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Compound active in mitochondria
Carnitine is a quaternary ammonium compound involved in metabolism in most mammals, plants, and some bacteria. In support of energy metabolism, carnitine
Carnitine
Form of L-carnitine
Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR or ALC), also known as levacecarnine, is an acetylated form of L-carnitine. It is naturally produced by the human body, and
Acetylcarnitine
Enzyme found in humans
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1) also known as carnitine acyltransferase I, CPTI, CAT1, CoA:carnitine acyl transferase (CCAT), or palmitoylCoA transferase
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I
Carnitine_palmitoyltransferase_I
Biochemical shuttle reaction
The Carnitine Shuttle is a biochemical reaction used to transport long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) from the cytosol into the matrix of the mitochondria
Carnitine_shuttle
Medical condition
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, sometimes shortened to CPT-II or CPT2, is an autosomal recessively inherited genetic metabolic disorder
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
Carnitine_palmitoyltransferase_II_deficiency
Carnitine biosynthesis is a method for the endogenous production of L-carnitine, a molecule that is essential for energy metabolism. In humans and many
Carnitine_biosynthesis
Protein family
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (also called carnitine palmitoyltransferase) is a mitochondrial transferase enzyme (EC 2.3.1.21) involved in the metabolism
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
Carnitine_O-palmitoyltransferase
Enzyme
In enzymology, a carnitine dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.89) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-carnitine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons
Carnitine_dehydratase
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) is responsible for passive transport of carnitine and carnitine-fatty acid complexes and across the inner mitochondrial
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase
Carnitine-acylcarnitine_translocase
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, (S)-carnitine 3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.254) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (S)-Carnitine + NAD+ H+ H+ 3-Dehydrocarnitine
(S)-carnitine_3-dehydrogenase
Chemical compound
co-A is then exchanged with carnitine (via the enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase I) to produce a fatty acid-carnitine complex. This complex is then
Meldonium
Medical condition
primary carnitine deficiency (SPCD) is an inborn error of fatty acid transport caused by a defect in the transporter responsible for moving carnitine across
Systemic primary carnitine deficiency
Systemic_primary_carnitine_deficiency
Mammalian protein found in humans
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPT2 gene. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II precursor
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II
Carnitine_palmitoyltransferase_II
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein associated with primary carnitine deficiency. This protein is involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. It acts a symporter, moving sodium
SLC22A5
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, carnitine 3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.108) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Carnitine + NAD+ H+ H+ 3-Dehydrocarnitine
Carnitine_3-dehydrogenase
Amino acid
polypeptides, uptake of essential mineral nutrients, and in the production of carnitine, which is key in fatty acid metabolism. Lysine is also often involved
Lysine
Enzyme
The enzyme carnitine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.42) catalyzes the chemical reaction carnitine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 2-methylcholine + CO2
Carnitine_decarboxylase
Enzyme
Carnitine O-acetyltransferase also called carnitine acetyltransferase (CRAT, or CAT) (EC 2.3.1.7) is an enzyme that encoded by the CRAT gene that catalyzes
Carnitine_O-acetyltransferase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
catalyses the formation of L-carnitine from gamma-butyrobetaine, the last step in the L-carnitine biosynthesis pathway. Carnitine is essential for the transport
Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase
Gamma-butyrobetaine_dioxygenase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
carnitine O-octanoyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CROT gene. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.137) is a carnitine acyltransferase
CROT_(gene)
Chemical compound
Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine (GPLC) is a propionyl ester of carnitine that includes an additional glycine component. Due to tissues esterases enzymes
Glycine_propionyl-L-carnitine
Medical condition
fatty-acid metabolism disorders. Carnitine Transport Defect Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency (CACT) Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase I & II (
Fatty-acid metabolism disorder
Fatty-acid_metabolism_disorder
Process of fatty acid breakdown
membranes. Acyl-carnitine is shuttled inside by a carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase, as a carnitine is shuttled outside. Acyl-carnitine is converted back
Beta_oxidation
Medical condition
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder that prevents the body from converting certain fats called long-chain fatty acids(LCFA)
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency
Carnitine_palmitoyltransferase_I_deficiency
Medical condition
movement. GA1 causes secondary carnitine deficiency, as glutaric acid, like other organic acids, is detoxified by carnitine. Intellectual disability may
Glutaric_aciduria_type_1
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
dietary nutrient. Adenine is a nucleobase synthesized by the human body. Carnitine is an essential dietary nutrient for certain worms, but not for humans
Vitamin_B4
Chemical compound
3-Dehydrocarnitine is an aliphatic quaternary ammonium betaine that is part of the carnitine family. At physiological pH of 7.3, the major species of 3-dehydrocarnitine
3-Dehydrocarnitine
Carnitine O-octanoyltransferase (CROT or COT) is a member of the transferase family, more specifically a carnitine acyltransferase, a type of enzyme which
Carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
Carnitine_O-octanoyltransferase
Medical condition
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that prevents the body from converting long-chain fatty
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency
Carnitine-acylcarnitine_translocase_deficiency
Chemical compound
mitochondria, it must react with carnitine in order to be transported across: Palmitoyl-CoA + Carnitine ⇌ Palmitoyl-Carnitine + CoA-SH This transesterification
Palmitoyl-CoA
Chemical compound
carnitine. This is not due to the drug itself, but to the pivalate anion, which is mostly removed from the body by forming a conjugate with carnitine
Pivmecillinam
Chemical compound
of 3-hydroxyisovaleryl CoA does not occur (22). The transfer to carnitine by 4 carnitine acyl-CoA transferases distributed in subcellular compartments likely
Β-Hydroxybutyric_acid
Chemical group, –C(=O)CH3
Ames, B. N. (2004). "Comparison of the effects of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine on carnitine levels, ambulatory activity, and oxidative stress biomarkers
Acetyl_group
Plant-based dog food
protein intake, imbalance of certain amino acids, such as taurine and L-carnitine and potential vitamin or mineral deficiency. To offset these risks, supplements
Vegetarian_and_vegan_dog_diet
Medication used for epilepsy, bipolar disorder and migraine
Igisu H (July 1993). "Comparison of the effects of L-carnitine, D-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine on the neurotoxicity of ammonia". Biochemical Pharmacology
Valproate
Condition in which damaged skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly
glycogen storage diseases VIII, IX, X and XI Lipid metabolism defects: carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and II deficiency, deficiency of subtypes of acyl
Rhabdomyolysis
Sleep disorder of unknown cause
of acetyl-L-carnitine was shown to improve these symptoms in mice. A subsequent human trial found that narcolepsy patients given L-carnitine spent less
Idiopathic_hypersomnia
Product providing additional nutrients
supplements containing selenium, zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10 or carnitines reported improvements in total sperm count, concentration, motility, and
Dietary_supplement
Set of biological processes
membranes. Acyl-carnitine is shuttled inside by a carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase, as a carnitine is shuttled outside. Acyl-carnitine is converted back
Fatty_acid_metabolism
Medical condition
substance, supplement or medicine that contains a TMA precursor (choline or carnitine) is ingested. Some precursor is absorbed into the bloodstream in the small
Trimethylaminuria
Medical condition
carnitine deficiency - SLC22A5 (carnitine transporter) Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency - Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase Carnitine
Inborn error of lipid metabolism
Inborn_error_of_lipid_metabolism
Chemical compound responsible for rotten fish odor
several[which?] routes in nature. Well studied are the degradation of choline and carnitine. Trimethylamine is used in the synthesis of choline, tetramethylammonium
Trimethylamine
Chemical compound
Palmitoylcarnitine is an ester derivative of carnitine involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. During the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), fatty acids
Palmitoylcarnitine
Disease resulting from a lack of vitamin C
an antioxidant, is required to make the building blocks for collagen, carnitine, and catecholamines, and assists the intestines in the absorption of iron
Scurvy
Acyl CoA with a fatty acid tail
fatty acyl carnitine by carnitine acyltransferase I, an enzyme of the inner leaflet of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Fatty acyl carnitine is then transported
Fatty_acyl-CoA_esters
Chronic neurological sleep disorder
acetyl-L-carnitine was shown to improve these symptoms in mice. A subsequent human trial found that people with narcolepsy given L-carnitine spent less
Narcolepsy
Condition involving an enlarged, ineffective heart
carnitine supplementation may be indicated even if the dog does not have a documented taurine or carnitine deficiency although the cost of carnitine supplementation
Dilated_cardiomyopathy
Rare metabolic disease
accumulate and carnitine acyltransferases cannot use malonic acid or methylmalonic acid as substrates. In addition, no deficiency of free carnitine has been
Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria
Combined_malonic_and_methylmalonic_aciduria
Protein family
Gerbitz KD, Kilimann MW (August 1999). "Carnitine transporter OCTN2 mutations in systemic primary carnitine deficiency: a novel Arg169Gln mutation and
Major_facilitator_superfamily
Group of vitamins
Vitamin B4: can refer to the distinct chemicals choline, adenine, or carnitine. Choline is synthesized by the human body, but not sufficiently to maintain
B_vitamins
Metabolic process
conjugated to carnitine by carnitine acyltransferase I (palmitoyltransferase) I located on the outer mitochondrial membrane Acyl carnitine is shuttled inside
Fatty_acid_degradation
Aspect of healthcare
Inazu M, Matsumiya T (June 2008). "[Physiological functions of carnitine and carnitine transporters in the central nervous system]". Nihon Shinkei Seishin
Management_of_ME/CFS
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
actin cytoskeleton fibrillar center cytoplasm cytosol Biological process carnitine shuttle malonyl-CoA biosynthetic process lipid metabolism fatty acid metabolic
ACACA
Chemical compound
ackee fruit, grown in Jamaica and in Africa. By blocking coenzyme A and carnitine, MPCA causes a decrease in β-oxidation of fatty acids, and hence gluconeogenesis
Methylene cyclopropyl acetic acid
Methylene_cyclopropyl_acetic_acid
Food for consumption by cats
An important component of many weight loss/weight control diets is L-carnitine. This is a vitamin-like substance that is found in animal protein. It
Cat_food
metabolism 277.81 Primary carnitine deficiency 277.82 Carnitine deficiency due to inborn errors of metabolism 277.83 Iatrogenic carnitine deficiency 277.84 Other
List of ICD-9 codes 240–279: endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and immunity disorders
List_of_ICD-9_codes_240–279:_endocrine,_nutritional_and_metabolic_diseases,_and_immunity_disorders
Class of enzymes
hydrolase, HACH, carnitine ester hydrolase, palmitoylcarnitine hydrolase, palmitoyl-L-carnitine hydrolase, long-chain acyl-L-carnitine hydrolase, and palmitoyl
Acylcarnitine_hydrolase
Chemical compound
of 3-hydroxyisovaleryl CoA does not occur (22). The transfer to carnitine by 4 carnitine acyl-CoA transferases distributed in subcellular compartments likely
Leucine
Pet foods catered toward senior pets
decline as the dog ages which leads to the inclusion of vitamin E and L-carnitine in senior dog diets to combat this decline. Skin and coat health can also
Senior_dog_diet
Medical condition
identified with MCADD after their infants had positive newborn screens for low carnitine levels. The enzyme medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) is responsible
Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
Medium-chain_acyl-coenzyme_A_dehydrogenase_deficiency
Bodybuilding term
normal metabolic processes in the body: Acid maltase deficiency Carnitine deficiency Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency Debrancher Enzyme Deficiency
Hardgainer
Class of enzymes
dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in lysine degradation and carnitine biosynthesis. Carnitine biosynthesis γ-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase Nε-Trimethyllysine
4-trimethylammoniobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
4-trimethylammoniobutyraldehyde_dehydrogenase
oxfenicine, perhexiline CPT-I (carnitine palmitoyl transferase) converts fatty acyl-CoA to fatty acyl-carnitine. Carnitine biosynthesis inhibitor: mildronate
Fatty acid oxidation inhibitors
Fatty_acid_oxidation_inhibitors
Beverage containing stimulants
B-vitamins (B6 and B12), BCAA, EAA and other compounds such as taurine, L-carnitine, rhodiola rosea or ginseng extract. Due to the lack of caffeine or CNS
Energy_drink
TMAO Chemical compound
quaternary ammonium compounds, like choline, trimethylglycine, and L-carnitine. High TMAO concentrations are associated with an increased risk of all-cause
Trimethylamine_N-oxide
Protein-coding gene in humans
microvillus membrane Biological process cell population proliferation carnitine transport positive regulation of ion transmembrane transport regulation
PDZK1
Abnormal growth of scar tissue within the penis
measure treatment efficacy. Not recommended oral therapies include Acetyl-L-carnitine and vitamin E . Mechanical treatments in the form of penile traction therapy
Peyronie's_disease
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
TMLHE gene in chromosome X. Mutations in the TMLHE gene resulting in carnitine biosynthesis disruption have been associated with autism symptoms. The
TMLHE
Sulfur-containing amino acid
metabolites. Methionine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cysteine, carnitine, taurine, lecithin, phosphatidylcholine, and other phospholipids. Improper
Methionine
Topics referred to by the same term
stand for: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1A, CPT1, CPT1-L, L-CPT1), a mitochondrial enzyme responsible for the formation of acyl carnitines Carboxypeptidase
CPT
Human protein-coding gene
Protein CDV3 homolog also known as carnitine deficiency-associated gene expressed in ventricle 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDV3 gene
CDV3_(gene)
Species of plant
acyl CoA compounds, often binding irreversibly to coenzyme A, carnitine and carnitine acyltransferase I and II, reducing their bioavailability and consequently
Ackee
Polyatomic ions of the form N(–R)4 (charge +1)
exist in nature. Prominent examples include glycine betaine, choline, carnitine, butyrobetaine, homarine, and trigonelline. Glycine betaine, an osmolyte
Quaternary_ammonium_cation
Mammalian protein found in humans
acid metabolic process metabolism carnitine biosynthetic process medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked fatty
ACADM
Medical condition
3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency proposed treatments include L-carnitine supplements, glycine administration, biotin supplements and dietary restriction
3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency
3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA_carboxylase_deficiency
Central nervous system stimulant
transporter that is present in astrocytes, and SLC22A5 is a high-affinity carnitine transporter. Amphetamine is known to strongly induce cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated
Amphetamine
Chemical compound
produced by the body in the liver from beta-alanine and histidine. Like carnitine, carnosine is composed of the root word carn, meaning "flesh", alluding
Carnosine
Meat from cattle
of saturated fat. Red meat is the most significant dietary source of carnitine and, like any other meat (pork, fish, veal, lamb etc.), is a source of
Beef
Essential nutrient found in citrus fruits and other foods
and γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase) are necessary for synthesis of carnitine. Carnitine is essential for the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria for
Vitamin_C
Clear liquid secreted from glands in eyes of mammals
acid/p-Coumaric acid), carbohydrates (N-Acetylneuraminic acid), carnitines (acetylcarnitine, carnitine, hexanoylcarnitine, palmitoylcarnitine), cyclic amines (Niacinamide)
Tears
Central nervous system stimulant
transporter that is present in astrocytes, and SLC22A5 is a high-affinity carnitine transporter. Methamphetamine is also an agonist of the alpha-2 adrenergic
Methamphetamine
Medical condition
hypotonia. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated lysine, low levels of carnitine and an abnormal acylcarnitine profile in urine and blood. The abnormal
2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase deficiency
2,4_Dienoyl-CoA_reductase_deficiency
Brand of vegetable juice
sucralose; other than caffeine, V8 Energy does not contain taurine, guarana, carnitine, inositol or glucoronolactone which are found in other energy drinks.
V8_(drink)
Medical condition
FSH, HCG, testosterone, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, anti-oxidants, carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, zinc, high-protein diets. In several pilot studies, some positive
Oligospermia
Chemical compound
of 3-hydroxyisovaleryl CoA does not occur (22). The transfer to carnitine by 4 carnitine acyl-CoA transferases distributed in subcellular compartments likely
Β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid
Β-Hydroxy_β-methylbutyric_acid
Painful sensations in muscle tissue
Mediterranean fever Polyarteritis nodosa Devic's disease Morphea Sarcoidosis Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency Conn's syndrome Adrenal insufficiency
Myalgia
Chemical compound
of carnitine. This effect is not due to the drug itself but to pivalate, which is mostly removed from the body by forming a conjugate with carnitine. Although
Pivampicillin
Cell structure
cleavage enzyme Protein tyrosine phosphatase Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase Carnitine O-acetyltransferase Carnitine O-octanoyltransferase Cytochrome P450 Translocase
Inner_mitochondrial_membrane
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
triglyceride levels in the myocardium, which is a detrimental disease phenotype. Carnitine supplementation did lower the triglyceride levels in these knockout mice
ACADL
Life-threatening response to infection
2018). "A review of micronutrients in sepsis: the role of thiamine, L-carnitine, vitamin C, selenium and vitamin D". Nutrition Research Reviews. 31 (2):
Sepsis
Energy drink
(21 kJ). (It also contains 785 mg taurine, 116 mg ginseng extract, 19 mg carnitine, and 0.90 mg guarana extract, according to the can.) The drink was targeted
Tab_Energy
Chemical compound
the dextrorotatory (R)-(+)- enantiomer, is an irreversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1; EC 2.3.1.21) on the inner face of the outer
Etomoxir
Protein-coding gene in humans
fatty acid oxidation by means of the ability of malonyl-CoA to inhibit carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid uptake and
ACACB
Natural, artificial, or technological alteration of the human body
Citicoline, Huperzine A, Phosphatidylserine, Bacopa monnieri, Acetyl-L-carnitine, Uridine monophosphate, L-theanine, Rhodiola rosea, and Pycnogenol which
Human_enhancement
British-Somali track and field athlete (born 1983)
athletics for the trafficking of testosterone, the prohibited use of L-carnitine, and tampering with doping controls. The investigation was the subject
Mo_Farah
absorption of L-carnitine from the GI tract in rats, guinea pigs, and humans, although this has not been studied in cats specifically. L-carnitine is a quaternary
Cat_cognitive_support_diets
Russian biochemist
Gulevich was the first to isolate the dipeptide carnosine and the compounds carnitine and methylguanidine from mammalian muscle, and he played a major role
Vladimir_Gulevich
Brand of energy drinks
taurine, sodium citrate, color added, panax ginseng root extract, L-carnitine L-tartrate, caffeine, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, niacinamide, sodium chloride
Monster_Energy
Protein-coding gene in humans
(e.g., tetraethylammonium) is very low. The transport efficiency for carnitine is also negligible. Instead, the protein is responsible for the cotransport
SLC22A4
Topics referred to by the same term
die defect Cursor Down (ANSI), an ANSI X3.64 escape sequence Primary carnitine deficiency, an inability to utilize fat for energy Caloundra Airport,
Cud_(disambiguation)
CARNITINE
CARNITINE
CARNITINE
CARNITINE
Boy/Male
Tamil
Name of a Rashi
Boy/Male
Arabic, Bengali, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian
Delicious; Delight
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Modern
Prayer Er
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Strong; Happy; Smile; Laugh
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
Measure for Measure' A dissolute prisoner.
Girl/Female
Indian, Sikh
Always Faithful to God
Boy/Male
Tamil
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Having Knowledge of Guru's Word
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Little Princes
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
The Princess
CARNITINE
CARNITINE
CARNITINE
CARNITINE
CARNITINE