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Multiphase chemical reactor
A bubble column reactor is a chemical reactor that belongs to the general class of multiphase reactors, which consists of three main categories: trickle
Bubble_column_reactor
Photochemical reaction
A. O’Hara: Ultrapurification of SiCl4 by photochlorination in a bubble column reactor. In: AIChE Journal. 36, 1990, p. 216–226, doi:10.1002/aic.690360207
Photochlorination
Type of Soviet nuclear power reactor
reactor") is a class of graphite-moderated nuclear power reactor designed and built by the Soviet Union. It is somewhat like a boiling water reactor as
RBMK
Chemical reactions that convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons
particles suspended in oil have been performed by Fischer. The bubble column reactor with a powdered iron slurry catalyst and a CO-rich syngas was particularly
Fischer–Tropsch_process
reactor, a bubble column reactor or a tube reactor, followed by further processing depending on the target product. In case of a stirred tank reactor
Organic_photochemistry
investigated reactor types like Trickle-bed reactors, bubble-column reactors and gas-lift reactors have specific drawbacks and advantages regarding the
Syngas_fermentation
Dimensionless number in fluid dynamics
in the estimation of gas holdup in a bubble column. In a bubble column, the gas holdup (fraction of a bubble column that is gas at a given time) can be
Archimedes_number
Production of methane by microorganisms
investigated reactor types like Trickle-bed reactors, bubble-column reactors and gas-lift reactors have specific drawbacks and advantages regarding the
Biological_methanation
American civil/environmental engineer
wastewater. Having researched that, he developed a ten-liter semi-batch bubble column reactor in collaboration with a team of academics, and tested its operation
Richard_O._Mines_Jr.
Form of hydrothermal treatment
century. Commercial systems typically use a bubble column reactor, where air is bubbled through a vertical column that is liquid full of the hot and pressurized
Wet_oxidation
and a 1200L raceway pond system, as well as a range of smaller bubble column reactor systems at 3.5L and 11L capacity for smaller scale algal production
Plymouth_Marine_Laboratory
Device used for cultivating micro or macro algae
penetration of the light as well. A bubble column photo reactor consists of vertically arranged cylindrical columns made out of transparent material. The
Algae_bioreactor
Indian scientist
Chemical Laboratory, Pune. He is known for his work on bubble column, stirred and trickle-bed reactors and is an elected fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences
Vivek_Ranade
Electricity generation by nuclear fusion
energy. Devices that use this process are known as fusion reactors. Research on fusion reactors began in the 1940s. As of 2025, the National Ignition Facility
Fusion_power
Chemical equipment
falling-film column packed column bubble column spray tower gas–liquid agitated vessel. Examples of stagewise gas–liquid contactors are: plate column rotating
Gas–liquid_contactor
Highly agitated, chaotic fluid motion
in nuclear reactor vessel boiling flow. A flow in which the number of bubbles is low is called ideally-separated bubble flow. The bubbles don’t interact
Churn_turbulent_flow
Structure surrounding a nuclear reactor to prevent radioactive releases
is a reinforced steel, concrete or lead structure enclosing a nuclear reactor. It is designed, in any emergency, to contain the escape of radioactive
Containment_building
understood for all reactors at this site applicable to the given column, not a per reactor figure. China is evaluating the construction of a high level waste
Nuclear_power_in_China
Dimensionless constant in fluid mechanics
(German) Akita, K.; Yoshida, F. Bubble Size, Interfacial Area, and Liquid-Phase Mass Transfer Coefficient in Bubble Columns. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry
Galilei_number
Type of boiling
active, increased bubble formation causes bubble interference and coalescence. In this region the vapor escapes as jets or columns which subsequently
Nucleate_boiling
Wastewater treatment aeration devices
the jet along the basin floor prior to the vertical rise of the gas bubble column to the liquid surface. In most industrial wastewater and biosolids applications
Jet_aerators
Nitrogen fixation process using electrical arcs
packed column or plate column absorption towers each four stories tall to produce approximately 40–50% nitric acid. The first towers bubbled the nitrogen
Birkeland–Eyde_process
Substance used to reduce or regulate the temperature of a system
nuclear reactors; it also has a secondary function as their coolant. Light water reactors, both boiling water and pressurised water reactors the most
Coolant
Experimental fusion reactor in the United Kingdom
and thus tends to expand according to the ideal gas law. For a fusion reactor, the problem is keeping the plasma contained against this pressure; any
ZETA_(fusion_reactor)
Metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99
the NRU reactor that remained out of service until completion of the repairs in August 2010.[citation needed] After the observation of gas bubble jets released
Technetium-99m
Reaction that combines atomic nuclei
France's WEST fusion reactor. It maintained a 90 million degree plasma for a record time of six minutes. This is a tokamak-style reactor which is the same
Nuclear_fusion
3D imaging technology
of the dynamics of spiral bubble plumes in bubble columns. 3D ECT is shown to be able to capture the spiral motion of bubble plumes, the structures of
Three-dimensional electrical capacitance tomography
Three-dimensional_electrical_capacitance_tomography
Wastewater treatment process using aeration and a biological floc
shaft/vertical treatment, surface-aerated basins, and sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Aeration methods include diffused aeration, surface aerators (cones)
Activated_sludge
Microscopic algae for food or animal feed
by bubbling air continuously at a mean flow rate. The two main types of vertical photobioreactors are the Flow-through VAP and the Bubble Column VAP
Culture of microalgae in hatcheries
Culture_of_microalgae_in_hatcheries
Country primarily in North America
world's nuclear electricity. It also has the highest number of nuclear power reactors of any country. From 2024, the U.S. plans to triple its nuclear power capacity
United_States
Finite element framework software
performance code applicable to a variety of fuel forms including light water reactor fuel rods, TRISO fuel particles, and metallic rod and plate fuel. It solves
MOOSE_(software)
American science fiction writer (born 1969)
used for several charity drives. He has written non-fiction books and columns on diverse topics such as finance, video games, films, astronomy, writing
John_Scalzi
American entrepreneur and venture capitalist (born 1967)
would weaken. In 2004, Thiel spoke of the dot-com bubble having migrated, in effect, into a growing bubble in the financial sector, and specified General
Peter_Thiel
American physicist
laureate Luis Alvarez performing particle physics experiments and working with bubble chambers. During his early years he also helped to co-create accelerator
Richard_A._Muller
Informal group of large marine mammals
underwater toroidal air-core vortex rings or "bubble rings". There are two main methods of producing bubble rings: rapid puffing of a burst of air into
Whale
Intelligence in machines
Reopening the plant, which suffered a partial nuclear meltdown of its Unit 2 reactor in 1979, will require Constellation to get through strict regulatory processes
Artificial_intelligence
Fusion power reactor design
type of fusion power reactor design. The name refers to the configuration of currents used to confine the plasma fuel in the reactor, arranged to run around
Theta_pinch
Chemical element with atomic number 54 (Xe)
and is the most significant (and unwanted) neutron absorber in nuclear reactors. Xenon was discovered in England by the Scottish chemist William Ramsay
Xenon
Process of separating commercially valuable minerals from their ores
plunging jet that generates fine bubbles with higher kinetic energy. Further improvements include staged flotation reactors that split the flotation process
Mineral_processing
Tabular arrangement of the chemical elements
ordered arrangement of the chemical elements into rows ("periods") and columns ("groups"). An icon of chemistry, the periodic table is also widely used
Periodic_table
been used to visualize processes involving mixing, crystallization, bubble columns, packed beds, flows, and separations. Electrical capacitance tomography
Industrial_Tomography_Systems
American political controversy
[Kennedy] exerted on ... Ben-Gurion, to shed light on Dimona's nuclear reactor in Israel". In a speech before the United Nations General Assembly in 2009
John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories
John_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories
Chemical lab apparatus for collecting water from a reactor
synthetic chemistry to collect water (or occasionally other liquid) from a reactor. It is used in combination with a reflux condenser and a distillation flask
Dean–Stark_apparatus
but it is also possible to sort each column individually by clicking the square icon at the top of each column. The Nintendo 3DS system is region locked
List of Nintendo 3DS games (N–Z)
List_of_Nintendo_3DS_games_(N–Z)
investigations of the flow patterns in the hot leg of a pressurized water reactor". Nuclear Engineering and Design. 188 (1): 75–84. Bibcode:1999NuEnD.188
Dimensionless numbers in fluid mechanics
Dimensionless_numbers_in_fluid_mechanics
Removing positive ions from hard water
calcium removal in water treatment: Integral operation improvements and reactor design strategies". Water Research. 268 (Pt. B) 122781. Bibcode:2025WatRe
Water_softening
Chemical element with atomic number 7 (N)
to the primary coolant piping in a pressurised water reactor must be restricted during reactor power operation. It is a sensitive and immediate indicator
Nitrogen
Natural material created during volcanic eruptions
volatiles (mainly water and carbon dioxide) to exsolve into gas bubbles. As more bubbles nucleate a foam is produced, which decreases the density of the
Volcanic_ash
Hygroscopic chemical compound of variable Na2O/SiO2 ratio precursor of waterglass
(usually as quartz sand), caustic soda, and water, with hot steam in a reactor. The overall reaction is 2x NaOH + SiO 2 → (Na 2O) x·SiO 2 + x H 2O Sodium
Sodium_silicate
Device to measure temperature
by exposing it to the sun, expanding air exits the sphere and generates bubbles in the vessel. As air in the sphere cools, a partial vacuum is created
Thermometer
Decade of the Gregorian calendar (2000–2009)
the operation, Israel bombed what was believed to be a Syrian nuclear reactor on September 6, 2007, which was thought to be built with the aid of North
2000s
Rock consolidated from volcanic ash
triangular with convex sides. They are the shattered walls of countless small bubbles that formed in the magma as dissolved gases rapidly came out of solution
Tuff
Economic downturn in Germany
obtained one-quarter of its electricity from nuclear energy, using 17 reactors. The following gap was primarily filled by Russian natural gas, inadvertently
German economic crisis (2022–present)
German_economic_crisis_(2022–present)
Mathematical framework for investment risk
at a particular plant until several similar events occurred in the same reactor design. — Douglas W. Hubbard, The Failure of Risk Management, p. 67, John
Modern_portfolio_theory
First detonation of a nuclear weapon
quantities bred in a reactor. In April 1944, Los Alamos physicist Emilio Segrè discovered that plutonium produced by the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Clinton Engineer
Trinity_(nuclear_test)
volume, reactor volume, and the number of contaminants in the gas flow stream. Complete destruction of VOC's can be achieved in the annular reactor for specific
Microplasma
Proving David A. Trampier Is One of the Best Fantasy Artists of All Time". Reactor. Retrieved June 16, 2024. Kaneda (May–June 1998). "Moonlight Madness".
List of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition monsters
List_of_Advanced_Dungeons_&_Dragons_2nd_edition_monsters
Smallest unit of a chemical element
artificially generated either deliberately or as by-products of nuclear reactors or explosions. Of the transuranic elements—those with atomic numbers greater
Atom
Method of heat removal from components and industrial equipment
ambient temperature. Some nuclear reactors use heavy water as coolant. Heavy water is employed in nuclear reactors because it is a weaker neutron absorber
Water_cooling
Chemical element with atomic number 2 (He)
radioactive isotopes under reactor conditions, helium is used as a heat-transfer medium in some gas-cooled nuclear reactors. Helium, mixed with a heavier
Helium
Diverse group of photosynthetic organisms
into two categories: open reactors and enclosed reactors. Open reactors are exposed to the atmosphere while enclosed reactors, also commonly called photobioreactors
Algae
Public university in Minnesota, U.S.
using cross-circulation. 1955 saw Richard DeWall and Lillehei develop the bubble oxygenator, setting the stage for modern heart-lung machines. This was followed
University_of_Minnesota
Indian chemical engineer and professor (1934–2022)
contactors and batch sonochemical reactors. He also contributed to the development of a large scale fluidized bed reactor by which copper sulphate is manufactured
Rajinder Kumar (chemical engineer)
Rajinder_Kumar_(chemical_engineer)
March 28: The Three Mile Island nuclear accident, a partial meltdown of reactor number 2 of Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station (TMI-2) in Dauphin
Timeline_of_the_20th_century
level to record high, as analysts warn of bubble". Reuters. August 2, 2020. "The tale of Iran's stockmarket bubble is familiar—but also strange". The Economist
Economy_of_Iran
Acoustic sensing method
generated by the vehicle. For this reason, many submarines operate nuclear reactors that can be cooled without pumps, using silent convection, or fuel cells
Sonar
Process of making an image with neutrons
P. Barton (UK) began evaluating neutrons for investigating irradiated reactor fuel. Subsequently, a number of research facilities were developed. The
Neutron_imaging
Ongoing chronological account of events using or studying nuclear fusion
Diffusion Inhibitor. This is the first attempt to make a working fusion reactor. 1939 Peter Thonemann develops a detailed plan for a pinch device, but
Timeline_of_nuclear_fusion
Retired US Navy officer and professor of oceanography (born 1942)
first investigated the two submarines, assessed the state of their nuclear reactors, and determined if their long submergence had caused any radioactive environmental
Robert_Ballard
Transparent tank of water for fish and water-dwelling species
light and ripples on the surface of the water to cast realistic shadows. Bubbles and water noises are common for virtual aquariums, which are often used
Aquarium
Equipment used to transfer heat between fluids
power plants called pressurized water reactors, special large heat exchangers pass heat from the primary (reactor plant) system to the secondary (steam
Heat_exchanger
method for high temperature pressure-bearing components in nuclear fusion reactors [original draft with this number unknown] ISO/TR 4234:2026 Non-active surgical
List of ISO standards 3000–4999
List_of_ISO_standards_3000–4999
patented by Marvin Minsky in 1957. 1957 Air-bubble packing Better known by the brand name of Bubble Wrap, air-bubble packing is a pliable transparent plastic
Timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991)
Timeline_of_United_States_inventions_(1946–1991)
on label, live albums and white label/promotional albums. The right-hand column of this section lists all of the albums chronologically. The following is
Fluke_discography
US science fiction magazine
Ashley (2000), pp. 226–227. Menadue, Christopher Benjamin (2018). "Hubbard Bubble, Dianetics Trouble: An Evaluation of the Representations of Dianetics and
Analog Science Fiction and Fact
Analog_Science_Fiction_and_Fact
(19 GW). As of 2007 in the United States, there are 104 commercial nuclear reactors in the US, generating approximately 20% of the nation's total electric
Electricity sector of the United States
Electricity_sector_of_the_United_States
2008). College affordability about future. Burlington Free Press (and other column subscribers). Jay Mathews (October 19, 2009). "Tests don't always offer
Education in the United States
Education_in_the_United_States
Acoustic guitars October 26, 2002 2-08 21 Fibreglass boats Clothes dryers Bubble gum Fireworks November 2, 2002 2-09 22 Safes False teeth Airplanes Maple
List of How It's Made episodes
List_of_How_It's_Made_episodes
Fish tank water filter
for different purposes. The fluidized bed filter (FBF) is a biological reactor only. The principle is to direct water through a sand (or similar media)
Aquarium_filter
2008 Canadian TV series or program
loss of power reaches the nuclear power plants. Computers shut off the reactors and stop the reactions inside, but the nuclear power plants could cause
Aftermath:_Population_Zero
uses samarium ratios from the Oklo prehistoric natural nuclear fission reactor in Gabon to show that some laws of physics have remained unchanged for
Timeline of cosmological theories
Timeline_of_cosmological_theories
American writer and biochemist (1920–1992)
would prefer living in "no danger whatsoever" to living near a nuclear reactor, he would still prefer a home near a nuclear power plant to a slum on Love
Isaac_Asimov
USSR blockade of Berlin (1948–1949)
rally against "cosmopolitans", categorising them as an American "fifth column"; the press highlighted stories uncovering cosmopolitans within Soviet culture
Berlin_Blockade
Electronic non-volatile computer storage device
number of bits (or cells), with each word being confined to a particular column of the grid, and the bits being in different rows. All the bits of a particular
Flash_memory
Methane formed and found in water
systems through three primary pathways: Ebullition (bubble formation): Aquatic methane forms bubbles in sediments that rise to the surface and release into
Aquatic_methane
Processes for treating wastewater produced as an industrial by-product
Radionuclides from uranium mining, processing nuclear fuel, operating nuclear reactors, or disposal of radioactive waste. Some industrial discharges include persistent
Industrial wastewater treatment
Industrial_wastewater_treatment
Scout: The Frightening True Story Of A Whiz Kid And His Homemade Nuclear Reactor. Villard. ISBN 9780812966602. Klemens Fiebach; Dieter Grimm (2007), "Resins
List_of_patent_medicines
singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer and actor (Luna Sea, X Japan, Juno Reactor and S.K.I.N.) July 10 – Jonas Kaufmann, operatic tenor July 12 – Lady Saw
1969_in_music
2012). "White Whale, Holy Grail: Moby Dick and Mastodon's Leviathan". LitReactor. Retrieved May 5, 2020. Pementel, Michael; Kaufman, Spencer (August 31
List of songs based on literary works
List_of_songs_based_on_literary_works
Abram Alikhanov (1904–1970), Armenia/USSR – Soviet atomic bomb, nuclear reactor Bruce Ames (1928–2024), U.S. – Ames test (Cell biology) Giovanni Battista
List_of_inventors
Study of earthquake-resistant structures
towers, power stations, floating storage and offshore facilities, nuclear reactor vessels, and numerous kinds of bridge systems. A beneficial idea of prestressing
Earthquake_engineering
Author bibliography
2007, ISBN 1-58240-693-6) Thought Bubble Anthology #2: "Soon" (with Tula Lotay, 2012) collected in Thought Bubble Anthology Collection (tpb, 136 pages
Warren_Ellis_bibliography
out today". Eurogamer. Retrieved 2023-04-21. "What is Shiftlings". GameReactor. Retrieved May 2, 2014. "Shiness". Kickstarter. Retrieved June 12, 2014
List_of_Xbox_One_games_(M–Z)
presented a significant problem; a key measure of the attractiveness of a reactor design was its beta, the ratio of magnetic field strength to confined plasma
Interchange_instability
Study of the hydrogen isotopes fractionation
greatly advanced the understanding of radioactivity. 3H is a byproduct in reactors, a result of hitting lithium-6 with neutrons, producing almost 5 MeV of
Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry
Hydrogen_isotope_biogeochemistry
Belarusian scientist and civil activist
the AI bubble". 2digital.news. Archived from the original on 2025-12-18. Retrieved 2025-12-20. Korsak, Dzmitry (2026-01-09). "When the AI bubble bursts
Siarhei_Besarab
2017 video game
a red 'X' through it, these notes must be avoided. The button that the column corresponds to must not be touched (hit or held) at any point until the
StepManiaX
Microtechnology
Chamber-based architecture is the result of shrinking down of conventional PCR reactors, which is difficult to scale up. A four-layer glass-PDMS device has been
Bio-MEMS
Knights Computers Knights Computers T.D.F: Great Monster War – Desperate Reactor Defense Operation (aka TDF大怪獣戦争 電力炉防衛作戦) 1988 Strategy N Y Y Y Data West
List_of_MSX_games
Process of mechanically stirring a heterogeneous mixture to homogenize it
processing almost always involves some form of mixing. Some classes of chemical reactors are also mixers. With the right equipment, it is possible to mix a solid
Mixing_(process_engineering)
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BUBBLE COLUMN-REACTOR
BUBBLE COLUMN-REACTOR
BUBBLE COLUMN-REACTOR
BUBBLE COLUMN-REACTOR
BUBBLE COLUMN-REACTOR
BUBBLE COLUMN-REACTOR
BUBBLE COLUMN-REACTOR
BUBBLE COLUMN-REACTOR
BUBBLE COLUMN-REACTOR
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