually. Convulsions lead to lactic acidosis, hyperthermia and rhabdomyolysis. These are followed by postictal depression
Strychnine_poisoning
Kidney disorder
complications. The loss of bicarbonate results in type 2 or proximal renal tubular acidosis. The loss of phosphate results in the bone diseases rickets and osteomalacia
Fanconi_syndrome
Excess phosphate in the blood
Rhabdomyolysis Hyperthermia Fulminant hepatitis Cytotoxic therapy Severe hemolytic anemia Transcellular phosphate shifts Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis
Hyperphosphatemia
Medical condition
reabsorption.[citation needed] Examples of these disorders include Iminoglycinuria, renal tubular acidosis and Gitelman syndrome.[citation needed] v t e
Inborn errors of renal tubular transport
Inborn_errors_of_renal_tubular_transport
Purplish discoloration of the skin due to reduced blood flow
obscure severe infrarenal aortoiliac stenosis with severe transient lactic acidosis. Specialty Dermatology, cardiology Symptoms Purpura, mottling of the skin
Livedo_reticularis
Pharmaceutical drug
hydrogen carbonate, is a medication primarily used to treat severe metabolic acidosis. For this purpose it is generally only used when the pH is less than 7
Intravenous sodium bicarbonate
Intravenous_sodium_bicarbonate
Metabolic disease
occur at equal frequency. The metabolic form presents as severe lactic acidosis in the newborn period, and many die as newborns. Patients with the neurologic
Leigh_syndrome
Discomfort following alcohol consumption
changes in the immune system and glucose metabolism, dehydration, metabolic acidosis, disturbed prostaglandin synthesis, increased cardiac output, vasodilation
Hangover
Drugs that lower blood glucose levels to treat diabetes
increased risk of lactic acidosis. Phenformin (DBI) was used from 1960s through 1980s, but was withdrawn due to lactic acidosis risk. Buformin also was
Diabetes_medication
Organic acid
Lactic acidosis is often used clinically to describe elevated lactate but should be reserved for instances in which there is also acidosis with pH of
Lactic_acid
Blood test that measures amounts of dissolved gas
normal range for pH is 7.35–7.45. As the pH decreases (< 7.35), it implies acidosis, while if the pH increases (> 7.45) it implies alkalosis. In the context
Arterial_blood_gas_test
Toxic effects of carbon monoxide
poisoning may experience severe hypoxia and acidosis (potentially both respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis) in addition to the toxicities of excess
Carbon_monoxide_poisoning
Simplest secondary alcohol
alcohols. The findings of acetone without acidosis leads to the sine qua non of "ketosis without acidosis." Isopropyl alcohol is oxidized to form acetone
Isopropyl_alcohol
Incurable progressive feline disease
bicarbonate is the metabolic acidification of the blood (metabolic acidosis). Metabolic acidosis occurs in 80% of cats with chronic kidney disease. With increasing
Chronic kidney disease in cats
Chronic_kidney_disease_in_cats
Mnemonic
stabilized.[citation needed] Acidosis (hydrogen cation excess) is an abnormal pH in the body as a result of lactic acidosis which occurs in prolonged hypoxia
Hs_and_Ts
Medical condition
the 6 Hs and the 6 Ts. See Hs and Ts Hypovolemia Hypoxia Hydrogen ions (Acidosis) Hyperkalemia or Hypokalemia Hypoglycemia Hypothermia Tablets or Toxins
Pulseless_electrical_activity
Mitochondrial disorder
congenital lactic acidosis, Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean type, is a rare mitochondrial disorder which is characterized by regular metabolic acidosis, hypotonia,
Leigh syndrome, French Canadian type
Leigh_syndrome,_French_Canadian_type
Substance that promotes the production of urine
hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, metabolic alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and hyperuricemia. A common application of diuretics is for the purposes
Diuretic
Medication
Glycolate and oxalate are the primary toxins responsible for the metabolic acidosis, and for the renal damage, seen in ethylene glycol poisoning. Methanol
Fomepizole
Using body fats as fuel instead of carbohydrates
production of ketones that occurs in pathologic states and causes a metabolic acidosis, which is a medical emergency. Ketoacidosis is most commonly the result
Ketosis
Chemical compound
phenformin-induced lactic acidosis continued to be reported worldwide. In Hong Kong, where phenformin is banned, cases of phenformin-induced lactic acidosis occurred after
Phenformin
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