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Part of grammar in ancient Greek
Conditional clauses in Ancient Greek are clauses which start with εἰ (ei) "if" or ἐάν (eān) "if (it may be)". ἐάν (eān) can be contracted to ἤν (ḗn) or
Ancient Greek conditional clauses
Ancient_Greek_conditional_clauses
Conditional clauses spoken in Latin
Conditional clauses in Latin are clauses which start with the conjunction sī 'if' or the equivalent. The 'if'-clause in a conditional sentence is known
Latin_conditional_clauses
Ancient Greek clubs Ancient Greek coinage Ancient Greek comedy Ancient Greek conditional clauses Ancient Greek cuisine Ancient Greek dialects Ancient
Index of ancient Greece-related articles
Index_of_ancient_Greece-related_articles
Grammatical mood in Ancient Greek
often used in indefinite conditional or similar clauses referring to the future or indefinite present time. These can be: Clauses referring to a single event
Subjunctive_(Ancient_Greek)
Grammatical form
The Ancient Greek participle is a non-finite nominal verb form declined for gender, number and case (thus, it is a verbal adjective) and has many functions
Participle_(Ancient_Greek)
Sounds and pronunciation of Ancient Greek
the pronunciation of Attic Greek and other Ancient Greek dialects are unknown, but it is generally agreed that Attic Greek had certain features not present
Ancient_Greek_phonology
Non-finite verb form in Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek infinitive is a non-finite verb form, sometimes called a verb mood, with no endings for person or number, but it is (unlike in Modern
Infinitive_(Ancient_Greek)
Grammatical mood of Ancient Greek verbs
situation ("what would happen if I did this?") In purpose clauses ("so that it could happen") or clauses expressing fears ("for fear that it might happen") in
Optative_(Ancient_Greek)
Class of Ancient Greek verbs
In the grammar of Ancient Greek, an aorist (pronounced /ˈeɪ.ərɪst/ AY-ər-ist or /ˈɛərɪst/ AIR-ist; from the Ancient Greek ἀόριστος aóristos, 'undefined')
Aorist_(Ancient_Greek)
Ṣayhadic language spoken in Yemen
subordinate clauses using various conjunctions: In Sabaic, relative clauses are marked by a Relativiser like ḏ-, ʾl, mn-; in free relative clauses this marking
Sabaic
Grammatical feature of verbs
example, the subjunctive and optative moods in Ancient Greek alternate syntactically in many subordinate clauses, depending on the tense of the main verb.
Grammatical_mood
Grammar of the Ancient Greek language
indefinite conditional or temporal ("time") clauses, such as "if this should happen" or "whenever this happens". It can also be used to make purpose clauses and
Ancient_Greek_grammar
Grammatical mood
In the Romance languages, the conditional form is used primarily in the apodosis (main clause) of conditional clauses, and in a few set phrases where
Irrealis_mood
Linguistic component of Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek verbs have four moods (indicative, imperative, subjunctive and optative), three voices (active, middle and passive), as well as three persons
Ancient_Greek_verbs
Class of auxiliary verbs in English that lack untensed forms
(then-clause) of counterfactual conditional sentences. The modal would (or should as a first-person alternative) is used to produce the conditional construction
English_modal_auxiliary_verbs
Grammar of the Modern Greek language
brackets and romanization of Greek according to UN/ELOT rules in italics. The grammar of Modern Greek, as spoken in present-day Greece and Cyprus, is essentially
Modern_Greek_grammar
Verb form focusing on the result of a past event
participle of the verb perficere "to complete"). In traditional Latin and Ancient Greek grammar, the perfect tense is a particular, conjugated-verb form. Modern
Perfect_(grammar)
Grammatical mood
(May the devil take you) In Ancient Greek, the optative is used to express wishes and potentiality in independent clauses (but also has other functions
Optative_mood
Verbs in the English language
tense and aspectual forms in condition and conditional clauses follows special patterns; see conditional mood. For use of tenses in indirect speech,
English_verbs
valid inference (logic). Formal logics developed in ancient times in India, China, and Greece. Greek methods, particularly Aristotelian logic (or term logic)
History_of_logic
Courtesy form of address
University of Ireland, and the head of Trinity College Dublin. For the Ancient Universities of Scotland, a Rector refers to an elected student advocate
English_honorifics
Irrealis grammatical mood
occur most often, although not exclusively, in subordinate clauses—particularly that-clauses. Examples of the subjunctive in English are found in the sentences
Subjunctive_mood
Parts of speech in French grammar
present is used in subordinate clauses whose main clauses are in a present or future tense, as well as in the few main clauses that use the subjunctive, and
French_verbs
Figure of speech
anapodoton (from Ancient Greek ἀναπόδοτον anapódoton: "that which lacks an apodosis", that is, the consequential clause in a conditional sentence), plural
Anapodoton
Grammatical system of a language that covers the expression of tense, aspect, and mood
subjunctive form is used in both clauses of "if [imaginary situation]...then..." sentences, and is often used in subordinate clauses. There are various modal
Tense–aspect–mood
Tense used in the Latin language
alive (now)!' In a conditional clause representing an unreal situation in present time, the imperfect subjunctive is used in both clauses: scrīberem ad tē
Latin_tenses
Greek Stoic philosopher (c.279–c.206 BC)
Chrysippus of Soli (/kraɪˈsɪpəs, krɪ-/; Ancient Greek: Χρύσιππος ὁ Σολεύς, Chrusippos ho Soleus; c. 279 – c. 206 BC) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a native
Chrysippus
Figure of speech
languages like English with highly-strict word order. In Latin and Ancient Greek, the effect of hyperbaton is often to emphasize the first word. It has
Hyperbaton
Grammatical construction such as 'not nothing'
particle on the following word. Doubled negatives are perfectly correct in Ancient Greek. With few exceptions, a simple negative (οὐ or μή) following another
Double_negative
Grammar of the English language
content clauses, i.e. that clauses and certain others: certain that he was right, unsure where they are; after comparatives, phrases or clauses with than:
English_grammar
Small set of grammatically distinctive verbs of English
among these, that they invert with their subjects in interrogative main clauses (Has John arrived?) and are negated either by the simple addition of not
English_auxiliary_verbs
Rhythmic sentence ending used in rhetoric
letters. Every long sentence can be divided into sections called by the Greek word cola (singular colon), in Latin membra (singular membrum); the last
Clausula_(rhetoric)
Latin Speech
esset). Interleaved with these are two conditional clauses (sī esset ... sī velit) and two relative clauses (quās possidēret ... quam vīcisset), all
Latin_indirect_speech
Grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect aspect
an idea of completion. In the grammar of languages such as Latin and Ancient Greek, the form most closely corresponding to the English present perfect
Present_perfect
Greek philosopher
Philo the Dialectician (Greek: Φίλων; fl. 300 BC) was a Greek philosopher of the Megarian (Dialectical) school. He is sometimes called Philo of Megara
Philo_the_Dialectician
Grammatical tense+aspect indicating an event will have finished by a future time
temporal clauses, but not its sequence relative to the action in the main clause. In conditional, relative, comparative and some other types of clauses it signifies
Future_perfect
Goidelic language
of these respective stops went unmarked. Diacritics derived from the Ancient Greek rough breathing mark (◌̔) could also be used to represent lenition.
Middle_Irish
Type of grammatical construction
Latin and Greek, also found in various forms in other languages such as English and Dutch. In this construction, the subject of a subordinate clause is put
Accusative_and_infinitive
R. E. 2001 [1993]. Slavery in Classical Greece. London. Garlan, Y., 1988 [1982]. Slavery in Ancient Greece, translated by Janet Lloyd. Ithaca, NY. Source:
Manumission inscriptions at Delphi
Manumission_inscriptions_at_Delphi
Grammatical forms of verbs in the Portuguese language
imperfect, pluperfect, future, and conditional. Three (or four) moods—indicative, subjunctive, imperative (and conditional, according to some authors) Classes
Portuguese_conjugation
Verb form modifying a noun or noun phrase
periphrastic verb forms (continuous and perfect) and are widely used in adverbial clauses. In non-Indo-European languages, 'participle' has been applied to forms
Participle
Grammatical features of Chichewa
in these clauses are often idiomatic, differing from those used in similar clauses in English. In most cases the verb in the temporal clause takes the
Chichewa_tenses
Sentence structure
to be final more often in subordinate clauses than in main clauses. Over the centuries, verb-final main clauses became less common. In the writing of
Latin_word_order
Part of speech
typically take prepositional phrases and clauses as complements while verbs typically take noun phrases and clauses as complements. The typical pre-head modifiers
English_nouns
Latest stage of the Egyptian language
that was adapted from the Greek alphabet. The earliest attempts to write the Egyptian language using the Greek alphabet are Greek transcriptions of Egyptian
Coptic_language
Grammatical features of Esperanto
the dog chased it' This distinction is lost in subordinate clauses such as the relative clauses in the previous section: la hundo ĉasis la katon, kiu fuĝis
Esperanto_grammar
Aspect of English grammar
of words derived from Classical Latin, as horticulture, and those of Ancient Greek origin, such as photography, the components of which are in bound form
English_compound
Period of the Egyptian language
language from Late Egyptian was strongly influenced by Aramaic and Ancient Greek. As a stage in the continuing evolution of the Egyptian language that
Demotic_Egyptian_language
Feature of language
subordinate clauses. They have a weaker but significant tendency to place demonstrative adjectives before the nouns they modify. Relative clauses preceding
Subject–object–verb word order
Subject–object–verb_word_order
Part of Latin grammar
endings of a similar kind are also found in other languages, such as Ancient and Modern Greek, German, Russian, Hungarian, Finnish, Sanskrit, Armenian, Classical
Latin_syntax
Ancient Indo-European language of the Hittite Empire
conjunctions with temporal or conditional meaning are used to link clauses. There is no coordinating conjunction, but main clauses can be coordinated with the
Luwian_language
the alliteration runs through a passage, linking together the various clauses, as in the opening of Aeneid 4, where the letters C, C, V, V, T, T recur
Alliteration_(Latin)
Aspect of Czech grammar
The types of clauses like in the indirect speech use tenses that express the time which is spoken about. The tense of the subordinate clause is not shifted
Czech_conjugation
Constructed science-fiction language
counter-factual conditional uses the words zun for the condition and zel for the consequent, and uses the subjunctive in both clauses The Naʼvi language
Naʼvi_language
English language suffix
with Dutch and German -end, Swedish -ande, -ende, Latin -ans, -ant-, Ancient Greek -ον (-on), and Sanskrit -ant. -inde, -ende, -and later assimilated with
-ing
Grammar of the Portuguese language
"we will sing" conditional mood: conditional tense: cantaríamos, "we would sing" subjunctive mood used in certain subordinate clauses: present subjunctive:
Portuguese_grammar
Ongoing armed conflict in West Asia
March 2026). "America Evacuates Non-Essential Workers from Cyprus Greek City Times". Greek City Times. Retrieved 4 March 2026. Chen, Eve (4 March 2026). "Reconsider
2026_Iran_war
independently in Greek and Sanskrit; the process did not affect Mycenaean Greek at all. Examples of pairs affected by this process include Ancient Greek θρίξ (thríx
Glossary of sound laws in the Indo-European languages
Glossary_of_sound_laws_in_the_Indo-European_languages
Babylonian legal text
format: they are conditional sentences with the case detailed in the protasis ("if" clause) and the remedy given in the apodosis ("then" clause). The protasis
Code_of_Hammurabi
Western dialect of Aramaic used by the Nabateans
Clauses can be coordinated by the conjunction w- 'and, but'. Most forms of subordinate clauses are introduced by the particle dy. Conditional clauses
Nabataean_Aramaic
Language where one kind of inflection indicates multiple changes of aspect
and Armenian. Other descendants remain fusional, including Sanskrit, Ancient Greek, Lithuanian, Latvian, Slavic languages, as well as Latin and the Romance
Fusional_language
Philosophical concept
contrary, it is because of chance they produce many possible others." Tychism (Greek: τύχη "chance") is a thesis proposed by the American philosopher Charles
Indeterminism
Purposeful use of language
sentence, Wiesel uses two parallel independent clauses written in the passive voice. The first clause establishes suspense about who rules the ghetto
Literary_device
Grammar of the Miskito language
widely used constructions, clauses may also be linked by coordinating conjunctions, and subordinate clauses may be marked by a clause-final subordinator. Miskito
Miskito_grammar
Twenty-fourth chapter of the biblical book of Proverbs
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version
Proverbs_24
types of conditional clause, which are introduced by two different words for "if": má introduces realis clauses, and dá introduces irrealis clauses. Realis
Dependent and independent verb forms
Dependent_and_independent_verb_forms
Verbs in the Spanish language
older classifications there was a fourth mood, the conditional, that included the two conditional tenses (simple and compound), but nowadays those tenses
Spanish_verbs
Punctuation mark with two dots (:)
Colon (rhetoric). From this usage, in palaeography, a colon is a clause or group of clauses written as a line in a manuscript. In the 3rd century BC, Aristophanes
Colon_(punctuation)
English pronoun
in relative clauses even when referring to non-humans: "I will have to fix the car whose engine I ruined." In restrictive relative clauses, when not preceded
Who_(pronoun)
Speech expressing things other people have said without quoting
still considered a bore; Benjamin is still expected to come over). In Ancient Greek, statements and questions that are reported are sometimes quoted by
Indirect_speech
Extinct Indo-European language of central Anatolia
isoglosses shared with Greek, have led to a current consensus which regards Greek as the closest relative of Phrygian. Ancient authors like Herodotus
Phrygian_language
13th chapter of the First Epistle to the Corinthians
The First Epistle to the Corinthians: A Commentary on the Greek Text. New International Greek Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. pp. 1026–1074
1_Corinthians_13
Grammatical tense
an actual past event. These are generally in condition clauses and some other dependent clauses referring to hypothetical circumstances (as in "If I'd
Pluperfect
Extinct Italic language of central Italy
the subjunctive is used in tandem with clauses of cause and result, are also attested in Umbrian. These clauses are typically introduced with the term
Umbrian_language
Aspect of verbs in the Finnish language
so, normally, the present tense is used for future time as well. The conditional mood corresponds mostly to 'would' or 'should', or to the past subjunctive
Finnish_conjugation
Grammatical construct combining past tense with continuing aspect
George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project. "UltraLingua Online Dictionary & Grammar, "Conditional tense"". Archived from the
Imperfect
Element of Japanese language
present and past tense, volition, passive voice, causation, imperative and conditional mood, and ability. There are also special forms for conjunction with
Japanese conjugation (mizenkei base)
Japanese_conjugation_(mizenkei_base)
Part of Korean grammar class
) Verbs can take conjunctive suffixes. These suffixes make subordinate clauses. One very common suffix 고 -go, can be interpreted as a subordinating conjunction
Korean_verbs
Names of numbers in Latin
oinos ‘one’, with its cognates Old Irish óen ‘one’, Gothic ains ‘one’, Ancient Greek οἴνη oínē ‘ace on dice’, and the first part of Old Church Slavonic inorogŭ
Latin_numerals
How verbs are conjugated in Italian
perché, affinché, etc.). Used for the subordinate clauses of the imperfect indicative or the conditional. The imperfect subjunctive is formed: for regular
Italian_conjugation
Dialect of Neapolitan spoken in Apulia
ca (even though); in final clauses: vuleve cu eve cchiu dritte (I would have liked to be more capable); in concessive clauses: avaste cu ppaje (as long
Tarantino_dialect
Grammar of the Breton language
person and number by adding suffixes to the verbal stem. In non-negative clauses, third-person singular forms must be used if the subject of the verb appears
Breton_grammar
Overview of how Japanese verbs conjugate
ways to make conditional clauses in Japanese, of which the verbally or adjectivally derived ways (rather than merely attaching conditional particles such
Japanese_conjugation
Verbs of the Hungarian language
plural) In subordinate clauses after verbs expressing orders, requests, suggestions, wishes, permission, etc. In hogy subordinate clauses expressing purpose
Hungarian_verbs
Grammar of the Inuit languages
Baffin dialect. In secondary clauses, third person inflections must make a distinction between instances where the two clauses have the same subject and
Inuit_grammar
Extinct ancient Phoenician language
main clause, or of a subordinate clause; if in a subordinate clause, it may depend on the type of subordinate clause (for example, conditional, or temporal);
Punic_language
Legal killing of a person as punishment
perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 14 December 2025. Robert. "Greece, A History of Ancient Greece, Draco and Solon Laws". History-world.org. Archived from
Capital_punishment
Expression of time reference in grammar
simply consist of one adverb)] in clauses headed by a lexical verb is between the subject and the verb; for clauses headed by an auxiliary verb it can
Grammatical_tense
generations or iterations. antecedent The first part of a conditional statement, the "if" clause, which specifies a condition for the consequent. anti-extension
Glossary_of_logic
Grammar of the Manx language
"although (affirmative/negative)" and tra "when". My "if" introduces conditional clauses as do myr "as if" and mannagh "unless". Manx numbers are traditionally
Manx_grammar
vider 'to see', and audir 'to hear'). The simple past, future, and conditional tenses correspond to semantically identical compound tenses (composed
Interlingua_grammar
Grammatical rules of the Vedic Sanskrit language
-syá- or -iṣyá- infix. This future preterite is used for conditional sentences and clauses. Other than this, Vedic had a small scattering of imperative
Vedic_Sanskrit_grammar
Archaic form of the Hebrew language
Subjunctive: reflects a potential, theoretical or modal verb, such as in conditional clauses, e.g. "If you go...", "she should stay" Imperfect, Jussive/Cohortative:
Biblical_Hebrew
Grammar of the Estonian language
inverted clause olema ‘be’ is the most common verb. The main types of inverted clauses include existential, possessive, experiential clauses, clauses of state
Estonian_grammar
1912–1913 conflicts in Balkan states
territories that had been inhabited by Greeks since ancient times and doubled the size of the Greek Kingdom, capturing major cities such as Thessaloniki
Balkan_Wars
Bearer of truth values
universal and existential propositions, and between categorical and conditional propositions. Many theories of the nature and roles of propositions have
Proposition
Study of meaning in language
comes from or how it arises. The word semantics originated from the Ancient Greek adjective semantikos, meaning 'relating to signs', which is a derivative
Semantics
Language of ancient Sumer and Babylon
way to the nominalized clauses and be combined with the same kinds of adjuncts. One peculiarity is that, unlike nominalized clauses, they may also express
Sumerian_language
Grammar of the French language
consist of two clauses, one of which is a copular clause and one of which is a relative clause, also known as a cleft clause. The copular clause consists of
French_grammar
Grammatical case
Middle High German, comparable with English and Ancient Greek, with a construction of mit (with) + dative clause (in English, the objective case is used). For
Instrumental_case
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ANCIENT GREEK-CONDITIONAL-CLAUSES
ANCIENT GREEK-CONDITIONAL-CLAUSES
ANCIENT GREEK-CONDITIONAL-CLAUSES
ANCIENT GREEK-CONDITIONAL-CLAUSES
ANCIENT GREEK-CONDITIONAL-CLAUSES
ANCIENT GREEK-CONDITIONAL-CLAUSES
ANCIENT GREEK-CONDITIONAL-CLAUSES
ANCIENT GREEK-CONDITIONAL-CLAUSES
ANCIENT GREEK-CONDITIONAL-CLAUSES
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