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Chemical compound
3-Mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) is an organosulfur compound with the formula HSCH2CH2CO2H. It is a bifunctional molecule, containing both carboxylic
3-Mercaptopropionic_acid
Medication used for epilepsy, bipolar disorder and migraine
Valproate (valproic acid, VPA, sodium valproate, or valproate semisodium) is a medication primarily used to treat epilepsy and as a mood stabilizer in
Valproate
Chemical compound
β-Alanine (beta-alanine) is a naturally occurring beta amino acid. Beta amino acids are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the β-carbon atom
Β-Alanine
Amino acid
γ-glutamylethylamide, is a bioactive, non-proteinogenic amino acid similar to the proteinogenic amino acids glutamic acid and L-glutamine. It is produced by certain plants
Theanine
Chemical compound (CH3CH2CH2COOH)
Butyric acid (/bjuːˈtɪrɪk/; from Ancient Greek: βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl
Butyric_acid
Enzyme
decarboxylase or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and carbon dioxide
Glutamate_decarboxylase
Mammalian protein
creatine kinase. Many drugs may elevate ALT levels, including zileuton, omega−3-acid ethyl esters (Lovaza), anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, cholesterol
Alanine_transaminase
Inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain
GABA, also known as gamma-aminobutyric acid or γ-aminobutyric acid, is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central
GABA
Chemical compound
tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) is an organic compound which is derived from pentaerythritol fully esterified with four equivalents of 3-mercaptopropionic acid
Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate)
Pentaerythritol_tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate)
Drug class
reuptake inhibitor of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by blocking the action of one or more of the GABA transporters (GATs)
GABA_reuptake_inhibitor
Membrane transport proteins
function in amino acid transport, some of these include: TC# 2.A.3 - Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (APC) Superfamily TC# 2.A.18 - Amino Acid/Auxin Permease
Amino_acid_transporter
Naturally occurring sedative and hallucinogen
(panther cap). It is a 3-hydroxyisoxazole alkaloid and is closely related structurally to the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The compound
Muscimol
Amino acid
Like all other amino acids, aspartic acid contains an amino group and a carboxylic acid. Its α-amino group is in the protonated –NH+ 3 form under physiological
Aspartic_acid
Chemical compound
3-Hydroxyaspartic acid (three letter abbreviation: Hya), also known as beta-hydroxyaspartic acid, is a derivative of aspartic acid which has been hydroxylated
3-Hydroxyaspartic_acid
Medicinal drug
which metabolizes the major inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Inhibition of GABA-T reduces the degradation of GABA, leading to
GABA_transaminase_inhibitor
Pharmaceutical compound
structurally related selective GABA reuptake inhibitors include guvacine, nipecotic acid, and tiagabine. Gaboxadol (THIP) Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Frølund B, Frydenvang
THPO_(drug)
Chemical compound found in a variety of plants
Rosmarinic acid, named after rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.), is a polyphenol constituent of many culinary herbs, including rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus
Rosmarinic_acid
Enzyme involved in amino acid metabolism
natural amino acid, L-aspartic acid and α-ketoglutaric acid to give oxaloacetic acid and L-glutamic acid.: Aspartic acid + α-Ketoglutaric acid
Aspartate_transaminase
Chemical compound
enantiomers D- and L-valine (Val), D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid [wd], and L-lactic acid. Structures are alternately bound via amide and ester bridges
Valinomycin
Chemical compound
2,4-Diaminobutyric acid, also known as DABA, is GABA-T non-competitive inhibitor and a GABA reuptake inhibitor. In many bacteria, its (S) enantiomer is
2,4-Diaminobutyric_acid
Chemical compound
Vartanian MG (July 1991). "3-Alkyl-4-aminobutyric acids: the first class of anticonvulsant agents that activates L-glutamic acid decarboxylase". Journal
3-Methyl-GABA
Chemical compound
4′-diisothiocyano-2,2′-stilbene-disulfonic acid (DIDS) and labeling of membrane proteins with3H-DIDS", Journal of Membrane Biology, 92 (3): 195–205, doi:10.1007/BF01869388
DIDS
Epilepsy medication
partial seizures. It works by inhibiting the breakdown of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is also known as γ-vinyl-GABA, and is a structural analogue of
Vigabatrin
Topics referred to by the same term
Medroxyprogesterone acetate 3-Mercaptopropionic acid Methiopropamine, (N-methyl-1-(thiophen-2-yl)propan-2-amine) Methylphosphonic acid Mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant
MPA
Chemical compound
Thiolactic acid is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH3CH(SH)CO2H. The molecule contains both carboxyl and thiol functional groups, −C(=O)−OH
Thiolactic_acid
Chemical compound
structurally similar to the GABA reuptake inhibitors guvacine and nipecotic acid. Arecaidine has been found to produce sedative effects in mice and to protect
Arecaidine
Tuberculosis medication
is administered orally. Cycloserine is a structural analogue of the amino acid D-alanine and works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. As cycloserine
Cycloserine
Chemical compound
Dihydrokainic acid is an organic compound that contains two carboxylic acid functional groups, making it a dicarboxylic acid. It is an inhibitor of the
Dihydrokainic_acid
Naturally occurring glutamate receptor agonist neurotoxin
Ibotenic acid, or ibotenate, also known as premuscimol or as (S)-2-amino-2-(3-hydroxyisoxazol-5-yl)acetic acid, is a naturally occurring α-amino acid found
Ibotenic_acid
Chemical compound
45 (3): 457–473. doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.45.457. PMID 7474528. Wahab A, Heinemann U, Albus K (October 2009). "Effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Nipecotic_acid
Enzyme that converts glutamine into glutamate
humans, 3 genes encode proteins that can act as glutaminases: GLS, GLS2, and CAD. Glutaminase catalyzes the reaction in which the amino acid, glutamine
Glutaminase
Chemical compound
Raymond, L. A. (December 1996). "Evans blue antagonizes both alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate and kainate receptors and modulates
Evans_blue_(dye)
Chemical compound
and tapeworms, in addition to stimulating the release of γ-aminobutyruc acid (GABA) from rat synaptosomes. Independently, bafilomycin A1 and other derivatives
Bafilomycin
GABA transporters (gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters) are a family of neurotransmitter / sodium symporters, belonging to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6)
GABA_transporter
Chemical compound
Amido black 10B is an amino acid staining azo dye used in biochemical research to stain for total protein on transferred membrane blots, such as the western
Amido_black_10B
Chemical compound
7-Chlorokynurenic acid (7-CKA) is a tool compound that acts as a potent and selective competitive antagonist of the glycine site of the NMDA receptor.
7-Chlorokynurenic_acid
Loop diuretic medication
gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors containing the alpha 4 subunit". Molecular Pharmacology. 50 (3): 670–678. doi:10.1016/S0026-895X(25)09339-3. PMID 8794909
Furosemide
Medication used to treat malaria
account for much of its antimalarial activity; the drug concentrates in the acidic food vacuole of the parasite and interferes with essential processes. Its
Chloroquine
Family of neurotransmitter transporter proteins
transporters is composed of two primary subclasses: the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) family and vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) family
Glutamate_transporter
Class of enzymes
reaction: GABA + α-ketoglutaric acid ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } succinate semialdehyde + L-glutamic acid The two substrates of this enzyme
4-Aminobutyrate_transaminase
Antibiotic for treatment of tuberculosis
Isoniazid, also known as isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis. For active tuberculosis, it is often
Isoniazid
Metabolite of an antidepressant drug
phenelzine on brain levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)". Journal of Affective Disorders. 21 (3): 207–211. doi:10.1016/0165-0327(91)90041-p. ISSN 0165-0327
Phenylethylidenehydrazine
Chemical compound
γ-Acetylenic GABA, also known as 4-amino-5-hexynoic acid, is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of GABA-T. Like other GABA-T inhibitors, γ-acetylenic
Γ-Acetylenic_GABA
Blue-colored dye
Exclusion Test of Cell Viability". Current Protocols in Immunology. Appendix 3 (1): Appendix 3B. doi:10.1002/0471142735.ima03bs21. ISBN 978-0471142737. PMID 18432654
Trypan_blue
Chemical compound
derivative of valproic acid used in the treatment of epilepsy and some affective disorders. It is rapidly metabolised (80%) to valproic acid (another anticonvulsant)
Valpromide
Pharmaceutical compound
PMID 8057295. Krogsgaard-Larsen P (December 1981). "gamma-Aminobutyric acid agonists, antagonists, and uptake inhibitors. Design and therapeutic aspects"
Thio-THIP
Hexameric enzyme
α-ketoglutarate and ammonia). In bacteria, the ammonia is assimilated to amino acids via glutamate and aminotransferases. In plants, the enzyme can work in either
Glutamate_dehydrogenase
Amino acid and neurotransmitter
Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; known as glutamate in its anionic form), molecular formula C 5H 9NO 4, is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all organisms
Glutamic_acid
Chemical compound
valpromide, a valproic acid prodrug; unlike valpromide, however, valnoctamide is not transformed into its homologous acid, valnoctic acid, in vivo. In addition
Valnoctamide
Chemical compound
Kynurenic acid (KYNA or KYN) is a product of the normal metabolism of amino acid L-tryptophan. It has been shown that kynurenic acid possesses neuroactive
Kynurenic_acid
Pharmaceutical compound
blood–brain barrier penetration. Lime hydrolyzes guvacoline to guvacine. Nipecotic acid THPO Isoguvacine Tiagabine Voigt V, Laug L, Zebisch K, Thondorf I, Markwardt
Guvacine
Investigational antidepressant compound
7-chlorokynurenic acid which inhibits the glycine co-agonist site of NMDA receptors. Another metabolite, 4-chloro-3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid, inhibits the enzyme 3-hydroxyanthranilate
4-Chlorokynurenine
Chemical compound
instance, a GTP molecule is generated by one of the enzymes in the citric acid cycle. This is tantamount to the generation of one molecule of ATP, since
Guanosine_triphosphate
Chemical compound
enzyme is associated with capacitation of sperm, eye pressure regulation, acid-base regulation, and astrocyte/neuron communication.[citation needed] It
Bithionol
Chemical compound
the pivaloyloxymethyl ester derivative of valproic acid. It is likely a prodrug of valproic acid, as pivoxil esters are commonly employed to make prodrugs
Valproate_pivoxil
Transport protein
GABA transporter type 3 (GAT3) uses sodium (Na+) electrochemical gradients to mediate uptake of GABA from the synaptic cleft by surrounding glial cells
GABA_transporter_type_3
Chemical compound
Gabaculine is also known as 3-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid hydrochloride and 5-amino cyclohexa-1,3 dienyl carboxylic acid. Gabaculine increased GABA levels
Gabaculine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
synaptic pathology affecting glutamate neurons". Schizophrenia Research. 73 (2–3): 159–72. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.05.010. PMID 15653259. S2CID 2335413.
Vesicular glutamate transporter 1
Vesicular_glutamate_transporter_1
Affecting GABA systems in the brain
GABAnergic if it pertains to or affects the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). For example, a synapse is GABAergic if it uses GABA as its neurotransmitter
GABAergic
Chemical compound
Isonipecotic acid NNC-711 Nipecotic acid SKF-89976A Hollister LE (1990). "New class of hallucinogens: GABA-enhancing agents". Drug Development Research. 21 (3):
CI-966
Broad-spectrum herbicide
inhibits bacteria; it consists of two alanine residues and a unique amino acid that is an analog of glutamate that they named "phosphinothricin". They determined
Glufosinate
Anticonvulsant medication
acid (GABA) reuptake in synapses. The drug has more than 1,000-fold selectivity for the GAT-1 over the GABA transporter 2 (GAT-2), GABA transporter 3
Tiagabine
Class of enzymes
phosphate Glutamine synthetase uses ammonia produced by nitrate reduction, amino acid degradation, and photorespiration. The amide group of glutamate is a nitrogen
Glutamine_synthetase
Protein found in humans
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) also known as solute carrier family 1 member 2 (SLC1A2) and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) is a protein that
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2
Excitatory_amino_acid_transporter_2
Chemical data page
(2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanyl-propanoic acid Abbreviations: C, Cys Synonyms: 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid 2-amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid 2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic
Cysteine_(data_page)
Chemical compound
transporters excitatory amino acid carrier 1 and glutamate transporter 1b in cultured cerebellar granule cells". Neuroscience. 161 (3): 794–805. doi:10.1016/j
WAY-213,613
intracellular consensus sites for phosphorylation, and there is over 50% amino acid homology between each of them. Each binds GABA with varying affinities with
GABA_transporter_type_2
Tetrachloro-tetraiodo-fluorescein used as stain
treated in an 80-patient study.[needs update] As of April 2016[update] a phase-3 study of PV-10 as a single agent therapy for patients with locally advanced
Rose_bengal
Protein found in humans
Excitatory amino-acid transporter 4 (EAAT4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC1A6 gene. EAAT4 is expressed predominantly in the cerebellum
Excitatory amino acid transporter 4
Excitatory_amino_acid_transporter_4
115–07–1 C3H6O2 ethyl formate 109-94-4 C3H6O2S 2-Mercaptopropionic acid 79-42-5 C3H6O2S 3-Mercaptopropionic acid 107-96-0 C3H7N azetidine 503-29-7 C3H7N3 n-Propyl
Glossary_of_chemical_formulae
Chemical compound
Ethanolamine-O-sulfate (EOS) is an ester of sulfuric acid and ethanolamine. EOS is a GABA transaminase inhibitor which prevents the metabolism of GABA
Ethanolamine-O-sulfate
Chemical compound
animals studies, presumably due to this GDC-inhibiting activity. 3-Mercaptopropionic acid Piepho, R. W; Friedman, A. H (1977). "Chronopharmacology of Strychnine
Allylglycine
Irreversible non-selective MAO inhibitor and antidepressant drug
metabolism, and the major metabolites are phenylacetic acid and parahydroxyphenylacetic acid, recovered as about 73% of the excreted dose of phenelzine
Phenelzine
Chemical compound
Inhibitors: 3-Mercaptopropionic acid AAOA L-Allylglycine Semicarbazide Activators: 3-Methyl-GABA GABA-TTooltip γ-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase Inhibitors: 3-Hydrazinopropionic
NNC-711
Chemical compound
Kainic acid, or kainate, is an acid that naturally occurs in some seaweed. Kainic acid is a potent neuroexcitatory amino acid agonist that acts by activating
Kainic_acid
Chemical compound
enzymes in bacteria. It is one of the most famous non-proteinogenic amino acids, and was characterized in 1956 by Henry W Dion et al., who suggested a possible
6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine
Medication used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor scores and lower mortality rates at 3 months, though the scores were not statistically significant. Riluzole has
Riluzole
Chemical compound
by the ring-closure of 3-mercaptopropanamides. These in turn are produced from acrylic acid via the 3-mercaptopropionic acid: Ring-closure of the thiol-amide
Isothiazolinone
Chemical compound
of the major glutamine synthetase, GlnA1". Microbial Drug Resistance. 17 (3): 351–355. doi:10.1089/mdr.2010.0125. PMC 3161625. PMID 21875360. Rowe, WB;
Methionine_sulfoximine
Chemical compound
nipecotate [5006-62-2] (2) gives [89203-62-3] (3). Optional saponification of the ester group gives the title amino-acid compound (4). Moldavan, Michael; Cravetchi
SKF-89976A
GABA reuptake inhibitor
transporters as targets for antiepileptic drugs". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 125 (3): 394–401. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.11.007. ISSN 1879-016X. PMID 20026354
EF-1502
Class of pharmaceutical compounds
inhibitor Excitatory amino acid receptor agonist Excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist J. Storm-Mathisen; O.P. Ottersen (3 November 2000). Glutamate
Excitatory amino acid reuptake inhibitor
Excitatory_amino_acid_reuptake_inhibitor
Experimental drug
et al. (January 2012). "(1S, 3S)-3-amino-4-difluoromethylenyl-1-cyclopentanoic acid (CPP-115), a potent γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inactivator for
CPP-115
Index of chemical compounds with the same molecular formula
exact mass: 106.0089 u) may refer to: Thiolactic acid (2-mercaptopropionic acid) 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) This set index page lists chemical structure
C3H6O2S
Chemical compound
2-Aminoadipic acid JFD01307SC Methionine sulfoximine Phosphinothricin (glufosinate) GADTooltip Glutamate decarboxylase 3-Mercaptopropionic acid AAOA L-Allylglycine
Nigericin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC32A1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral
Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter
Vesicular_inhibitory_amino_acid_transporter
Chemical compound
Aminooxyacetic acid, often abbreviated AOA or AOAA, is a compound that inhibits 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA-T) activity in vitro and in vivo
Aminooxyacetic_acid
Drug that induces convulsions
synthesis inhibitors are drugs that inhibit the action of GABA. 3-Mercaptopropionic acid Allylglycine Glycine receptor antagonists are drugs which inactivates
Convulsant
Type of enzyme inhibition
further evaluated. First, cPEPCK was placed in the presence of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid, or 3-MPA, a known inhibitor of the enzyme. It was compared to the
Mixed_inhibition
Collection of bound atoms or molecules
2-phenylethanethiol, thiolated α-cyclodextrin and 3-mercaptopropionic acid and bidentate dihydrolipoic acid are other thiolated compounds currently being
Nanocluster
Pharmaceutical compound
orthosteric binding site of GABAA receptors with heterocyclic GABA carboxylic acid bioisosteres". Neurochem Res. 39 (6): 1005–1015. doi:10.1007/s11064-013-1226-6
Dihydromuscimol
Drug used to treat anxiety disorders
synaptosomal uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a bicyclo-heptane derivative". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 39 (3): 295–7. PMID 2502985. Celada P, Puig M,
Deramciclane
Chemical compound
Xanthurenic acid, or xanthurenate, is a metabolic intermediate that accumulates and is excreted by pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficient animals after the
Xanthurenic_acid
Protein found in humans
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC1A1 gene. EAAT3 is expressed on the plasma membrane of neurons
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3
Excitatory_amino_acid_transporter_3
Catechin (polyphenol) in tea
gallate (EGCG), also known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is the ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid, and is a type of catechin. EGCG—the most abundant
Epigallocatechin_gallate
Family of transport proteins
the inverted five-transmembrane-helix repeat similar to that in the amino acid/Na+ symporter, LeuT. Kalayil et al. (2013) showed that mutations of arginine
Betaine_transporter
Type of peptides
"Building-Blocks for Glycopeptide Synthesis – Glycosylation of 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid and Fmoc Amino-Acids with Unprotected Carboxyl Groups". Tetrahedron Letters
Glycopeptide
Protein found in humans
Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the SLC1A3 gene. EAAT1 is also often called the GLutamate ASpartate
Excitatory amino acid transporter 1
Excitatory_amino_acid_transporter_1
081.751.700 – propionic acids MeSH D02.241.081.751.700.350 – flurbiprofen MeSH D02.241.081.751.700.550 – 3-mercaptopropionic acid MeSH D02.241.081.751.700
List_of_MeSH_codes_(D02)
Protein found in humans
Excitatory amino-acid transporter 5 (EAAT5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC1A7 gene. EAAT5 is expressed predominantly in the retina,
Excitatory amino acid transporter 5
Excitatory_amino_acid_transporter_5
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