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Organic molecule with two different functional groups
In chemistry, bifunctionality or difunctionality is the presence of two functional groups in a molecule. A bifunctional species has the properties of
Bifunctionality
strain KO-3988): it is also monofunctional. As might be expected, the bifunctional enzymes from lower plants are larger (946–960 residues, 106–107 kDa)
Ent-Copalyl diphosphate synthase
Ent-Copalyl_diphosphate_synthase
Chemical reaction
asymmetry. The "Noyori-class" of catalysts are often referred to as bifunctional catalysts to emphasize the fact that both the metal and the (amine) ligand
Asymmetric_hydrogenation
Light-emitting enzyme
PMID 15850783. Oba Y, Ojika M, Inouye S (April 2003). "Firefly luciferase is a bifunctional enzyme: ATP-dependent monooxygenase and a long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase"
Firefly_luciferase
Medical condition
D-Bifunctional protein deficiency is an autosomal recessive peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation disorder. Peroxisomal disorders are usually caused by a combination
D-bifunctional protein deficiency
D-bifunctional_protein_deficiency
Bonds linking one polymer chain to another
In chemistry and biology, a cross-link is a bond or a short sequence of bonds that links one polymer chain to another. These links may take the form of
Cross-link
Class of ribonucleic acid that is not translated into proteins
histone-modifying enzymes. Bifunctional RNAs, or dual-function RNAs, are RNAs that have two distinct functions. The majority of the known bifunctional RNAs are mRNAs
Non-coding_RNA
Inflammatory disease involving a buildup of lesions in the walls of arteries
MacDougald OA (March 2011). "Regulation of lipid homeostasis by the bifunctional SREBF2-miR33a locus". Cell Metabolism. 13 (3): 241–247. doi:10.1016/j
Atherosclerosis
especially useful when studying tissues deep within tissue. Owing to their bifunctionality, magnetic-plasmonic nanoparticles can be used for a wide range of applications
Magnetic-plasmonic bifunctional nanoparticles
Magnetic-plasmonic_bifunctional_nanoparticles
Chemical compound
DMEA) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH. It is bifunctional, containing both a tertiary amine and primary alcohol functional groups
Dimethylethanolamine
Class of enzymes
their interaction with fructose 6-phosphate. PFK-2 is known as the "bifunctional enzyme" because of its notable structure: though both are located on
Phosphofructokinase_2
Theory of gel formation
multifunctional branch unit, A f {\displaystyle A_{f}} , reacting with bifunctional monomers with A and B functional groups to form a step-growth polymer
Flory–Stockmayer_theory
Chemical compound
is synthesized and broken down in either direction by the integrated bifunctional enzyme phosphofructokinase 2 (PFK-2/FBPase-2), which also contains a
Fructose_2,6-bisphosphate
Type of organocatalysis
both partners in a reaction, e.g. nucleophile and electrophile, termed "bifunctional catalysis". In all cases, the close association of the catalyst molecule
Hydrogen-bond_catalysis
Organelle-like structure in bacteria with a protein shell containing enzymes
Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are organelle-like structures found in bacteria. They consist of a protein shell that encloses enzymes and other proteins
Bacterial_microcompartment
Chemical compound
chemical compound with the formula H2NCH2CH2OH or C2H7NO. The molecule is bifunctional, containing both a primary amine and a primary alcohol. Ethanolamine
Ethanolamine
Chemical compound
number of useful compounds are made from acrolein, exploiting its bifunctionality. The amino acid methionine is produced by addition of methanethiol
Acrolein
Chemical compound
(3-MPA) is an organosulfur compound with the formula HSCH2CH2CO2H. It is a bifunctional molecule, containing both carboxylic acid and thiol groups. It is a colorless
3-Mercaptopropionic_acid
Hydrocarbon compound (C6H6)
between 60 and 200 °C is blended with hydrogen gas and then exposed to a bifunctional platinum chloride or rhenium chloride catalyst at 500–525 °C and pressures
Benzene
Chemical compound
both epoxide and alcohol functional groups. Being simple to make and bifunctional, it has a variety of industrial uses. The compound is a colorless, slightly
Glycidol
Salt or ester of acrylic acid
contain vinyl groups. These compounds are of interest because they are bifunctional: the vinyl group is susceptible to polymerization and the carboxylate
Acrylate
Macromolecule with repeating units linked by amide bonds
the same monomer, or the polymer can be constituted of two different bifunctional monomers, one with two amine groups, the other with two carboxylic acid
Polyamide
EHHADH is a human gene that encodes for a bifunctional enzyme and is one of the four enzymes of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway. Mutations of the
EHHADH
material is treated with a chain extender. Typically, chain extenders are bifunctional, i.e., they have two functional groups, which can link together two polymers
Chain_extender
Chemical process
preferred substituent A broad variety of monofunctional and bifunctional (concept of bifunctionality) chiral double hydrogen-bonding (thio)urea organocatalysts
Thiourea_organocatalysis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
D-bifunctional protein (DBP), also known as peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 (MFP-2), as well as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type IV (17β-HSD
HSD17B4
Chemical reaction
other bifunctional organocatalysts were developed derived from the readily available cinchona alkaloid scaffold. The quinidine-derived bifunctional organocatalyst
Nitro-Mannich_reaction
Presence of functional groups within a molecule
molecule. A monofunctional molecule possesses one functional group, a bifunctional (or difunctional) two, a trifunctional three, and so forth. In organic
Functionality_(chemistry)
catalysis (i.e. cross coupling, polymerization, etc.), superbasic or bifunctional organocatalysts, and probes for chemical biology. The earliest synthesis
Iminophosphorane
Chemical compound
pleasant ether-like odor. It is miscible with water. The molecule is bifunctional, consisting of both an alkyl chloride and an alcohol functional group
2-Chloroethanol
Amino acid
called glycinium. Above about pH 9.6, it converts to glycinate. As a bifunctional molecule, glycine reacts with many reagents. These can be classified
Glycine
Chemical compound
The bifunctionality of 2-aminopyridine is illustrated by this 1:2 adduct with maleic anhydride.
2-Aminopyridine
Chemical compound
is generated using such reactivity. Related reactions exploit the bifunctionality of cyanamide to give heterocycles, and this latter reactivity is the
Cyanamide
Chemical reaction
can be carried out in enantiomeric excess of up to 90% with the aid of bifunctional chiral BINOL and phosphinyl BINOL compounds, for example in the reaction
Aza-Baylis–Hillman_reaction
Organic compounds with hydroxyl and amino groups on an alkane backbone
and −NR2) functional groups on an alkane backbone. Alkanolamines' bifunctionality and physicochemical characteristics lead to their use in many applications
Alkanolamine
Chemical compound responsible for the characteristic odour of earth
decomposes into odorless substances. In 2006, geosmin was biosynthesized by a bifunctional Streptomyces coelicolor enzyme. A single enzyme, geosmin synthase, converts
Geosmin
Enzymes involved in base excision repair
glycosylases: monofunctional and bifunctional. Monofunctional glycosylases have only glycosylase activity, whereas bifunctional glycosylases also possess AP
DNA_glycosylase
(bifunctional enzyme), 7,8-LDS (bifunctional enzyme), 5,8-linoleate diol synthase (bifunctional enzyme), 7,8-linoleate diol synthase (bifunctional enzyme)
Linoleate_8R-lipoxygenase
Chemical compound
chloride is an organic compound with the formula ClCH2C6H4CH=CH2. It is a bifunctional molecule, featuring both vinyl and a benzylic chloride functional groups
4-Vinylbenzyl_chloride
Therapy involving intentional exposure to sunlight
Shi, Huixian; Yao, Xiaohong; Chu, Paul K.; Zhang, Xiangyu (2020). "A bifunctional hydrogel incorporated with CuS@MoS2 microspheres for disinfection and
Light_therapy
Class of organic compounds
are important in biology and in chemical synthesis. Because of their bifunctional nature, they have attracted much attention from chemists. Because primary
Aminoaldehydes and aminoketones
Aminoaldehydes_and_aminoketones
Chemical compound
choline cations ([(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+) and chloride anions (Cl−). It is a bifunctional compound, meaning, it contains both a quaternary ammonium functional
Choline_chloride
Gene editing method
"Deciphering the Substrate Specificity Reveals that CRISPR-Cas12a is a Bifunctional Enzyme with Both Endo- and Exonuclease Activities". Journal of Molecular
CRISPR_gene_editing
Species of protozoan parasite
dopamine antagonist medications. T. gondii has two genes that code for a bifunctional phenylalanine and tyrosine hydroxylase, two important and rate-limiting
Toxoplasma_gondii
Use of squaramides as hydrogen-bond catalyst to accelerate reactions
catalysis. The first squaramide catalyst developed. It functions as a bifunctional catalyst.Some later catalysts are based on such a structure by removing
Squaramide_catalysis
Chemical compound
ClCH2CH2CH2CN. With both chloro and cyano functional groups, it is a bifunctional molecule. It is a colorless liquid. It is prepared by the reaction of
4-Chlorobutyronitrile
Physiological molecule and therapeutic drug
(trade name: Hylan-B). Hyaluronic acid can also be crosslinked with a bifunctional crosslinking agent 1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) using a ResonantAcoustic
Hyaluronic_acid
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MTHFD2 gene. This gene
MTHFD2
Chemical compound
is the organic compound with the formula HOCH2CH2CHO. It is a bifunctional molecule, containing both a hydroxy and aldehyde functional groups. The
Reuterin
Chemical compound
Chloroacetyl chloride is a chlorinated acyl chloride. It is a bifunctional compound, making it a useful building block chemical. Industrially, it is produced
Chloroacetyl_chloride
Organic compound used as a chelator
particular types of cancer and in other applications is also of interest as a bifunctional chelator (BFC). At present the Pb-DOTAMTATE 212-Pb (alpha particle emitter)
DOTAM
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Bifunctional arginine demethylase and lysyl-hydroxylase JMJD6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the JMJD6 gene. This gene encodes a nuclear protein
JMJD6
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a bifunctional enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EPHX2 gene. sEH is a member of the epoxide hydrolase family.
Epoxide_hydrolase_2
Family of beetles
PMID 8805542. Oba Y, Ojika M, Inouye S (April 2003). "Firefly luciferase is a bifunctional enzyme: ATP-dependent monooxygenase and a long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase"
Firefly
composition escalates, thereby diminishing its workability. DGEBA exhibits bifunctionality in its epoxy groups, resulting in relatively low thermomechanical properties
Epoxy_molding_compounds
UDP-GlcA biosynthesis hasD Acetyltransferase and pyrophosphorylase (bifunctional) UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis hasE Phosphoglucoisomerase UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis
Microbial hyaluronic acid production
Microbial_hyaluronic_acid_production
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
encoded by the PFKFB1 gene. This gene encodes a member of the family of bifunctional 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase:fructose-2,6-biphosphatase enzymes. The enzyme
PFKFB1
Bifunctional (p)ppGpp synthase/hydrolase SpoT or SpoT is a regulatory enzyme in the RelA/SpoT Homologue (RSH) protein family that synthesizes and hydrolyzes
SpoT
Species of bacterium
aacA-aphD Bifunctional aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase and aminoglycoside phosphotransferase Tn4001 Tobramycin 16 SH1611 aacA-aphD Bifunctional Tn4001
Staphylococcus_haemolyticus
an open coordination site. MLC is also referred to as "metal-ligand bifunctional catalysis." Note that MLC is not to be confused with cooperative binding
Metal-ligand_cooperativity
Enzyme
Bifunctional heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 1 is an enzyme. In humans, it is encoded by the NDST1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000070614
NDST1
High-energy-density electrical storage device
batteries". R&D. Zhang, J.; Zhao, Z.; Xia, Z.; Dai, L. (2015). "A metal-free bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions"
Zinc–air_battery
Type of chemical bonding with metal ions
iron particle and manganese chelate complexes have also been explored. Bifunctional chelate complexes of zirconium, gallium, fluorine, copper, yttrium, bromine
Chelation
Human chromosome
nonpolyposis type 1 (E. coli) MSH6: mutS homolog 6 (E. coli) MTHFD2: Bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase, mitochondrial
Chromosome_2
Protein domain
is classified under EC 2.1.2.5 and in mammals is found as part of a bifunctional enzyme that also has formimidoyltetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase activity
Glutamate formimidoyltransferase
Glutamate_formimidoyltransferase
Chemical compound
role in the regulation of glycolysis through its interaction with the bifunctional enzyme PFK2/FBPase2. Specifically, it activates protein phosphatase,
Xylulose_5-phosphate
Cytochrome P450 enzyme
conservation of the albaflavenone biosynthetic pathway and CYP170 bifunctionality in streptomycetes". The FEBS Journal. 279 (9): 1640–9. doi:10.1111/j
CYP170B1
Indian leather and materials scientist
22 (2004): 181–188. B.K. Gupta, P. Thanikaivelan, et al. "Optical bifunctionality of europium-complexed luminescent graphene nanosheets." Nano Lett.
Palanisamy_Thanikaivelan
Overview of the events of 2023 in science
candidate, a prebiotic fibre formula against type 2 diabetes (3 Jan), a bifunctional therapeutic and vaccine against brain cancer (4 Jan), a phase 2-trialed
January–March_2023_in_science
Experimental drug
drug developed to treat IgG4-related disease and lupus. It works as a "bifunctional, non-cytolytic, humanised monoclonal antibody that binds CD19 and Fc
Obexelimab
Family of transferases enzymes
and sulfur metabolism. Some sulfate adenylyltransferases are part of a bifunctional polypeptide chain associated with adenosyl phosphosulfate (APS) kinase
Sulfate_adenylyltransferase
Chemical compound
an intermediary metabolite. In humans such reaction is performed by bifunctional 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate synthases (PAPSS1 and PAPSS2) using
3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate
3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate
Class of enzymes
exist in both monofunctional and bifunctional forms. An example for the latter case, Ni,Fe-CODHs form a bifunctional cluster with acetyl-CoA synthase
Carbon_monoxide_dehydrogenase
Class of enzymes
8-hydroperoxide 8R-isomerase (EC 5.4.4.5, 5,8-LDS (bifunctional enzyme), 5,8-linoleate diol synthase (bifunctional enzyme), 8-hydroperoxide isomerase, (8R,9Z
9,12-octadecadienoate 8-hydroperoxide 8R-isomerase
9,12-octadecadienoate_8-hydroperoxide_8R-isomerase
Eighteen-carbon straight-chain fatty acid
stearic acid. In general, the applications of stearic acid exploit its bifunctional character, with a polar head group that can be attached to metal cations
Stearic_acid
Chemical compound
"Conversion of β-carotene into astaxanthin: Two separate enzymes or a bifunctional hydroxylase-ketolase protein?". Microbial Cell Factories. 7: 3. doi:10
Astaxanthin
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATIC gene. ATIC encodes an enzyme which generates inosine monophosphate
Inosine monophosphate synthase
Inosine_monophosphate_synthase
Enzyme
cytidylyltransferase (bifunctional CTP:inositol-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase/CDP-inositol:inositol-1-phosphate transferase (IPCT/DIPPS)), IPCT (bifunctional CTP:inositol-1-phosphate
1L-myo-inositol 1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase
1L-myo-inositol_1-phosphate_cytidylyltransferase
American chemist
applications for sustainable catalysis. He has also worked on developing bifunctional diagnostic and therapeutic agents for amyloid-beta-related disorders
Liviu_Mirica
Chemical compound
AT-121 is an experimental analgesic. It was designed to be bifunctional, acting as an agonist at both the μ-opioid receptor and the nociceptin receptor
AT-121
Main receptor for most antipsychotic drugs
Clementi F, Zoli M, De Amici M, Gotti C, Dallanoce C (August 2015). "Bifunctional compounds targeting both D2 and non-α7 nACh receptors: design, synthesis
Dopamine_receptor_D2
Class of chemical substance
January 2019). "Lattice-strained metal–organic-framework arrays for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis". Nature Energy. 4 (2): 115–122. Bibcode:2019NatEn
Metal–organic_framework
Enzyme
Bifunctional heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDST3 gene. It catalyses the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl
NDST3
Eight amino-acid long peptide covalently bonded to a DOTA chelator
is an eight amino acid long peptide, with a covalently bonded DOTA bifunctional chelator. DOTA-TATE can be reacted with the radionuclides gallium-68
DOTA-TATE
Enzyme
Bifunctional heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDST2 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000166507
NDST2
Chemical compound
semiconducting character and light absorption of siloxene allow it to act as a bifunctional photocatalyst in light-assisted Li−O2 cells. Reported figures of merit
Siloxene
Class of enzymes
regulatory protein, pyruvate, phosphate dikinase regulatory protein, bifunctional dikinase regulatory protein) is an enzyme with systematic name ADP:(pyruvate
(Pyruvate, phosphate dikinase) kinase
(Pyruvate,_phosphate_dikinase)_kinase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
human enzyme is bifunctional, much like the LKR/SHD found in plants, and thus, is thought to be similar in structure. The bifunctionality of this enzyme
Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase
Alpha-aminoadipic_semialdehyde_synthase
Class of enzymes
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ADP1 strain synthesizes wax esters through a bifunctional wax ester synthase/acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT)
Long-chain-alcohol O-fatty-acyltransferase
Long-chain-alcohol_O-fatty-acyltransferase
Coenzyme, notable for its synthesis and oxidation role
prokaryotic enzymes respectively. In mammals steps 4 and 5 are catalyzed by a bifunctional enzyme called COASY. This pathway is regulated by product inhibition
Coenzyme_A
Chemical compound
refers to organic compounds with the formula C6H9OCO2CH3. These are bifunctional compounds consisting of an ester and cycloaliphatic epoxide groups. It
3,4-Epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate methyl ester
3,4-Epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate_methyl_ester
Protein family
differing in how the reduced state of the FMN cofactor is maintained. Bifunctional chorismate synthase is present in fungi and contains an NAD(P)H-dependent
Chorismate_synthase
Cells that form bone tissue
Intermittent PTH stimulation increases osteoblast activity, although PTH is bifunctional and mediates bone matrix degradation at higher concentrations. The skeleton
Osteoblast
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Sucrase-isomaltase is a bifunctional glucosidase (sugar-digesting enzyme) located on the brush border of the small intestine, encoded by the human gene
Sucrase-isomaltase
Mammalian protein found in humans
antitumor antibiotic calicheamicin (N-acetyl-γ-calicheamicin) via a bifunctional linker (4-(4-acetylphenoxy)butanoic acid). Several mechanisms of resistance
CD33
Polymer derived from more than one species of monomer
step-growth copolymer -(-A-A-B-B-)n- formed by the condensation of two bifunctional monomers A–A and B–B is in principle a perfectly alternating copolymer
Copolymer
Chemical compound
polymerization. Polymerization is initiated using potassium persulfate. Bifunctional nucleophiles, metal oxides (e.g. zinc oxide), and thioureas are used
Neoprene
Thermal decomposition of materials
Abdul; Li, Jinhui; Wang, Wei; Zhou, Hui (April 2020). "Alkali metal bifunctional catalyst-sorbents enabled biomass pyrolysis for enhanced hydrogen production"
Pyrolysis
Family of DNA sequences found in prokaryotic organisms
"Deciphering the Substrate Specificity Reveals that CRISPR-Cas12a is a Bifunctional Enzyme with Both Endo- and Exonuclease Activities". Journal of Molecular
CRISPR
Class of enzymes
usually have two separate enzymes, while most prokaryotes have a single bifunctional protein that can carry out both catalyses, although exceptions occur
Riboflavin_kinase
BIFUNCTIONALITY
BIFUNCTIONALITY
BIFUNCTIONALITY
BIFUNCTIONALITY
Boy/Male
Teutonic
Resolute fighter.
Girl/Female
African, Arabic, Australian, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi, Swahili
Ease; Prosperous; Convenience
Boy/Male
Greek
Father of Diomedes.
Girl/Female
Muslim English
Created. Produced.
Girl/Female
English
and Charlene.
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
A knight.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Creator, Mirage or Ray
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Generosity; Passing Clouds
Boy/Male
Tamil
Srinivasan | à®·à¯à®°à¯€Â நீவாஸநÂ
Gods name
Boy/Male
English American
Dispenser; provider.
BIFUNCTIONALITY
BIFUNCTIONALITY
BIFUNCTIONALITY
BIFUNCTIONALITY
BIFUNCTIONALITY