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Types, methods and safety
Automatic train operation (ATO) is a method of operating trains automatically where the driver is not required or is required for supervision at most
Automatic_train_operation
Class of train protection systems for railways
stops encountered with the older automatic train stop (ATS) technology. ATC can also be used with automatic train operation (ATO) and is usually considered
Automatic_train_control
Railway signaling system
protection (ATP) functions, as well as optional automatic train operation (ATO) and automatic train supervision (ATS) functions," as defined in the IEEE
Communications-based train control
Communications-based_train_control
Operation of a train, bus, or tram by one person
some cases, one-person operation can be seen as an intermediate step towards automatic train operation. While European freight trains are normally one-person
One-person_operation
Class of vehicle protection systems for railways
Automatic train stop or ATS is a system on a train that automatically stops a train if certain situations occur (unresponsive train operator, earthquake
Automatic_train_stop
System installed in trains to prevent collisions through driver error
Automatic train protection (ATP) is the generic term for train protection systems that continually check that the speed of a train is compatible with the
Automatic_train_protection
Type of train protection system in Japan
errors and SPADs. TASC is also compatible with automatic train control (ATC) and automatic train operation (ATO), where in the latter case it acts as its
Train automatic stopping controller
Train_automatic_stopping_controller
The history of automatic train operation includes key dates for system introductions of different Grade of Automation. The lower grades, such as the German
History_of_train_automation
to the train's cab signals and to a third sub-system, Automatic Train Operation (ATO), which can control the trains directly. Due to a train collision
Washington Metro signaling and operation
Washington_Metro_signaling_and_operation
Railway cab signalling system
Automatic Train Protection (ATP) is a method of beacon based railway cab signalling developed by British Rail. The system was installed on the Great Western
Automatic Train Protection (United Kingdom)
Automatic_Train_Protection_(United_Kingdom)
stock has been partially implemented since the introduction of automatic train operation on the Hainault to Woodford section of the Central line in 1964
Automation of the London Underground
Automation_of_the_London_Underground
French train protection system
(SACEM) is an embedded, automatic speed train protection system for rapid transit railways. The name means "Driver Assistance, Operation, and Maintenance System"
SACEM_(railway_system)
attributed to OOL. Automatic train operation is meant to reduce manual operation. This results in OOL performance problem for train drivers. Automation
Out-of-the-loop performance problem
Out-of-the-loop_performance_problem
Railroad communications system
system controls the movement of trains between the blocks using automatic signals. ABS operation is designed to allow trains operating in the same direction
Automatic_block_signaling
Railway fail-safe against human error
A train protection system is a railway technical installation to ensure safe operation in the event of human error. The earliest systems were train stops
Train_protection_system
Form of passenger urban rail transit
of its lines. Automatic train operation (ATO) monitors train position and speed, adjusting movements for safety and efficient operations, and is used in
Light_rail
Railway signaling system
for future automatic train operation (ATO). Trackside equipment aims to exchange information with the vehicle for safely supervising train circulation
European_Train_Control_System
Rail signaling equipment
The intermittent inductive automatic train stop (also referred to as IIATS or just automatic train stop or ATS) is a train protection system used in North
Intermittent inductive automatic train stop
Intermittent_inductive_automatic_train_stop
System for safely moving trains
Train order operation is a system for safely moving trains using train orders, as opposed to fixed signals or cab signalling. In train order operation
Train_order_operation
French prototype rubber-tyred metro train
Metro system, starting in 1951. The MP 51 was fitted with GoA 2 automatic train operation from the start. It ran with passengers from 13 April 1952 until
MP_51
Rapid transit system in England
1992-stock trains and a new automatic signalling system installed to allow Automatic Train Operation. The line runs 34 trains per hour for half an hour
London_Underground
Type of vehicle
Vehicular automation Optionally piloted vehicle Automatic train operation (ATO), such as the "Driverless Train" Robot Robot control Mark Levels, Jean-Pierre
Uncrewed_vehicle
driverless train systems. Canceled automated train systems are in the list of defunct automated train systems. Automatic train operation Automated guided
List of semi-automatic train systems
List_of_semi-automatic_train_systems
Subway line in Tokyo, Japan
featuring advanced technology including full automatic train operation and platform screen doors. Trains run through onto the Tokyu Meguro Line for Hiyoshi
Namboku_Line_(Tokyo_Metro)
Train protection system in South Korea
commercial operation on the Jeolla Line. As of 2024, the design for introduction to the Gyeongbu high-speed railway for KTX (Korea Train Express) is
Korean_Train_Control_System
2009 public transit accident in the neighborhood of Northeast, Washington, D.C.
equipped with on-board systems called Automatic Train Operation and Automatic Train Control, which allow autonomous operation with little human intervention
June 2009 Washington Metro train collision
June_2009_Washington_Metro_train_collision
Vehicle operated with reduced or no human input on public roads
automate specific driving features such as Forward Collision Warning (FCW), Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB), Lane Departure Warning (LDW), Lane Keeping Assistance
Self-driving_car
Train protection system
to track circuits. Automatic train protection (ATP) is enabled on CTCS level 1. Drivers use cab signals as primary signals. Train circuits are responsible
Chinese_Train_Control_System
Railway safety system
Automatic Warning System (AWS) is a railway safety system invented in the United Kingdom. It provides a train driver with an audible indication of whether
Automatic_Warning_System
Warning system for train drivers used in Ireland
The Continuous Automatic Warning System (CAWS) is a form of cab signalling and train protection system used in Ireland to help train drivers observe and
Continuous Automatic Warning System
Continuous_Automatic_Warning_System
Class of train rolling stock
means that all trains have now been refurbished. It had been intended to open the Jubilee Line Extension with an automatic train operation (ATO) system
London_Underground_1996_Stock
Rail transport system with moderate capacity
their smaller trains, some light metro systems can rival rapid transit networks in terms of capacity thanks to automatic train operation allowing extremely
Light_metro
Method of controlling single line railways
the number of train movements that can be made. For a larger railway system, it becomes exceptionally limiting in the level of operations that it allows
Token_(railway_signalling)
Passenger trains that run on the London Underground
The Victoria line opened in the late 1960s using automatic train operation (ATO), and the last trains ran with a guard in 2000. As of March 2013[update]
London Underground rolling stock
London_Underground_rolling_stock
Group of vehicles travelling separately but following another
driving in the lead. Smart cars with artificial intelligence could automatically join and leave platoons. The automated highway system is a proposal
Platoon_(automobile)
The Victoria line opened in the late 1960s using Automatic Train Operation (ATO), and the last train with a guard ran in 2000. Before 1933 the sub-surface
List of London Underground electric multiple units
List_of_London_Underground_electric_multiple_units
Autonomous car-maneuvering system
Automatic parking is an autonomous car-maneuvering system that moves a vehicle from a traffic lane into a parking spot to perform parallel, perpendicular
Automatic_parking
Class of train rolling stock
were later replaced by 1938 stock trailers. The trains were used as a test-bed for automatic train operation, where control signals were picked up from the
London_Underground_1960_Stock
Topics referred to by the same term
List of United States Navy oilers Automatic train operation over European Train Control System; see European Train Control System Alberta Order of Excellence
AOE
Class of train rolling stock
February 1968 and 1984, as the same automatic train operation (ATO) system was used on both lines. 316 cars (39.5 train sets) were built by Metro-Cammell
London_Underground_1967_Stock
Robot used in manufacturing
handling. In the year 2024, an estimated 4,663,698 industrial robots were in operation worldwide according to the International Federation of Robotics (IFR)
Industrial_robot
Robot that performs behaviors or tasks with a high degree of autonomy
An automatic charging robot, unveiled on July 27, 2022, is an arm-shaped robot to charge an electric vehicle. It has been running a pilot operation at
Autonomous_robot
Series of connected rail vehicles
keep train cars clean, and sleeping car attendants, who perform similar duties in sleeping cars. Some trains can operate with automatic train operation without
Train
Railway infrastructure of the London Underground
improvements include new stations, line extensions and more lines with automatic train operation (ATO). The total length of railway on the London Underground is
London Underground infrastructure
London_Underground_infrastructure
Vehicle that operates on the surface of the water without a crew
to preserve this behaviour for a man on board, but smooth it out for automatic control, e.g., for low-speed manoeuvring and Dynamic Positioning. USVs
Unmanned_surface_vehicle
Topics referred to by the same term
explicit driver software, see Plug-'n'-Play. A train without a human driver, see Automatic train operation. A vehicle which navigates without human input
Driverless
Robots used for medical purposes
on the other side. Surgical robots: These robots either allow surgical operations to be carried out with better precision than an unaided human surgeon
Medical_robot
Rapid transit system in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
completed in 2030. Three lines on the network have opened as automatic train operation/driverless vehicle systems since 2009: Line 11 was converted to
Barcelona_Metro
Rapid transit line in Germany
of the line that had been used in the automatic SelTrac test mode since 1977 to AEG for Maglev test operations. The Senate planned to convert the small
U2_(Berlin_U-Bahn)
Rapid transit system in Valencia, Spain
and several tram operations north of the Túria riverbed park with line 4. Trains of lines 1, 3, 5 and 9 have automatic train operation (ATO) in 25.3 kilometers
Metrovalencia
Railway signaling system
of operation, and in Australia as safeworking. Block systems are also commonly found on large roller coasters that can operate two or more trains simultaneously
Signalling_block_system
Intersection where a road crosses a railway at the same level
high-speed rail and are virtually non-existent in European high-speed train operations. The types of early level crossings varied by location, but often they
Level_crossing
High-capacity public transport
automatic train control and, later, automatic train operation (ATO). ATO could start a train, accelerate to the correct speed, and stop automatically
Rapid_transit
Metro station in Istanbul, Turkey
fully automatic unattended train operation. The station consists of an island platform with two tracks. Since the M5 is an automatic train operation line
Altınşehir_station
Automated electric trainset
fully automated, consisting of automatic train protection (ATP), automatic train operation (ATO) and automatic train supervision. The rolling stock uses
Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro
Hitachi_Rail_Italy_Driverless_Metro
Topics referred to by the same term
agent for acute promyelocytic leukemia Assisted take off ATO fuse Automatic train operation Air Tasking Order, (United States Air Force) Air Training Officer
ATO
Railway track status technology
Interstate Commerce Commission issued a ruling requiring trains to be equipped with automatic train stop technology if they were to be operated at 80 mph
Pulse_code_cab_signaling
Subway line in Nagoya, Japan
Nagoya Municipal Subway line to use automatic train operation. All platforms are 8 cars long but only 5-car trains are currently operated.[citation needed]
Sakura-dōri_Line
Uncrewed underwater vehicle with autonomous guidance system
AUV can be constructed from a microcontroller, PVC pressure housing, automatic door lock actuator, syringes, and a DPDT relay. Some participants in competitions
Autonomous_underwater_vehicle
Type of train protection system
Positive train control (PTC) is a family of automatic train protection systems deployed in the United States. Most of the United States' national rail
Positive_train_control
semi-automatic train systems. These systems are capable of driverless train operation (DTO), but a train attendant operates the doors and drives the train
List of driverless train systems
List_of_driverless_train_systems
Submersible vehicles that can operate underwater without a human occupant
earliest models used screw propeller thrusters while more recent models use automatic buoyancy control. The earliest model, SPURV, weighed 484 kg, went as deep
Unmanned_underwater_vehicle
British train rolling stock
with automatic train operation (ATO) and automatic train protection (ATP) effectively allowing the trains to drive themselves. Since 2019, these trains are
London_Underground_1992_Stock
Topics referred to by the same term
company Statoil, a publicly traded Norwegian oil company Semi-automatic train operation Slater-type orbital, atomic orbitals STO-nG basis sets, of orbitals
STO
Metro line in Shenzhen, China
congested Line 3. The line is equipped with automatic train operation using high capacity 8 car type A trains. To improve journey times a number of express
Line_14_(Shenzhen_Metro)
Main line railway route in south-east England
introducing world-first Automatic Train Operation (ATO) technology over European Train Control System (ETCS) Level 2, enabling 24 trains per hour through the
Thameslink
Unmanned, autonomous systems
unmanned ground vehicle kit does not interfere with the conventional operation of the vehicle. A robust sensor suite allows for 360-degree situational
Autonomous_logistics
Type of rolling stock
Union, and to get a modification for a different track gauge. Its automatic train operation and universal control panel were designed by Tikhomirov Scientific
81-740/741
South Korean machinery manufacturer
created a new technology record by successfully running a train in Automatic Train Operation (ATO) mode for the first time on Indian soil between Nagole and
Hyundai_Rotem
Train protection system in the UK and Victoria, Australia
purpose of TPWS is to stop a train by automatically initiating a brake demand, where TPWS track equipment is fitted, if the train has: passed a signal at danger
Train Protection & Warning System
Train_Protection_&_Warning_System
London Underground line
operated using automatic train operation, but all trains have drivers. The 2009 Tube Stock replaced the original 1967 Tube Stock trains. The line serves
Victoria_line
South African UAV
000 m. It is fully automated in launch, flight and recovery, with an automatic return-to-base in case of mission critical failures. An automated vacuum
ATE_Vulture
Type of railway signalling system
Level 2 (a virtual block system that can also be provided with Automatic Train Operation (ATO)); and Level 3 (similar to Level 2 but uses moving block
Moving_block
Semi-automatic signals do not have a number plate, but can display an explicit "restricted proceed"-type signal. Other types of signals include train order
North American railroad signals
North_American_railroad_signals
Rail traffic control systems used in the United Kingdom
signalling. Trains operating at speeds faster than 125 mph (for example on High Speed 1) use an in-cab signalling system that automatically determines
UK_railway_signalling
French rolling stock manufacturer
signalling, and locomotives, producing high-speed, suburban, regional and urban trains along with trams. The company and its name (originally spelled Alsthom)
Alstom
Fully automated transit system
the long-term carpark; its full operation began in September 2011. Autonomous Rapid Transit Automatic train operation Bus lane Guided bus Light metro
Automated_guideway_transit
Underground rapid transit line in Glasgow, Scotland
system uses automatic train operation with the driver only responsible for closing the doors and pressing a "start" button in normal operation. While the
Glasgow_Subway
Transit system in Manila
maintain a safe speed and operation on trains. Line 9 trains would have a minimal functionality of automatic train operation. Some lines would have other
Manila Metro Rail Transit System
Manila_Metro_Rail_Transit_System
South African electric multiple unit
event of an accident. The X'Trapolis Mega is equipped with an automatic train operation (ATO) signalling system; this facility enables it to optimally
X'Trapolis_Mega
London Underground line
line has mostly been operated by automatic train operation since a major refurbishment in the 1990s, although all trains still carry drivers. Many of its
Central line (London Underground)
Central_line_(London_Underground)
Line of the Hangzhou Metro
During the day, Automatic Train Operation (ATO) is used on the line, which does not require train operators to control the speed of the train manually, however
Line_2_(Hangzhou_Metro)
Type of autonomous underwater vehicle capable of autonomous interventions
wells were installed in deeper water (>500m of depth). This made diver operation less feasible due to heavy suits and higher associated risks. Beginning
Intervention_AUV
Czech private commercial company
from Kopidlno to Dolní Bousov will be resumed as driverless train operation in 2025. The train vehicle will be ČD Class 810. The owner of this line is AŽD
AŽD_Praha
Type of portable robot
Automated guided vehicles. Automated guideway transit Automatic train operation List of driverless trains Unmanned aerial vehicle Industrial transfer cart
Automated_guided_vehicle
Type of autonomous underwater vehicle
University of Washington Seaglider Operations page at APL-UW Rutgers University Coastal Ocean Observations Lab – Glider Operations Slocum page at Webb Research
Underwater_glider
Robot designed for rescuing people
as the "intelligent donkey", and with the aerial platforms, i.e. the "trained wasps" and "patrolling hawks". Indeed, the research activity focuses on
Search_and_rescue_robot
Rapid transit system in New Jersey and Pennsylvania
as permanently coupled married pairs sharing motors motor and automatic train operation (ATO) control systems. Early cars used WABCO Model N-2 MU couplers
PATCO_Speedline
Type of vehicle
Eastern Ukraine Campaign, a platoon of Russian UGVs equipped with AGS-17 automatic grenade launchers was deployed for an assault near the town of Berdychi
Unmanned_ground_vehicle
Spanish train protection system
Frenado Automático (ASFA; "Announcement of Signals and Automatic Braking") is an Automatic Train Protection system widely deployed on the Spanish rail
Anuncio de Señales y Frenado Automático
Anuncio_de_Señales_y_Frenado_Automático
Type of service robot
programmability" and another generation, the Arm Trainer was for an industrial purpose and it was able to control the operation of full-scale industrial robots. However
Domestic_robot
Robot deployed for agricultural purposes
can also be used in livestock applications (livestock robotics) such as automatic milking, washing and castrating. Robots like these have many benefits
Agricultural_robot
Class of New York City Subway car
were not adequately trained to deal with the P-Wire braking system's sophisticated fail/safe design for automatic train operation. The system would sometimes
R44 (New York City Subway car)
R44_(New_York_City_Subway_car)
Telescope that makes observations without the intervention of a human
agents using artificial intelligence that assist in various ways such as automatic scheduling. A robotic telescope is distinct from a remote telescope, though
Robotic_telescope
Railway loop line in Tokyo, Japan
as train crew conduct ongoing tests on their performance. Furthermore, the two sets are easy to distinguish with an "ATO" (Automatic Train Operation) sticker
Yamanote_Line
Form of fixed railway signal
types in most applications by 1870. Becoming electrically operated and automatic, accompanied by interlocking, they were widely adopted in the U.S. After
Railway_semaphore_signal
Arrangement of railway signal apparatus
These arrangements are termed automatic interlockings, and the approach of a train sets its own route automatically, provided no conflicting movements
Interlocking
Hong Kong MTR railway line
leaving the operation of trains back in the hands of the train drivers, the safety of train operation under the control of the automatic train protection
East_Rail_line
not controlled by CTC or Station but work automatically using track circuit which is referred to as Automatic Signal Signals numbering in main tracks are
Thai_railway_signalling
Rapid transit system in the Helsinki capital region
from the original on 2016-03-16. Retrieved 2016-03-19. "Towards automatic train operation in long distance service: State-of-the-art and challenges" (PDF)
Helsinki_Metro
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AUTOMATIC TRAIN-OPERATION
AUTOMATIC TRAIN-OPERATION
AUTOMATIC TRAIN-OPERATION
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