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Methane formed and found in water
Aquatic methane is defined as biogenic methane (CH4) formed in water as a product of microbial activity during the decomposition of organic material under
Aquatic_methane
Source of gas emissions
bubbles of methane into the air. These bubbles occur as a result of aquatic methane building up over time in the soil, forming pockets of methane gas. As
Greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands
Greenhouse_gas_emissions_from_wetlands
Potential biological pathway for atmospheric methane production
to contribute methane to the atmosphere. Several sources and mechanisms have been identified for the production of methane in aquatic environments. One
Aerobic_methane_production
Sources of methane gas in Earth's atmosphere
Sources of methane emissions due to human activity (year 2020 estimates) Fossil Fuel Use (33.0%) Animal Agriculture (30.0%) Plant Agriculture (18.0%)
Methane_emissions
Methane (CH4) in Earth's atmosphere
methane production include microorganisms anaerobically converting organic compounds into methane (methanogenesis), which are widespread in aquatic ecosystems
Atmospheric_methane
Oxygen-free break down of material
digestion reduces sludge volume and pathogen content while generating methane-rich biogas that can be used for renewable energy production. The liquid
Anaerobic_digestion
Biogeochemical cycle
that is most commonly seen in the environment, through terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Living organisms require phosphorus, a vital component of DNA
Phosphorus_cycle
Ocean floor area with hydrocarbon-rich seepage
area of the ocean floor where seepage of fluids rich in hydrogen sulfide, methane, and other hydrocarbons occurs, often in the form of a brine pool. Cold
Cold_seep
Type of microorganism that uses methane as a carbon source
Methanotrophs (sometimes called methanophiles) are prokaryotes that metabolize methane as their source of carbon and chemical energy. They are bacteria or archaea
Methanotroph
Gas produced naturally within marshes, swamps and bogs
known for stimulating methane production in aquatic muds and using acetate, methanol, and trimethylamine as substrates for methane production. Global wetlands
Marsh_gas
USA Swimming Club in City of Industry, California
The Industry Hills Aquatic Club (IHAC) was a prominent USA Swimming club located in the City of Industry, California, from 1979 until August 2005. For
Industry_Hills_Aquatic_Club
Bacteria using nitrate and nitrite as a terminal electron acceptor
excess electrons from methane oxidation to reduce nitrates, effectively removing both fixed nitrogen and methane from aquatic systems in habitats ranging
Denitrifying_bacteria
Environmental microbiologist with particular interest in aquatic systems
with particular interest in aquatic systems. She is mostly known for her work on organic matter particles and oxic methane production. Since July 2024
Mina_Bizic
Arctic research camp
Canadian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 273. Retrieved 22 June 2023. Welch, H. E. (1980). "Methane addition to an arctic lake in winter"
Saqvaqjuac
Tar distillation byproduct used as wood preservative
degradation of the intermediates leading to the production of carbon dioxide and methane. The p-hydroxylbenzyl alcohol, p-hydroxylbenzaldehye, p-hyrdoxylbenzoate
Creosote
and fermenting it to produce methane for energy production. Mechanical weed harvesters are effective at clearing aquatic weeds and the machines provide
Aquatic_weed_harvester
Possible alternative biochemicals used by life forms
molecule, and cosmically abundant; and non-polar hydrocarbon solvents such as methane and ethane, which are known to exist in liquid form on the surface of Titan
Hypothetical types of biochemistry
Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry
American ecologist
Walter) is an Alaskan aquatic ecologist and biogeochemist researching carbon and nutrient cycling between terrestrial and aquatic systems, and the cryosphere
Katey_Walter_Anthony
Life in the deep subsurface of the Earth
such as hydrogen (released from rocks by various chemical processes), methane (CH4), reduced sulfur compounds, and ammonium (NH4). They "breathe" electron
Deep_biosphere
Bacteria species
human health, and can lead to eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems and algal blooms. Meanwhile methane is a potent greenhouse gas that has a stronger greenhouse
Methylomirabilis_oxyfera
Type of microorganism that produces methane as a waste product
Methanogens are anaerobic archaea that produce methane as a byproduct of their energy metabolism, i.e., catabolism. Methane production, or methanogenesis, is the
Methanogen
Aquatic plant native to the Amazon basin
Eichhornia crassipes), commonly known as common water hyacinth, is an aquatic plant native to South America, naturalized throughout the world, and often
Pontederia_crassipes
Cave in Constanța County, Romania
in the cave atmosphere, versus 0.04% CO2 in air). It also contains 1–2% methane (CH4) and both the air and waters of the cave contain high concentrations
Movile_Cave
Impact of farming animals on the environment
their burps are the main source of methane emissions from land use, land-use change, and forestry. Together with methane and nitrous oxide from manure, this
Environmental impacts of animal agriculture
Environmental_impacts_of_animal_agriculture
Earth's most severe extinction event
ignited by the eruptions; emissions of methane from the gasification of methane clathrates; emissions of methane by novel methanogenic microorganisms nourished
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
Chemical compound
one bromine atom, two chlorine atom, and one iodine atom attached to the methane backbone. Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations II: A
Bromodichloroiodomethane
Ecosystem that is flooded or saturated with water
A wetland is a distinct semi-aquatic ecosystem whose groundcovers are flooded or saturated in water, either permanently, for years or decades, or only
Wetland
Organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments
hydrogenotrophic, aceticlastic and methylotrophic methanogenesis for methane production in terrestrial, aquatic and other anoxic environments: A mini review". Pedosphere
Chemotroph
Chemical compound
PMC 3574924. PMID 23359712. This group [Afipia] is commonly found in aquatic environments and is known to use dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) as a sole carbon
Methylsulfonylmethane
Plant species in the veronica family
is a prolific methane emitter. The roots of H. vulgaris extend into the anoxic zone of wetland soils and create a conduit for methane produced in the
Hippuris_vulgaris
Biome where plant growth is hindered by frigid temperatures
large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide in the permafrost, making the tundra soil a carbon sink
Tundra
Large animals
atmospheric concentration of methane, which is an important greenhouse gas. Modern ruminant herbivores produce methane as a byproduct of foregut fermentation
Megafauna
Gradual buildup of substances in an organism
Eller, Gundula (May 2007). "Methane-derived carbon flows through methane-oxidizing bacteria to higher trophic levels in aquatic systems". Environmental Microbiology
Bioaccumulation
Lake in Sulawesi, Indonesia
around 1.25 mmol/L. The amount of Carbon-14 in methane sampled from the lake suggests that the methane is only around 2 millennia old, and could not have
Lake_Matano
Organic matter that can be broken down
organic matter in waste which can be broken down into carbon dioxide, water, methane, compost, humus, and simple organic molecules by micro-organisms and other
Biodegradable_waste
Industrial production of molecular hydrogen
hydrogen made through steam methane reforming. In this process, hydrogen is produced from a chemical reaction between steam and methane, the main component of
Hydrogen_production
Type of wetland fed by mineral-rich ground or surface water
layers of peat combine carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas to form methane and water. This methane can then escape into the atmosphere and exert its warming effects
Fen
Flow of energy through food chains in ecological energetics
that produce heat and chemicals such as hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide and methane. Chemosynthetic bacteria can use the energy in the bonds of the hydrogen
Energy_flow_(ecology)
Global warming about 55 million years ago
the initial perturbation is that of methane clathrates. Under certain temperature and pressure conditions, methane – which is being produced continually
Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum
Paleocene–Eocene_thermal_maximum
American oceanographer and academic
interests include Arctic methane release from the thawing of permafrost. Chanton co-created the Master of Science in aquatic environmental sciences at
Jeff_Chanton
Type of bacterial growth associated with PVC plastics
from external threats. Like other species in its genus, pink algae is a methane consuming bacterium. It has an affinity for the matrix of PVC plastics
Pink_algae
Swamp in South Sudan
partly causing up to a third of the whole West African rise in atmospheric methane levels over the previous decade. The Sudd stretches from Mongalla to just
Sudd
Chemical reaction between a fuel and oxygen
stoichiometric combustion of methane in oxygen is: CH 4 methane + 2 O 2 ⟶ CO 2 + 2 H 2 O {\displaystyle {\ce {{\underset {methane}{CH4}}+ 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O}}}
Combustion
Lake in Ontario, Canada
A methane lake on Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, has been named 'Sparrow Lacus', after Sparrow Lake. That lake is composed of liquid methane and
Sparrow_Lake
to generation using natural gas. Coal mining releases methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Methane is the naturally occurring product of the decay of organic
Health and environmental impact of the coal industry
Health_and_environmental_impact_of_the_coal_industry
Non-soluble organic matter in aquatic and soil systems
material to water bodies. It is a source of food for both soil organisms and aquatic organisms and provides nutrients for plants. In water bodies, POM can contribute
Particulate_organic_matter
Species of flowering plant
Nuphar lutea, the yellow water-lily, is an aquatic plant of the family Nymphaeaceae, native to northern temperate and some subtropical regions of Europe
Nuphar_lutea
German geochemist
evidence", Schoell et al. identify that the two primary methods for aquatic and marine methane production are carbon dioxide reduction and acetate fermentation
Martin_Schoell
Use of algae as a source of energy-rich oils
algal biofuel research. Other work focusing on harvesting hydrogen gas, methane, or ethanol from algae, as well as nutritional supplements and pharmaceutical
Algae_fuel
Method for basic wastewater treatment (on-site)
which may generate carbon dioxide and/or methane. Both carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases, with methane having a global warming potential about
Septic_tank
Agricultural system
their release into the environment. The increased biodiversity may reduce methane emissions from rice fields. The simultaneous cultivation of rice and fish
Rice-fish_system
Biological oxidation of ammonia/ammonium to nitrate
source and are prevalent in a wide range of environments, such as soils, aquatic systems, and wastewater treatment plants. AOB possess enzymes called ammonia
Nitrification
Species of grass commonly known as reed
However, other studies have demonstrated that it is associated with larger methane emissions and greater carbon dioxide uptake than native New England salt
Phragmites_australis
is mainly inorganic. There are three fates of dissolved selenium in an aquatic ecosystem: 1. it can be absorbed or ingested by organisms; 2. it can bind
Selenium_cycle
is related to land use and water consumption, air emissions, including methane emissions, brine and fracturing fluid leakage, water contamination, noise
Environmental impact of fracking
Environmental_impact_of_fracking
hydroelectric reservoirs may emit 104 million metric tonnes of methane gas annually. Methane gas is a significant contributor to global climate change. This
Environmental impact of reservoirs
Environmental_impact_of_reservoirs
Chemical compound
Scheff, Peter A. (November 1992). "Source Fingerprints for Volatile Non-Methane Hydrocarbons". Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 42 (11):
Methylcyclohexane
Second epoch of the Paleogene Period
been available for methane release. If we compare the early Eocene production of methane to current levels of atmospheric methane, the early Eocene would
Eocene
Class of organic compounds
chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F). They are produced as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane. The most common example of a CFC is dichlorodifluoromethane
Chlorofluorocarbon
Superacid system prepared from a Brønsted and a Lewis superacid
hydrocarbons, and have been shown to protonate even weak bases, including methane, xenon, halogens, and molecular hydrogen. The term "superacid" was first
Magic_acid
Adding air to water
exchange at the surface and the release of gasses such as carbon dioxide, methane or hydrogen sulfide. Decreased levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) is a major
Water_aeration
Removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide through human activity
industrial emissions. CDR includes methods that are implemented on land or in aquatic systems. Land-based methods include afforestation, reforestation, agricultural
Carbon_dioxide_removal
Chemical compound of sulfur and oxygen
sulfates is largely equivalent to the warming caused by atmospheric methane (and since methane is a relatively short-lived greenhouse gas), it is believed that
Sulfur_dioxide
Offshore ocean structure with oil drilling and related facilities
surrounding air with methane. It is estimated that oil and gas facilities in the Gulf of Mexico emit approximately 500000 tons of methane each year, corresponding
Oil_platform
Accumulation of nutrients in water
releasing greenhouse gases such as methane and CO2. Some of the methane gas may be oxidised by anaerobic methane oxidation bacteria such as Methylococcus
Eutrophication
Phylum of bacteria
member of the NC10 phylum, is the first organism discovered to couple methane oxidation to the reduction of nitrite to dinitrogen (N2). This is significant
NC10_phylum
Order of small, herbivorous mammals
von Engelhardt, W.; Wolter, S.; Lawrenz, H.; Hemsley, J.A. (1978). "Production of methane in two non-ruminant herbivores". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
Hyrax
Chemical contamination
peatland. Ammonia also has effects on aquatic ecosystems and decreases the biodiversity. Ammonia is toxic to aquatic life which leads to increased amounts
Ammonia_pollution
Variation of the redox potential with distance (or depth)
scale as a function of spatial physiochemical variability. See sulfate-methane transition zone for coverage of microbial processes in SMTZs. Environment
Redox_gradient
Species of archaeon
found in high salinity aquatic environments. The name Methanohalophilus is said to be derived from methanum meaning "methane" in Latin; halo meaning
Methanohalophilus_mahii
Manmade earthen basin filled with animal waste that undergoes anaerobic respiration
whereby the volatile organic compounds are converted into carbon dioxide and methane. Anaerobic lagoons are usually used to pretreat high strength industrial
Anaerobic_lagoon
Natural processes of carbon exchange
dioxide and methane. Both of these gases absorb and retain heat in the atmosphere and are partially responsible for the greenhouse effect. Methane produces
Carbon_cycle
Submarine canyon in the Pacific Ocean near Washington, United States
ocean floor, to check oxygen levels, and investigate ocean acidification. Methane seeps have been found, inside and near Quinault Canyon. Abyssal fan Astoria
Quinault_Canyon
Analytical method to determine potency and effect of a substance
levels of methane in the air, miners would take methane-sensitive canaries into coal mines. If the canary died due to a build-up of methane, the miners
Bioassay
Accident occurring during the process of mining minerals
to flat-lying rock strata, generally incompetent rock, the presence of methane gas, and coal dust. Most of the deaths these days occur in developing countries
Mining_accident
Undersea landform
and high pressures (around 15 megapascals). Most gas hydrates contain methane, while other rare gas hydrates contain hydrogen sulfate or carbon dioxide
Gas_hydrate_pingo
Form of anaerobic digester used for wastewater treatment
is used for wastewater treatment. The UASB reactor is a methanogenic (methane-producing) digester that evolved from the anaerobic clarigester. A similar
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion
Upflow_anaerobic_sludge_blanket_digestion
industry's emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane, and micro-particulate aerosols like black carbon. Vehicle tailpipe emissions
Health and environmental impact of the petroleum industry
Health_and_environmental_impact_of_the_petroleum_industry
Wildland-ocean interface
ecss.2004.12.002. Strangmann, Antje; Bashan, Yoav; Giani, Luise (2008). "Methane in pristine and impaired mangrove soils and its possible effect on establishment
Marine_coastal_ecosystem
Liquid that extracts soluble or suspended solids
carbonaceous material producing a wide range of other materials including methane, carbon dioxide and a complex mixture of organic acids, aldehydes, alcohols
Leachate
Historic oxygen depletion events in Earth's oceans
consisting of compounds of methane hydrate, a solid precipitated combination of methane and water much like ice. Because the methane hydrates are unstable
Anoxic_event
Trophic pathway in marine microbial ecosystems
The microbial loop describes a trophic pathway where, in aquatic systems, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is returned to higher trophic levels via its
Microbial_loop
Group of bacteria
utilize the carbon from harmful compounds, such as methane, as their carbon source. This removes methane, a greenhouse gas, from the lagoon and reduces the
Purple_sulfur_bacteria
Aspect of climate change
these methane hydrates within the Arctic Ocean by decreasing pressure and increasing temperatures, allowing methane hydrates to melt and release methane into
Ocean acidification in the Arctic Ocean
Ocean_acidification_in_the_Arctic_Ocean
Gas layer surrounding Earth
gases, among which are other greenhouse gases, principally carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Besides argon, other noble gases, neon, helium
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Microorganisms that "breathe" sulfates
role in the anaerobic oxidation of methane: CH4 + SO42- → HCO3− + HS− + H2O An important fraction of the methane formed by methanogens below the seabed
Sulfate-reducing microorganism
Sulfate-reducing_microorganism
Time that has elapsed since a person has died
been recovered from. Bodies can be found anywhere from terrestrial to aquatic environments, each possessing their own variables that can alter interval
Post-mortem_interval
Any molecule with a cyano group (C≡N)
the Andrussow process in which gaseous hydrogen cyanide is produced from methane and ammonia in the presence of oxygen and a platinum catalyst. 2 CH4 +
Cyanide
Sea between Denmark and Sweden
generally from 0 to 30 m (0–100 ft) below the surface. The seeps rely on methane deposited during the Eemian period and during calm weather the bubbles
Kattegat
Biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms
third largest contributor to global warming, after carbon dioxide and methane. While not as abundant in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, it is, for
Nitrogen_cycle
Water from landfills carrying waste contaminants
carbonaceous material producing a wide range of other materials including methane, carbon dioxide and a complex mixture of organic acids, aldehydes, alcohols
Landfill_leachate
Freshwater rift lake in Russia
Granin; O. Khlystov; P. Krinitsky (2002). "Sublacustrine mud volcanoes and methane seeps caused by dissociation of gas hydrates in Lake Baikal". Geology.
Lake_Baikal
Hydroelectric power using water with a small vertical height difference
form methane – a far worse greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide”, particularly in the tropics. Low-head dams and weirs do not produce harmful methane. Groynes
Low-head_hydro_power
Organisms living in water or air that drift in the current or wind
not be practical at a large scale. Ocean oxygen depletion and resultant methane production (caused by the excess production remineralising at depth) is
Plankton
Management of farm animals
worms (e.g. earthworm and leech farming), as well as the cultivation of aquatic animals (aquaculture) such as fish, crustaceans (e.g. shrimps, crabs, crayfish
Animal_husbandry
toxic for humans (U.S. EPA maximum of 10 ppb in water) and detrimental to aquatic life. Arsenic toxicity can harm nearly every organ system within the human
Arsenic_cycle
Genus of carnivorous synapsids from the Permian
ice sheet was thought to have released light carbon from destabilized methane hydrates. The last Dimetrodon species, D. angelensis, was able to persist
Dimetrodon
Mixture used to improve soil fertility
methane; untreated waste breaks down anaerobically in a landfill, producing landfill gas that contains methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The methane produced
Compost
Chemical compound
genus Asparagopsis, to use as a feed additive for livestock to reduce methane emissions from ruminants. Natural production of bromoform by phytoplankton
Bromoform
"Effects of Natural Polymer Acetlation on the anaerobic Dioconversion to Methane and Carbon Dioxide". Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 34/35: 725–736
Environmental impact of cigarettes
Environmental_impact_of_cigarettes
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